EA025576B1 - Usc bwm - universal system of constructions by bushuev w.m. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is related to the field of anti-seismic construction of industrial and civil buildings. The technical objective is search of optimum solutions for a building framework in accordance with calculations, requirements of logics, construction mechanics and architecture; a decrease in building weight and material consumption, elimination of labour-intensive technological conversions; better architectural expressiveness and higher speed of building erection. The above-stated objective is attained by provision of "Universal modular structures system" - a set of fully completed, from the foundation to the roof, all elements of the building made in canons of classic architecture, of rich and multivarious nomenclature: stay-in-place formworks, hollow blocks, beam and girder floor slabs, strip elements, columns, joists, arches, vaults, plafonds, scotias, capitals, friezes, cornices, architraves, frontals, consoles, caps, pilasters, etc. The search of structural schemes is performed in accordance with calculations and optimum solutions for a greatest possible decrease in weights of structures and acceleration of erection.

Description

The invention relates to the field of earthquake-resistant industrial and civil engineering. The technical task is: search for optimal solutions for the building frame in accordance with calculations, structural mechanics, earthquake resistance and architecture, reducing the weight of the building and material consumption, eliminating technological redistribution of decoration and cladding, increasing the architectural expressiveness and speed of construction of buildings. The I8S BUM building, including a columnar or strip foundation, foundation beams piercing the diagonal foundations, the frame pinched in it - short diaphragms, continuous, continuous beams, arches and seismic belts in the outer walls, floor slabs and walls made of hollow blocks. Columns of fixed formwork, reinforced and monolithic in place, articulated with hollow wall blocks mounted by a cavity on the key, on the upper face of the block, in the end parts of the columns and wall blocks, there are developed keys that form vertical channels, reinforced and concreted, into which are anchored mounting loops of all blocks, to exclude reinforcement of masonry rows. The invention relates to the field of construction and can be effectively used in the construction of public, residential and industrial buildings, both high-rise and low-rise, both in seismic areas and outside them.

Known patent KI 21574442 C2, MKI ⁷ Е04С 1/00 dated 12/27/1990 - Building block, which offers a hollow block for universal use with a joint due to curly hooks at the ends and in height, fastened to universal adhesives, cast in high-precision, expensive tooling , and a huge number of cells for manufacturing, while the columns and crossbars are missing, there is no variety of products and techniques. Convection of heat flows is inevitable, reinforcement and monolithic assemblies are not provided, construction of buildings in the seismically active zone, as well as tall buildings is excluded. Columns, crossbars, seismic belts are not provided, laying plates on this hollow block is unacceptable - the wall of the block will not withstand the necessary monolithic cavities, reinforcing the beam under the plate, all these issues are not reflected in this patent.

The patent KI 3160347 C1, MKI ⁷ Е04Н 1/40 is known. A multi-storey building, in which a solution to the outer wall of a panel house is proposed by erecting masonry from locally cut blocks of cellular concrete on universal adhesives, reinforced with brickwork and horizontal reinforcement with meshes. Tray constructions are offered as jumpers of the external circuit: insulated, reinforced and monolithic in place, while all cantilever structures of the ceilings on which the external walls rest are cut through by vertical holes for installing a heater excluding the cold bridge.

This solution is unacceptable for use in seismic areas and tall buildings due to a number of drawbacks: the absence of seismic belts, columns, crossbars, vertical inclusions in the masonry and reliable connections of brickwork and masonry from cellular concrete blocks, during seismic shocks the masonry will be completely destroyed, as well as with the vibrations of tall buildings, the more so installed on the overlapping with rugged holes equal to the thickness of the wall.

System .. - I8S VUM - these are architectural elements of a building from foundations to roofs, with columns, vertical inclusions, girders, arches, seismic belts, caisson floor slabs, reliably anchored into the crossbars and arches, solved in the canons of Classical Architecture and Building Mechanics, where the cavities blocks of lightweight concrete are filled with effective insulation; finishing and cladding of the building are not required, maximum material savings. In buildings consisting of hollow blocks and caisson slabs, the weight of the building is reduced by 30-40%, in accordance with this, seismic forces are reduced. Compared with solid monolithic high-rise buildings, expensive large-sized formwork panels are excluded - installation, straightening, fasteners, reinforcing and monolithic of significant concrete volumes of 300-500 m ³ per section, compared to 30 m ³ , for I8S VUM volumes of monolithic concrete reduced tenfold. The cost of construction is halved.

For the prototype of the invention, the patent КС 259 С1 04Ό 1/18 dated 07/23/1997 - High-rise building was adopted.

The criticism of the prototype and the advantages of this invention include a small nomenclature of elements; underestimation of the possibilities of building structure work, like shells with vertical and horizontal stiffness diaphragms, minimum cement and steel consumption rates, minimum building mass of 1-1.8 t / m ² , the highest erection rate.

An object of the invention is to reduce the weight of buildings, save steel, cement, reduce construction costs by reducing material consumption, labor intensity, eliminating process redistribution, mechanizing work, speeding up construction, and solving the architectural and architectural image of the building. The task was completed by adding new design and technological techniques and a significant increase in the range of Universal modular elements I8S VUM.

I8S VUM - Universal Structural System - V. Bushueva, including unified modular blocks of all configurations and building elements: from foundations to roofs, which include fixed column formwork, hollow wall blocks, strip elements, crossbars, arches, arches, ceilings, caisson, voluminous balconies, spiral and ordinary staircases, capitals, scotia, friezes, cornices, architraves, brackets, etc., is capable of solving any tasks of modern urban planning.

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Columns in fixed formwork, excluding the use of expensive inventory formwork in construction conditions and the supply of significant volumes of concrete to large heights, reinforced and monolithic in place, form together with hollow wall blocks and vertical channels created by joining the developed dowels along the lateral faces of all modules, - vertical diaphragms, and caisson floor slabs, together with through, continuous crossbars and seismic belts, encircling the building envelope and anchored horizontally in developed columns e the diaphragm of the building, while the caisson floor slabs turned at an angle α = 45 to the orthogonal axes, according to the principle of diagonal wedging, an umbrella plus a wedge, the umbrella is mounted center on the vertical axis of the column, and the wedge plate wedges the center of the cell frame, with a smaller slab size, you can cover a larger span (1: 1.41). The upper zone of the crossbar and the diagonal of the edges of the caisson plates are combined, which reduces the consumption of steel in the crossbars.

IZS V \ UM - Universal system of constructions - Bushueva V.M. The use of developed columns of short diaphragms, angle, cross, Taurus, with pilasters and without pilasters, their uniform distribution according to plan, symmetrical frame schemes, weight reduction of all structures, cantilevers along the building’s contour, reduction of the centers of mass and stiffness into a single center, vertical forces are given into the core sections of the columns, which eliminates eccentric compression and large eccentricities of the application of external forces and, accordingly, reduces reinforcement.

The use of fixed formwork, the richness and variety of architectural elements gives freedom of creativity and the possibility of creating any buildings and structures, eliminates the construction of complex, expensive and time-consuming formwork directly at objects at high altitude.

IZS V \ UM - Universal system of constructions - Bushueva V.M. Arches made of unified modular blocks and fixed formwork develop knots of infinite stiffness into the columns, increase the level of pinching and realize resistance to shear and bending of the building frame, are made of prefabricated blocks by monoling joints and reduce the consumption of steel due to the development of zones of perception of forces and moments. In addition, arches can serve as a formative element of arched vaults and beam coverings.

IZS V \ UM - Universal system of constructions - Bushueva V.M. Crossbars can have curly cornice or balcony consoles, manufactured simultaneously with crossbars, increase the rigidity of the structure, the speed of construction, solve a variety of architectural problems and reduce the consumption of steel.

ISS V \ UM - Universal system of constructions - Bushueva V.M. The diagonal arrangement of the edges of the caisson plates, anchored in the upper belt of the crossbars, pinched by the load of the higher columns, their total stiffness provide the maximum reduction in steel consumption for reinforcing the crossbars due to the combined operation of the edges of the plates and crossbars. Caisson slabs provide laying of vertical communications and weight reduction from 1 to 185 kg / m ² , in comparison with a hollow flooring of 330 kg / m ² and a continuous monolithic slab of 440 kg / m ² , provide a reduction in seismic force by half.

IZS V \ UM - Universal system of structures - V. Bushueva The rotation of columnar foundations at an angle α = 45, together with the foundation beams that pierce the foundations right across the diagonal - diagonal wedging, provide a reduction in peak moments in the embedment of the column into the foundation, compensate for the force from soil repulsion, and reduce the consumption of steel due to the combined work of the beams and foundations.

iZS V \ UM - Universal System of Structures - Bushueva V.M. Coffered volumetric balconies under conditions of rotation of coffered floor slabs at an angle α = 45 to the orthogonal axes are prefabricated with fences, have developed anchoring units, unload the crossbars, load the columns, accelerate and simplify installation, make it safe.

IZS V \ UM - Universal system of structures - V. Bushueva Hollow blocks of external walls (HC) and hollow blocks of internal walls (BC) have cavity volumes of up to 30% and form developed dowels along the lateral faces to form vertical channels of monolithic, and dowels on the top face - mounting nests of blocks on the horizontal cut resistance line, together with a cut of columns and vertical channels, they form zones of force majeure building envelope.

At the same time, the high thermotechnical characteristics of wall blocks (HC) made of lightweight concrete, eliminating the convection of heat fluxes by creating closed cavities and eliminating dew points on the outer face, as well as filling the cavities with an effective heater, significantly increase the heat transfer resistance.

IZS V \ UM Universal design system - V. Bushueva Strip elements - flat curved elements, provide any geometry of walls, floors, pools, fountains, decorative fences, serve as fixed formwork, insulation fixing structure, final finish and perceive the dynamic component of concrete vibration, are made in elementary, cheap formwork, completely exclude manufacturing and installation formwork, reduce the cost and simplify the creation of curved surfaces.

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I8S V \ UM - Universal system of structures - V. Bushueva Elements of spiral staircases are also fixed formwork - each petal of a spiral staircase is equipped with its own fixed formwork of a round column, mounted by turning around the center of the column, reinforced and monolithic in place.

I8S V \ UM - Universal system of structures - V. Bushueva The use of only knitted frames in foundations, foundation beams, beams, arches and columns, anchoring in developed columns, short diaphragms, excluding the use of anchor washers, bathroom welding, electricity costs and paying for these works, eliminates damage to the overheated hot-rolled fittings, which is extremely dangerous in conditions of alternating load from seismic effects. In addition, the use of optimal design cross-sections of clamps and diagonals of volumetric knitted frames completely exclude excess deflection of columns, which leads to increased reliability and seismic resistance and reduced steel consumption.

I8S V \ UM - Universal system of structures - V. Bushueva Any architectural details of I8C V \ UM: columns, girders, arches, arches, coffered plates, voluminous balconies, capitals, scythes, friezes, cornices, architraves, brackets, etc., are modular, unified interchangeable fixed formwork or hollow blocks of full factory readiness , have single docking nodes both vertically and horizontally, ensuring the creation of buildings of any size both in length and width, and in height, reinforced and monolithic in the place where the manufacture and installation of inventory opal is completely excluded ok and supply huge volumes of concrete at high altitudes, making it easier, cheaper and faster installation of buildings.

I8S V \ UM - Universal system of structures - V. Bushueva All elements of the I8S V \ UM System are modular and can be replicated in steel cassette formwork, single-shift output can be from 500 to 2000 or more elements, and tooling turnover of at least 20000-50000 cycles, which is a guarantee of stability and efficiency of the enterprise.

The stated technical problem is solved thanks to a systematic approach to the creation of I8S V \ UM of the Universal Structural System - these are all building elements, unified, modular, having interchangeable nodes, not inferior in strength to monolithic buildings, but significantly lightened compared to them, ready-made structures. Optimization of design decisions in accordance with calculations, logic and structural mechanics. New methods and techniques for solving building components: short diaphragms evenly distributed along the contour of the building, diagonal wedging of foundations and floors, caisson slabs that reduce the consumption of concrete and steel. The use of all types of fixed formwork of columns, girders, cornices, scots, capitals, etc., reinforced only with knitted frames, with the exception of tub welding and anchor washers, due to the anchoring of the girders in the diaphragms of the columns, saving on the cost of welding and electricity. The system - I8S V \ UM is the installation of buildings from prefabricated modular structures by monolithic assemblies. Excluded the construction of formwork in building conditions - at high altitudes and the supply of gigantic volumes of concrete, which increase the duration of construction.

The building structure is illustrated by the following drawings, which depict: FIG. 1 - the joint of the fixed formwork of the corner column with the laying of the outer walls - NS; FIG. 2 - a fragment of an arch from prefabricated arched blocks;

FIG. 3 - section of the wall (NS) with a framed window opening, a voluminous caisson balcony and a fixed formwork of the crossbar;

FIG. 4 - fixed formwork of the cross block;

FIG. 5 - fixed formwork of the corner block;

FIG. 6 - fixed formwork of the T-block;

FIG. 7 - fixed formwork of the T-block with a pilaster;

FIG. 8 - fixed formwork of the corner block with a pilaster;

FIG. 9 - a hollow block of walls (NS);

FIG. 10 - hollow block of walls (BC);

FIG. 11 - fixed formwork corner block - Ax;

FIG. 12 - fixed formwork - T-block - Gothic;

FIG. 13 - fragment of the arch entrance; fragment of a spiral staircase;

FIG. 14 - masonry fragments from hollow blocks and blocks and a crossbar;

FIG. 15 - decorative fence column in fixed formwork;

FIG. 16 - a fragment of the fence of the Summer Garden - Strip elements I8C V \ UM;

FIG. 17 - capitals: Doric and Ionic - fixed formwork И8С В \ УМ;

FIG. 18 - arched arch, curly beams of the arch;

FIG. 19 is a fragment of the plan Diagonal wedging;

FIG. 20 is a fragment of the floor plan Diagonal wedging;

FIG. 21 - caisson plates: Carrier - Umbrella, Plate - Wedge; Knots and Sections;

FIG. 22 - decorative walls - from Stripe elements;

FIG. 23 - a fragment of the facade with an arched window; Strip elements;

- 3,025,576 of FIG. 24 - fragments of the facades of various cottages; FIG. 25 - fragments of high-rise buildings; a fragment of the facade of Palladio; FIG. 26 - fragments of baroque building facades with elements of I8C V \ UM; FIG. 27 - spiral and ordinary staircases, fixed formwork of columns; FIG. 28 - fragments of the cottage: fixed formwork of columns, tower, tent; FIG. 29 - a fragment of the facade of the store with elements of I8C V \ UM.

Building - И8С В \ УМ consists of fixed formwork 1, hollow blocks of walls НС 2, cavities of monolithic 3, vertical wells 4, keys of a cut - landing nests on the upper edge of blocks 5, cavities of wall blocks 6, supporting zones of hollow blocks on a mortar bed 7 , anchor loops 8 and anchor rings - ties 9.

Arched stones - I8S V \ UM of prefabricated stone arches, castle stones (ZK) and ordinary stones (RK); beam arch design - T, G, E (Fig. 18).

I8S V \ UM has prefabricated framing elements for openings 10, voluminous caisson balconies 11, and caisson slabs 13, a rich range of fixed formwork columns 14, Taurus 15, angle 16, Taurus with pilaster 17, corner with pilaster 18, corner with curly pilaster 20 , a brand with a figured pilaster 21, a cross with figured pilasters 22 by a column of an entrance 23, variants of monolithic columns with flutes Mk are also provided.

И8С В \ УМ has a nomenclature of hollow blocks of external walls 2 and an equally varied nomenclature of hollow blocks of internal walls 19, the set includes ordinary steps of various lengths 24 and screw steps with their own fixed formwork of a round column 25.

I8S V \ UM has a nomenclature of fixed formwork of inner columns 26 with its own base - belts 27, scots 28, rings 29, tops 30.

И8С В \ УМ has a nomenclature of capitals: Doric 31, Ionic 32.

I8S V \ UM has a nomenclature of strip elements P.E. 34, 35, with which you can solve any architectural problems in interiors, pools, fountains, fences and other small architectural forms (IAF)

И8С В \ УМ - rotation of the axes for foundations Ф and floors, this invention allows to fundamentally strengthen the zones of maximum stresses in the embedments of columns K to the foundation Ф and to reduce reinforcement in the bottom of the foundation due to the transfer of ground pressure to the foundation beams Bf; rotation of the axes of the caisson ceilings diagonal wedging - umbrella plus wedge, where umbrella W is mounted on the axis of column 1, and wedge B wedges the middle of the cell frame; caisson - NZK - Bearing Umbrella; P.K.K. - Plate-Wedge; I8S V \ UM introduced new fixed formwork - Tauri with flutes 36, fixed formwork of portals 37, fixed formwork with angle α = 135-38; belts - frames 39, arched vaults 40, volumetric rings 41, round columns 26, bases of columns 42, volumetric balconies 43.

Various architectural details are provided: fences for balconies with balusters 44, window sills 45, 46, monolithic arches 47; base columns 48; monolithic plates 49, monolithic crossbars 50; brackets 51, windows 52, monolithic balconies 53, circular cornices 54; stained-glass windows 55, steel hollow roof structures 56; railings of balconies from strip elements 57.

The I8S V \ UM building is erected in the following order: after fixing the axes of the building and turning the axes of the columnar foundations Ф at an angle α = 45 - diagonal wedging - fixing the design position - up to the concrete and mounting the formwork of the foundations, reinforcing with knitted frames, installing the outlets of columns 1 and inclusions 4, then concreting the bottom of the foundations, reinforcing the foundation beams Bf, completing the concreting of foundations and beams. Then, along the axes and elevations, the installation of the first row of fixed formwork of columns 1 - the geodetic base of the building; then the first row of hollow blocks of walls 2; 19. Then reinforcement with knitted frames of columns and inclusions and concreting. Similarly, all rows to the crossbars 12, then the installation of arches, crossbars, caisson slabs 13 - an umbrella plus a wedge, vertical and horizontal reception, anchoring, reinforcing and monolithic diagonal wedging plates, plus voluminous balconies 11 - with rotation at an angle α = 45, anchoring in crossbars of volume balconies.

Separate columns 26 are performed in the following order: concreting, mounting a knitted reinforcing cage, monolithing the bottom of the foundation, reinforcing the column and foundation beams, concreting the beams; installation of the lower rings of the base of the column 29, mounting of the scooter 28, reinforcing and concreting the base of the column, installing the upper ring of the base 27 and then reinforcing and installing the fixed formwork of the column 26. then mounting the fixed formwork of the capitals 31; 32; top 30, crossbars 12, acceptance of installation of structures, reinforcement with knitted frames and concreting.

Arches from prefabricated fixed formwork 16; ZK; RK; 41 - arched vaults - T; G; E - are mounted in circles for precise execution of structures and, after reinforcing and monolinging the nodes and holding the circles, they are disassembled.

Spiral staircases 25 are carried out on their own foundation, which is brought up according to the marks to the bottom level of the first petal 25 - a spiral staircase, the base of the foundation and a vertical fixed column 24 are reinforced, and then, on the marks of each petal, the petals are turned by a given angle.

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If it is necessary to perform complex curvilinear details of the architecture of niches, pools, fountains, fences, in a flat individual formwork, the necessary volume of strip elements 34, 35 is made, of which any curved surface is mounted by monolinging the seams.

All complex architectural details of columns 2, arches 16, cornices 39, caissons 13, friezes, architraves are embedded in the I8C V \ UM system.

The following is the planning and altitude justification of the completed floor, fixing the axes of the building on the columns and the construction of the next floor.

Main technical and economic indicators Name of indicators of the type of multi-storey building Monolith. Frame I8C V \ UM

one. Mass 1m2 of the building (T / m2) 2,8 3.2 2.0 2. Concrete consumption (adZ / m2) 1,2 1.4 0.8 3. Steel consumption (kg / m2) 45.0-65.0 120.0-140.0 25.0-35.0 4. Construction time (month) 9-12 12-18 4-6

Such high performance indicators of the I8S V \ UM System were obtained due to the above systematic approach to construction technology, optimization of engineering calculations, and improvement of the aesthetic qualities of the elements of the I8S V \ UM System. full readiness of modular building structures, weight reduction, seismic forces and reinforcement, increase seismic resistance and reliability.

Claims (10)

1. An earthquake-resistant building construction consists of unified modular blocks, including foundation beams and columnar foundations, into which developed columns are pinched in fixed column formwork, hollow wall blocks, strip elements, girders, arches, coffered ceilings, voluminous balconies, screw and ordinary stairs, capitals, scotia, brackets, etc., while the columns in fixed formwork are reinforced and monolithic in place, form together with hollow blocks of walls and vertical channels created by the joint developed dowels along the lateral faces of the modules, vertical diaphragms, and coffered plates together with crossbars and seismic belts are anchored in the columns and form horizontal diaphragms; wherein the caisson plates are turned at an angle α = 45 ° to the orthogonal axes, the umbrella plate is mounted center on the vertical axis of the column, and the wedge plate wedges the center of the cell frame; the upper zones of the crossbar and the edges of the caisson at an angle α = 45 ° are combined, and the columnar foundations, rotated at an angle α = 45 °, pierce the foundation beams diagonally. 2. An earthquake-resistant building structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the diaphragm columns in fixed formwork, such as a circle, polyhedron, angle, cross, Taurus, with and without pilasters, are distributed symmetrically according to the plan so that the vertical forces are given to the core sections. 3. An earthquake-resistant building structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow blocks of the outer and inner walls have a cavity volume of up to 30%, the developed keys on the side faces have vertical channels of monolithic, and the wall block is mounted on the key on the upper edge of the block with a cavity on the key while the heat transfer resistance of the hollow wall blocks is increased by filling the cavities with a heater. 4. The earthquake-resistant building structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the arches in the modular fixed formwork are made by monoling the connecting cavities. 5. An earthquake-resistant building structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the crossbars have curly consoles that reinforce the rigidity of the crossbar, and are made in a single formwork. 6. The earthquake-resistant building structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the edges of the caisson slabs, turned at an angle α = 45 ° to the orthogonal axes, are anchored in the upper girder belt. 7. An earthquake-resistant building structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the columnar foundations are rotated at an angle α = 45 ° to the orthogonal axes, and the foundation beams penetrate the foundations along the main diagonals. 8. The earthquake-resistant building structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the strip elements provide the ability to form any given geometry of walls, pools, fountains, fences, fixed formwork, etc. 9. The earthquake-resistant building structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the elements of the spiral staircases equipped with fixed column formwork are mounted by rotation around the center of the column, reinforced and monolithic in place. 10. An earthquake-resistant building construction according to claims 1, 3, characterized in that the coffered volumetric balconies, when the axes are rotated through an angle α = 45 ° to the orthogonal axes, are made together with guards and have developed anchoring units.