EA006995B1 - Method and apparatus for precast and framed block element construction - Google Patents

Abstract

Precast planar construction blocks (10) are cast on-site or received and assembled in free-standing modules. A variety of shapes of spaced apart paired blocks form free-standing modules which apply building load over a large footprint. Biaxial sleeve connectors (100) and threaded rods facilitate connection between blocks. The free-standing modules are connected with other structural elements to form a complete primary structure. The primary structure can then be enclosed using manufactured blocks to establish perimeter walls and roofs.

Description

The invention relates to a building system consisting of prefabricated building wall blocks, of prefabricated or frame floor blocks, of wall blocks and roof blocks; from the combination of these blocks to create building elements; and to methods of manufacturing, assembling, disassembling and changing the configuration of these blocks.

Various types of structures are known, including timber frame buildings, steel frame buildings and concrete structures.

Most of the decisions of building design, adopted in normal practice, are based on cost considerations; and engineers for the design and calculation of buildings and structures of most construction projects are under great pressure to minimize costs, but with ensuring their first duty to guarantee the reliability of buildings. At many construction sites, this pressure reduces the construction system to a minimum. This tendency can be dangerous if the structure is subjected to rare but extraordinary loads that, for reasons that can be explained, cannot be included in the statistical reference books of the loads given in the compilation of building codes.

Accordingly, the design structures are usually designed taking into account the reliable carrying of loads provided by the collections of building codes, without the mandatory large safety margin over that which is provided by virtue of the necessary safety factors. During construction, providing structural strength is much higher than the required strength for minimum loads according to building codes, new opportunities are created in terms of functionality and versatility of a building structure.

Structural design in conventional construction is usually aimed at preserving the usable area, and with regard to sustainability, structural design relies on secondary horizontal systems, such as diagonal bracing elements or stiffening walls. It may be advisable to deliberately distribute structural forces across a broad base to minimize stress on the bearing surface.

Conventional construction, as a rule, consists either in the construction method of monolithic concrete, in which an inconvenient and expensive formwork is used; or in the construction of an interconnected reinforcement or panel frame, based on diagonal bracing elements or stiffening walls to ensure horizontal stability. Since conventional construction is initially unstable until the construction of structural diaphragms and transverse systems, therefore, structural violations during a relatively short construction period occur more often than in completed buildings intended for many years of operation.

Horizontal connections and temporary supports, usually required for ordinary construction, clutter up the construction site, which leads to many incidents during construction. Since in ordinary construction, elements are assembled on site, which are then lifted up and operated by one or two workers, therefore a large amount of work is usually carried out above ground level for the construction of exterior walls and roofs; and this creates the risk of falls, which constitute the majority of fatal accidents at a construction site. In cases where large elements are used in conventional construction, for example, in construction using the method of installing large walls made at the construction site, the expensive crane operation time is usually spent on keeping these parts in the desired position while installing side supports and communication elements and connections; this is required to stabilize the element, after which the lifting cables can be released. It is desirable to build using a system of autonomous stable modular sections to eliminate the need to use temporary support struts and connections, while ensuring the effective use of the crane operation time.

In the area of building concrete buildings or frame concrete structures, building elements are usually either concreted on site at the site, for example, flat base plates or beams and plates made on the site as in the case of construction using the method of mounting large walls made at the construction site; or use prefabricated parts, such as prefabricated plates, T-beams and wall blocks. The most important structures are erected on an individual project, which prepares a team of designers; at the same time the project of this building is usually special for this building. Designing special objects in view of time, money and obligation constraints sets difficult tasks for designers; and also sets serious tasks for builders who need to comprehend and implement a special and complex object, on the basis of what will inevitably turn out to be an imperfect set of drawings and technical descriptions. It is highly desirable to introduce a building system that allows design flexibility while also offering significant simplifications both in design and in construction; and this can be done by expanding the set of compatible elements.

The use of on-site concreting for monolithic concrete structures is costly and is associated with delays associated with the manufacture of concreting on-site formwork. It is desirable to provide concrete building elements that can be stacked or made by other methods, except for on-site or factory-controlled conditions.

- 1 006995

Construction by the method of assembling large walls made at the construction site provides some advantages in the manufacture of prefabricated wall elements, but its disadvantage is that it requires the advance construction of large areas of ground plates that serve as the surface for the concrete blocks. For construction using the method of assembling large walls made at the construction site, temporary support posts are also required during the assembly process to hold the wall in place until additional building elements are attached to the walls. It is advisable to use prefabricated concrete building elements from which you can assemble different building elements and finished buildings, without using temporary support columns.

Concrete building blocks, such as cinder blocks, are usually supplied in the form of relatively small products that require labor-intensive masonry to form the walls and the building itself. It is advisable to use larger construction products that can be concreted using the stack method or brought to the work site and assembled there, in the form of a wide range of constructional forms, without the significant use of mortar or adhesives.

After completion of the normal construction: to modify or remove the finished structure it usually needs to be demolished. In normal construction practice, projects are drawn up for a relatively short lifetime of the building and provide for the simple demolition of buildings because of their age, location, or poor initial quality of construction, which terminates their service life. As a result of this practice, millions of tons of construction waste are brought to landfills every year. It is desirable to build using a system that builds from durable, but cost-effective structures, and allows for convenient modification or removal or reuse without loss of materials and labor costs associated with normal demolition practice. It is desirable to provide a building system that allows full reuse of entire buildings through the use of large building blocks, firmly executed.

This invention provides the unexpected effectiveness of intentional use of large grounds for building modular sections. In conventional construction, support elements such as concrete columns and steel beams have a relatively small footprint to maximize the useful area of the building. According to the present invention, blocks and building modular sections having a large base area are used. The advantages of this technical solution include the possibility of constructing a supporting frame structure of relatively simple planar elements, which can be made on site or efficiently manufactured according to the required conditions, and brought to the site. Much of the assembly can be done on the ground. Building modular sections assembled in this way can be mounted quickly and stably, without temporary support struts. A complete frame can be quickly disassembled and reused for its components. At the same time, the load per unit area decreases, and the requirements for slabs or foundations are reduced. Some products can be collected on the ground. In many cases, the space inside the building modular sections is affordable and efficiently used.

The method and apparatus for the construction proposed here provide a system of prefabricated reinforced building blocks that can be reproduced and combined with the same blocks to form a variety of building elements, and with modified, but similar and complementary blocks to form a complete primary structure. The primary structure can then be constructed with prefabricated blocks or prefabricated or frame structures for installing exterior walls and roofs.

In various embodiments of the present invention, prefabricated elements can be made in efficiently controlled conditions, for example by stacking concreting to provide a variety of building elements that can be configured to a variety of desired structures. Elements that can be created by combining modular units include walls, parts of walls, supporting columns, roof trusses, and prefabricated supporting frame structures. These building blocks can be quickly assembled on site and installed on a concrete slab, on separate foundations and, in some cases, directly on the ground. By combining individual blocks or combinations of blocks with other combinations of blocks, you can quickly design and assemble different supporting frame structures and structures. When building large prefabricated blocks with simple bolted or mutually blocking connections, frames and entire structures constructed by such construction can also be modified or disassembled without demolition.

These and other objectives and advantages of the present invention are set forth below with reference to the drawings, in which FIG. 1A is a vertical projection of one block;

FIG. 1B is an isometric view of the block of FIG.

FIG. 2A is a perspective view of blocks lifted beyond the top edge;

FIG. 2B is a perspective view of blocks lifted from the first marginal belt and assembled on the ground;

- 2 006995 of FIG. FOR - front projection of various block configurations;

FIG. ZV is a cross-sectional view of a rectangular beam;

FIG. CS - cross section of a six-sided polygonal beam;

FIG. 4 - front projection of different block shapes;

FIG. 5A is a front projection of biaxial connecting sleeves of the block;

FIG. 5B is a perspective view of biaxial connecting sleeves;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a part of the reinforced block;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the centering and joining of the blocks with biaxial sleeves;

FIG. 8A is a detailed perspective view of a formwork part with a socket for a liner;

FIG. 8B is a detailed perspective view of a formwork part with a sleeve and a sleeve socket;

FIG. 9 is a front projection of typical reinforcement for a block;

FIG. 10 A is a perspective view of the reinforcement cage construction step in a sequence of stacking concreting.

FIG. 10B is a perspective view of a bundle of first level formwork in a sequence of stacking concreting;

FIG. 10C is a perspective view of a concreting stage of the first level in a sequence of stacking concreting;

FIG. 10Ό is a perspective view of the form inversion stage in a sequence of stacking concreting;

FIG. 10E is a perspective view of the preparation stage of a subsequent level in a sequence of stacking concreting;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of several block columns attached to the surface by means of connectors through base sleeves;

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of pairs of blocks forming the elements in the shape of the letter b;

FIG. 13A is a perspective view of several blocks forming a flat wall;

FIG. 13B is a perspective view of several blocks forming a system of external walls of arbitrary location;

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of several blocks forming a pilaster wall;

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of several blocks forming a ribbed wall;

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of several blocks forming square and rectangular box columns;

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of box columns supported by steel frame floor blocks;

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a completed primary building frame with box columns carrying supporting truss trusses on separate cap elements;

FIG. 19 shows the frame according to FIG. 18, bearing steel secondary frame light gauge;

FIG. 20A - single-storey block with console belt extensions at the second level;

FIG. 20B - a two-story block with console belt extensions on the second level;

FIG. 20C - a three-story block with console belt extensions on the second level;

FIG. 20Ό - a three-storey block with a side compartment, carrying the roof of the canopy, and without a lower belt to provide a pedestrian passage;

FIG. 20E - two-storey block, without a lower belt to provide a pedestrian passage;

FIG. 20E - a three-story block with console belt extensions and a sloping upper belt for supporting the roof block;

FIG. 20C - single-storey block with an inclined upper belt;

FIG. 20H - single-storey block with a stepped upper belt with a double slope;

FIG. 201 - two-storey block with a stepped lower belt for the arrangement of the overlap of the ceiling and with an inclined upper belt for supporting the roof block;

FIG. 21A - triangular block;

FIG. 21B - bifurcated gasket block for connecting two adjacent blocks in one modular section;

FIG. 21C — truss truss unit with a segmented arcuate upper chord;

FIG. 21Ό - the block of an arch truss with a tightening, having a steel tightening;

FIG. 21E is a perspective view of a corner cap block;

FIG. 21E is a bottom view of the block shown in FIG. 21E;

FIG. 22A is a perspective view, with spatial separation of parts, of a paired modular section of a truss truss;

FIG. 22B - asymmetric box-shaped column;

FIG. 23A - frame wall block with a metal wall frame of light caliber;

FIG. 23B is an inside view of the wall block shown in FIG. 23A;

- 3 006995 of FIG. 23C is an external view of three variants of prefabricated wall blocks: concreting is shown imitating masonry;

FIG. 23Ό - view from the inside of three variants of prefabricated wall blocks;

FIG. 23E - hinged wall blocks;

FIG. 24A is a view of the inner frame of the frame wall block;

FIG. 24B is a side view of a frame wall unit according to FIG. 24A with inner and outer metal shells installed;

FIG. 25A is a perspective view of an assembled wall block on open box columns;

FIG. 25B is a detailed view of the suspension connection;

FIG. 26A is a horizontal projection of prefabricated roof blocks;

FIG. 26B is a bottom view of the prefabricated roof blocks;

FIG. 27A is a perspective view of a steel frame for a frame block of a roof;

FIG. 27B is a perspective view of a frame block of a roof with metal panels installed;

FIG. 27C is a detailed depiction of the bolted coupling clip;

FIG. 27Ό - bottom view of the completed roof block;

FIG. 28 — roof assembly assembly, on an asymmetric column;

FIG. 29A - a unit of two box-shaped columns with bolted nuts, supporting blocks of floor supports;

FIG. 29B - three box-shaped columns with lateral protrusions, carrying ready-made blocks of overlap;

FIG. 29C is a horizontal projection of two prefabricated blocks of overlap;

FIG. 29Ό - bottom view of two prefabricated blocks of overlap;

FIG. 30A is an image with a spatial separation of parts of an assembly of three prefabricated overlapping blocks;

FIG. 30B is a bottom view of the assembly of an overlapping block;

FIG. 31A - three modular sections used at the beginning of the assembly of the carrier shell;

FIG. 31B - three modular sections with installed overlapping blocks;

FIG. 31C - three modular sections with installed wall blocks added to the supporting shell;

FIG. 31Ό — completed carrier shell with roof blocks;

FIG. 32A - six modular sections on a plate with a hanging part, which is used to construct the bearing shell;

FIG. 32B - adding suspended overlap blocks for access and twin modular sections of a truss truss;

FIG. 32С - addition of installed wall blocks, blocks with ribbon windows, wall end blocks and sliding door blocks;

FIG. 32Ό - closed carrier shell, completed by the installation of roof blocks;

FIG. 33A - twelve box-shaped columns on the slab to start assembling the bearing shell;

FIG. 33B is a detailed depiction of bolted nuts;

FIG. 33 C is a perspective view of modular sections of a box-shaped column carrying frame floor blocks;

FIG. 33Ό - primary frame with blocks with a solid tip, carrying the associated arched truss with a puff;

FIG. 33E - almost complete construction after the installation of prefabricated wall blocks, metal wall racks and metal roofs;

FIG. 34A is an example of a multi-level bearing shell with a slab, box-shaped columns, various box-shaped columns with side projections, of different heights;

FIG. 34B is an example of a multi-level bearing shell with the addition of cap blocks, modular overlapping sections, and a hinged wall block;

FIG. 35 A is an example of through box columns on a slab, with simple box columns on each end;

FIG. 35B — the addition of corner cap elements and cap elements added to the through box columns and to the box columns;

FIG. 35С - addition of wall blocks and low roof blocks to the assembled building;

FIG. 35Ό - upper roof, consisting of frame blocks of the roof and wall blocks with ribbon windows.

Prefabricated and frame building blocks

The main unit of one embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1A and 1B, which are an elevation and isometric projection of a single block. The name Bab <1сгВ1оск comes from the geometry of this very basic block of the building system. Block 10 is 5 feet wide, 30 feet high and 6 inches thick; and has two edge belts 21 and 22, and three

- 4 006995 vertical apertures 41-43, defined by beam sections 31-34. Further in the description of this block is called a three-story block. In one example, reinforced concrete waist sections of this embodiment are 6 inches wide and 6 inches thick; beam section width - 13 inches, thickness - 6 inches. The overall geometry of the block, dimensions, number of openings, cross-sectional dimensions and reinforcement can be adjusted within practical limits in each particular case.

The design of this system is designed to provide the ability to quickly reproduce the same high-quality building blocks for their use as large building elements, providing fast but durable construction. Control and quality assurance can be easily ensured by the repetitive manufacturing of identical elements. Blocks are usually concreted flat and then raised to the desired position. FIG. 2A is a perspective view of the blocks 10 raised beyond the top edge 34, for example, with a crane (not shown). FIG. 2B is a perspective view of the blocks 10 lifted beyond the first edge chord 21 and then assembled on the ground: illustrated by block 10a attached by the edge chord 22 to the first edge chord.

The reproduction of blocks can be accomplished by stacking the concreting of a number of blocks — one on another, or with the help of a formwork system, which makes it possible to quickly dismantle and reuse formwork. Blocks can be concreted on site on a pre-made concrete ground slab, or they can be concreted industrially and brought to a construction site on platform trailers.

Block geometry

Block configuration can be modified in several ways; for example, the constructor may change the geometry of a block according to a specific application. Blocks are planar elements consisting, as a rule, of two or more belts with monolithic rigid connections at the intersection of belts. Belts can be made at right angles to each other, and they can console extend beyond the form, limited by other beams and belts, if you want to ensure continuation to support the foundation elements, floors or roof. The cross-sections of the block belts can also be made thicker, and they can be reinforced to a greater extent, if required by the calculation of building structures. In addition, the cross sections of the beams and belts can be modified so that they have a different shape than the rectangular shape shown in FIG. 3B; it is essential to ensure the possibility of stacking concreting and stacking transportation, in which the elements remain flat. When concreting in detachable formwork, for example, it would be advisable that the cross sections of the beam and belt have a taper from each side to the geometric axis of the cross section to facilitate stripping, as shown in the cross section of the beam of FIG. 3c. The resulting six-sided polygon provides new opportunities for interlocking parts that will be based on them - FIG. 3c. Referring again to FIG. 1A and 1B: The geometry in the exemplary embodiment provides three openings in the installed block, with a horizontal clearance of 4 feet between parallel belts, and a vertical clearance of 8 feet and 8 inches between parallel beam elements. These openings are limited to 4-inch bevels 38 in each corner and are designed to provide the desired height and width of the lumen for people to pass through this opening; at the same time the framework of overlapping will lean on a beam element under an aperture.

In addition to the variability of dimensions described above, this main unit can be modified by introducing additional beam elements having different intervals according to FIG. 3A, which is a front projection of various configurations of 10c-10d blocks. Beams can be used to make the block more rigid or to provide additional support lines for the secondary frame when passage through the block is not required. FIG. 3A shows the variability of the height of the block, the width of the block, the number and location of the beams in the block, and the cross-sectional shape of the beam or belt.

Beams and belts do not have to be at right angles. FIG. 4 shows the front projection of different block shapes. For example, block 12 additionally has inclined diagonal struts 61. Bracing can be steel structures, bolted in pre-made sleeves, or these bracing can be made of reinforced concrete, cast in monolith with the modular section.

Block 11 shows the use of inclined belts 23, which can be used to build an inclined wall, to stiffen a block to withstand considerable lateral forces, or to use a block as a horizontal part of a truss for a long run.

Truss 13 with an inclined belt can be formed by assembling two blocks 11 with an inclined belt, with additional diagonal braces 61, or it can be cast as a whole.

Biaxial block connection sleeves

According to one of embodiments, the block contains a number of pre-made sleeves that serve to perform several functions. In this embodiment, the sleeves are shown as a 1.5 inch diameter steel pipe. The size of the sleeves is specially overstated to ensure fit fit. Threaded pin connectors passing through 1.5 inch diameter liners will usually have

- 5 006995 diameter within 3/4 - 1 inch. In this embodiment, the length of the tubular sleeve is 6 inches in the belt sections and 12 inches in the beam sections; and the pairs of sleeves 101 and 102 are centered and welded with a tack weld at an angle of 90 ° to each other, as shown in FIG. 5A and 5B, and form the biaxial sleeves 100 for connecting the modular section.

These pairs of connecting sleeves are located at modular locations in each belt element and are typically centered in the reinforcement 120 — FIG. 6. Other sleeves, such as vertical sleeves 103 for attaching to the foundation, attaching to the roofing elements or attaching elements of projections or floors, are usually also included in the reinforcement of the block.

In this embodiment, the sleeve pairs are asymmetrical and can be rotated 90 ° from the belt 22 of the left edge to the belt 21 of the right edge of the block — shown as pairs of connecting sleeves 105 and 106 in FIG. 7. As a result of this rotation, the belt sleeve at any given level will be on a straight line with its pair in the second same block, but will also be on a straight line with a sleeve opposite on the 90 ° side of the other belt of the second same block. For example, block 101 is located between block 101t which is rotated 180 ° relative to block 101 and block 10_), which is rotated 270 ° with respect to block 101. When you rotate the block in horizontal projection, you can therefore interconnect the same blocks to create various configurations, as described below. In other embodiments, the sleeve pairs are symmetrical, and therefore they can be used to form modular sections such as twin trusses or asymmetric columns, and as described below.

In addition to the interconnection of blocks, liners can perform several functions, both during the manufacture of the block and in the assembled structure. During the manufacture of the block, liners serve as internal sockets for holding the reinforcing steel in the desired position. FIG. 8A and 8B show a detailed perspective view of a part of the formwork system for this embodiment: formwork 201 includes a sleeve slot 120 on its inner surface that positions sleeve 100 and provides an easy way to bond the formwork during concreting. According to the description below, the formwork may also contain a socket for the liner, which is used to form the subsequent reproduction of the block by means of stacking concreting.

The sleeves also provide connection points for lifting and lifting the precast unit, and for connecting to the secondary frame in the assembled structure and for supporting this structure. Sleeves in the beam elements provide the ability to connect anchor bolts to the supporting structure to connect the intermediate levels of the supported frame and to connect the cap elements or the roof frame.

If structural separation from one another and the mutual connection of two identical asymmetric blocks is desirable, according to FIG. 22A and 22B, the biaxial connecting sleeves are oriented to provide corresponding sleeve heights on each side of the spacer block. In such cases, the orientation of the biaxial sleeves is not rotated 90 ° between the sides, but is set respectively on both edge chords of the spacer block 290 in FIG. 22B.

Biaxial sleeves of the modular connection allow the designer to have an almost unlimited variety of structural components, including wall blocks, box columns, paired blocks and trusses, which can be embedded in building modular sections using repeating identical elements. Potential configurations may include, among other things, the following building elements. One unit can be used as a light load column and / or pilasters for lateral support of the secondary frame of the outer wall according to FIG. 11. A pair of blocks 10a and 10b can be joined at a 90 ° angle to form an element in the shape of a letter b according to FIG. 12. A series of 10t10p blocks can be interconnected by rotating alternating blocks through 180 ° in horizontal projection to align modular sleeves on one straight line to form a flat wall - according to FIG. 13. The combination of blocks can also be used to build a supporting wall system around the perimeter of an arbitrary shape according to FIG. 13B. A similar node, which also uses reinforcement for the block, is reinforced steel frameworks 220 and are tied into groups using deformed rods or wire ties. These links can be standard crossbars or spiral ties 225 shown in the drawings.

FIG. 10A-10E depict stacking concreting procedures. FIG. 10A is a perspective view of a reinforcement cage stage in a sequence of stacking concreting. The reinforcing steel is spaced apart and held in place by the sleeve assemblies 100, which in turn are held in place by the sleeve sockets 120 made in the formwork 201. FIG. 10B shows a perspective view of the first-level formwork mating stage in a sequence of stacking concreting. After the bonded frame 220 is placed in the formwork 201 and 202, the sleeve slots 120, the threaded rods 210 are temporarily placed through the sleeves, and the formwork and nuts are tightened on the rods to tie the formwork together. FIG. 10C is a perspective view of a concreting stage of the first level in a sequence of stacking concreting. For the first block 240 in the stack, the formwork kit can be temporarily attached with anchor bolts to a slab or concrete surface

- 6 006995 concepts. The connection between the concrete of the concreting slab and the element is eliminated by means of a sheet membrane or conventional shuttering grease applied to the concrete surface. FIG. 10Ό shows a perspective view of the form inversion stage in a sequence of stacking concreting. After concreting and first keeping the first block 240, the formwork is removed, and the formwork grease is applied to the upper surface of the manufactured block. FIG. 10E shows a perspective view of the preparation stage of a subsequent level in a sequence of stacking concreting. The formwork systems according to this embodiment are designed to facilitate stacking concreting and may have continued lobes 208 and spaced nests of liner 120 so that the formwork section 201, 202 can be turned over after the first concrete casting and so that the nest located at some distance clicks on the cast liner in the first block 240. In this case, the socket for the liner is installed in the correct position to accommodate the liner and reinforce the steel frame for the second block. This system allows stacking concreting of many blocks and stably reproducing them, one on top of the other, in a fast and convenient way.

Frame Components

The Building System by Yayyytyyosk derives its name from the most basic unit shown in the building set according to FIG. 1. The frame system consists of planar elements forming rigid frames with a height from the floor, and they can be multi-storey with many side cells according to FIG. 20A - 201.

FIG. 20A-201 show the shapes of planar building blocks. FIG. 20A shows a simple rectangular block — a single-story block 230 that has an upper beam 34 with a cantilever extension 50 on both sides.

FIG. 20B shows a rectangular block with cantilever extensions 50 on each side of intermediate beam 32.

FIG. 20C shows a higher three-story block 234 with a cantilever extension 50; these cantilever extensions usually serve as bearing supports and are intended to accommodate them in recesses in the lower beams of mutually interlocking blocks of floors (not shown).

FIG. 20Ό shows a stepped block 236 having a first edge belt 21, a second edge belt 22, an intermediate belt 23, a first upper beam 36 between the first edge belt and the intermediate belt; and the second upper beam 35 between the edge belt and the intermediate belt. Usually the second upper beam 35 is used as a support for high building roof elements. The first upper beam 36 is used as a support for the roof with a small slope.

FIG. 20E shows an open rectangular block 238 without a base beam, which is eliminated to allow pedestrians to pass, without the risk of tripping.

FIG. 20E shows a rectangular element 240, which contains an inclined cantilever extension 52 from the top beam 34. This combination of the top beam 34 and the extension 52 is used as a support for a high roof with an overhang.

FIG. 200 shows a simple block comprising an inclined upper beam 34. FIG. 20H shows a stepped block 244 with two inclined upper beams 35 and 36 and with an intermediate beam 23. This top beam configuration contains planar blocks of the roof of opposite inclinations and ribbon windows for natural lighting.

FIG. 20Σ shows a planar block 246 with a first side edge chord 21, with an offset extension 51, an extension 52 of the top beam and an extension 50 of the intermediate beam. The ends of these extensions are connected by a vertical belt 24. In some cases, the offset extension 51 is located above the surface, and in some cases below the surface. The base beam 31 distributes the load on the supporting foundation, and the offset extension 51 is intended for the cantilever extension beyond the edge of the supporting foundation; with the top of the lower continuation at the same height as the top of the slab. The first edge chord 21 and the second edge chord 22 may rest on the slab in such a way that the first edge chord hangs over the slab. In other embodiments, two marginal belts may rest on separate foundations.

FIG. 21A shows a main triangular block 260 having a first edge chord 21, an upper beam 34 and a base beam 31.

FIG. 21B shows a split gasket 280 with a first protrusion 21 and a second protrusion 282.

FIG. 21C shows a segmented arcuate roof truss 300 having a first edge belt 301 and a second edge belt 302, a base beam 311, and a segmented upper belt 304, 305, 306, and 307. In this example, the roof truss contains cuts or pits 303 that are commonly used to provide horizontal bearing surface on trusses Referring again to FIG. 20E, the first edge chord 21 has an elongation 28 that forms a horizontal bearing surface.

FIG. 21Ό shows an associated arched truss with a puff 319 with a segmented arched top 320, a steel link 321, a support part 324 and a tapered key 322.

- 7 006995

FIG. 21E shows a perspective view of a cap element 400 with side beams 401 and 402, separate pockets 403 and 404 of a box-shaped column, with a cross beam 405, and with a conical key socket 406. 21E shows a bottom view of the cap member 400.

FIG. 21C, an angle cap element 410 is shown comprising a side beam 401. The end 413 of the cap element is typically located centrally in the box-like column, and therefore the ends 412 and 413 are connected on the corner box-shaped column. FIG. 21H shows a bottom view of the corner cap element 410.

FIG. 211 and 211 show top and bottom views of the cap member 409 of yet another embodiment; the element has simple transverse beams 405, separate pockets 404 of a box-shaped column, and pockets 420 of a box-shaped column on the center of the box-shaped column, and a cantilever extension 422.

Building modular sections

According to one embodiment of the present invention, these building blocks are usually combined into building modular sections, such as a box-shaped column 70 according to FIG. 16 and other examples set out below.

FIG. 22A is a perspective view, with spatial separation of parts, of a paired modular section 440 of a truss truss, which contains a pair of segmented arched trusses 300 connected by forked gaskets 280. In this example, the segmented arched trusses are kept in rigid parallel alignment by forked gaskets and therefore form a transversely stable building modular section, which can be pre-assembled at ground level and raised to the desired position as one e product. In this example, the modular section is assembled with threaded connectors inserted into the beam or belt members 308, and the protrusion 281 of the forked gasket. You can use other methods of connection.

FIG. 22B shows an asymmetric box-shaped column 450 formed by a pair of stepped blocks 246, a rectangular block 248, and a rectangular block 290 with bolted extensions 291 and 292 of the edge girdle. The bolt extensions of the edge belt act in conjunction with the extension 28 of the edge belt of the step block 246 and form the key and bolt support part of the twin modular section 440 of the truss truss. This compound is shown in perspective in FIG. 28

According to one embodiment, at least two basic methods of combining building modular sections are used to form completed building structures. One of the methods in accordance with FIG. 18 and 32B is that basic modular sections such as 70 and 450 are supported by separate blocks or modular sections 15 or 440 of the roof. The second method is that the end blocks 400 and 409 according to FIG. 21E and 211 are installed between the main modules and are supported on them, and carry a number of frame blocks of the roof closer to each other — FIG. 33Ό and 35B.

Wall blocks

FIG. 23A shows a framed wall block 460 with a metal wall frame of light gauge, an inner surface 462 and an outer surface 461. The metal wall blocks on both sides of the block have trimmed surfaces and panel rigidity due to the stressed shell for transporting the block. In the design, which usually pays great attention to the maximum possible use of materials, the use of metal panels on both sides of the wall element in industrial construction is not obvious. The use of the inner shell provides a significant advantage by creating a panel with a strained shell that is structurally redundant and has sufficient durability to withstand the lifting and transportation forces applied to the unit and direct the reactions back to individual and simple connections, thereby ensuring convenience and speed of assembly and disassembly. This feature provides the possibility of complete reuse of buildings without demolishing demolished buildings, and also provides the ability to quickly install high-quality buildings in the right location - as in the case of building shelters in emergency situations. FIG. 23B is an inside view of the wall block shown in FIG. 23 A.

FIG. 23 C shows the appearance of the three options for prefabricated wall blocks. FIG. 23Ό shows a view from the inside of the same three blocks. These blocks have protrusions 473 for interlocking with the beam elements of the BabbeTosc frame. According to another embodiment, the key interlocking interlocking connections are not provided instead of bolted flange connections using Babbetkos sleeves.

FIG. 23E shows the hinged wall blocks 475. FIG. 24A shows an inside view of the frame 465 of another embodiment of the frame wall block 464. The frame comprises bent flat clips 466, which typically fasten the beams of the box-like column. FIG. 24B shows the frame wall block according to FIG. 24A with internal and external metal shells installed.

FIG. 25A is a perspective view of an assembled wall block on open box columns. Wall block 464 can be hung on transverse beams 32 babet Vosk 248 — part of an open box-shaped column 451. FIG. 25B shows this suspension connection in detail. Heavy prefab

- 8 006995 wall blocks and frame wall blocks, the upward movement of which is limited to roof elements for connection to the basic structure, can be limited only to interlocking, but wall blocks that do not meet these criteria should be bolted to the supporting structure to ensure stability when exposed to strong wind loads.

Roof blocks

FIG. 26A is a plan view of precast blocks 480 and 482. FIG. 26B shows a bottom view of the same blocks, and shows a conical beam 481 — upward tilting of the beam 484. These beams serve as a support for the auxiliary beams 483 and rest on the beams of the modular section Babet V1os on the supporting parts 485. In most applications, the mass and interlocking of the prefabricated roof blocks provide The supporting structure is sufficiently connected, and therefore mechanical connectors may not be necessary.

FIG. 27A is a perspective view of a steel frame 492 for a roof frame unit 490. For these lighter blocks, bolted connecting clamps 493 are required to withstand upward wind pressure; these clamps are shown projecting from the lower side of the frame shown in FIG. 27A. FIG. 27B is a perspective view of a frame frame 490 of a roof with mounted metal panels. As with frame wall units such as 460, roof frame units 490 typically contain an inner and outer structural shell to allow the unit to be lifted and transported. FIG. 27C shows in detail the bolted connecting clip B, and FIG. 27Ό shows a bottom view of the completed roof block 490.

FIG. 28 illustrates installation of a roof unit 490 on an asymmetric column 450 shown in FIG. 22B. The roof block is mounted on the upper beams 34 of the stepped block 246 by means of bolted connecting clamps 493.

Overlap blocks

FIG. 29A shows an assembly of two box-shaped columns 70 with bolted-in bolts 76 carrying support floor blocks 496, which in turn carry frame floor blocks 494. Bolted nuts 76 are shown in detail in FIG. 33B.

FIG. 29B three box-shaped columns 74 with protrusions are shown, each of which consists of a pair of blocks 232 and a pair of rectangular blocks 10. Two mutually blocking internal spans of the assembly overlapping block 486 and one assembly overlapping overlapping block 488 are supported on the box-shaped columns having protrusions. FIG. 29C is a plan view of these two blocks of overlap, and FIG. 29Ό shows the bottom view of the same blocks. The configuration of the beam on the underside of these precast ceiling blocks forms slots 489 for supporting the cantilevered beam extension of the blocks 232.

FIG. 30A shows an exploded view of a triple assembly of a prefab overlap unit consisting of an indoor unit 500, a filling frame 506 and a filling bar 504. FIG. 30B shows a bottom view of this assembly of finished components mounted on the stepped blocks 510.

Installation of modular sections

Upon completion of their concreting, the blocks are left to withstand, so that the concrete acquires the necessary strength that withstands the lifting and transporting forces. The initial lifting operation must overcome the suction and / or binding forces acting on the lower surface of the concreting element. Stripping effort can be the most severe load a unit will ever be subjected to. For blocks that are too thin for separation, without damaging it, from the upper lifting sleeves (Fig. 2A), demolding can be performed by means of a supporting crosspiece (Fig. 2B), which simultaneously rises from several of the sleeves of belts. After the block is separated from the concrete laying surface, which is usually a concreting slab or a stacking concreting element below it, it is raised to a vertical position with the help of a crane equipment, which uses liners cast in the element as lifting points. For thinner blocks, it may be necessary to use a supporting crosshead, or they can be connected mutually with one or several perpendicular blocks that are still lying flat.

A stiffened structure formed by interconnected blocks will be easier to assemble. The risk of damage due to lifting stresses is reduced, and it is more likely that this building site will be autonomously stable, without the need to provide temporary connections. The weight of the exemplary embodiment is about 3,500 pounds, the four-block box column weighs 7 tons, and therefore only a light crane is needed to lift these elements.

After its rise: the block or assembly is installed in the position assigned to them. FIG. 11 shows the main connections on the slab 50, which may be pre-set anchor bolts either drilled or made of epoxy resin or threaded rods attached to the mortar, passing through the base sleeves 103 and tightened with nuts in combination with large washers or load distribution plates. The installed block, not assembled into the building modular section, can be temporarily tied with diagonal braces,

- 9 006995 perpendicular to the surface of the block, intermediate connection with other stable blocks; but the preferred method of construction with this system will be to assemble several blocks into autonomous stable modular sections before lifting. If necessary, temporary braces can be connected to the plate through modular sleeves and temporary anchors. The final construction will usually use interconnected assemblies of perpendicular blocks or cross-links through secondary elements 52. The interconnection of the blocks is accomplished with washers and nuts together with standard-length threaded rods that pass through modular connecting sleeves. Secondary elements, such as horizontal wall elements, roof girders, or various frameworks, can likewise be connected in modular connection sleeves. In a building with wall blocks, floor blocks and roof blocks according to this system, both horizontal elements and roof girders are replaced by building blocks that are made at ground level, are lifted to the desired position with a light crane and are connected to the building frame, are means of mutual blocking or simple bolted or mutually blocking connections.

This system is designed to distribute forces over a relatively large area of the base of the building assembly and to perceive forces from many sources at the top of the assembly, such as the roof frame and the bridge crane rail on a single box column assembly, while providing an element with inherent horizontal stability and potential flexible range of secondary functionality. For example, blocks can carry intermediate floors or industrial shelving, and closed sections of box columns can have storage, technical rooms, rest rooms, elevators, or other functional rooms of a given building.

Load capacity

The Bubbet Vosk construction system is designed for the economical construction of structures capable of reliably carrying loads that are much stronger than those for which most conventional building systems are designed. During construction, in order to ensure structural strength, considerably exceeding the strength, which can withstand minimal loads in accordance with building standards, new possibilities are created in terms of the functionality and versatility of the erected structure.

Buildings constructed with the help of this building system can, as a rule, bear significant overlapping loads, be a support for heavy hinged-panel moving walls; provide support for the lifting mechanisms and carry future levels of floor structures without modifying the original structure. This reserve structural strength is provided in an economical manner by directly producing multiple identical pre-designed and calculated blocks on the ground.

Stability and speed of construction

Despite the fact that the blocks can be combined in a variety of configurations, the main method used in this building system is the interconnection of the manufactured blocks to form autonomously stable building modular sections; These modular sections usually form three-dimensional multi-sided frames. Prefabricated units are usually open frames with rigid connections at the intersection of the elements. They are made of building materials of such construction quality as concrete; reinforced, for example, with reinforcing bars, as indicated in the technical calculation for this application. Prefabricated and frame blocks are made with the possibility of their convenient interconnection for the formation of autonomously stable building modular sections. This enables the construction of building modular sections, which can be installed in the desired position with a light crane and immediately leave them in place, without the need to install temporary horizontal connections before removing the cables - in contrast to the construction practice using the method of using large wall panels made at the construction site building. This feature allows more efficient use of expensive crane operation time; The crane can continue the assembly of the structure, if there is no need to stabilize the initially unstable parts, while for them perform the connection. Autonomous construction base modular sections, after their installation on site and anchor fastening, withstand the load of gravity, and horizontal loads with an open, but stable and structurally redundant frame.

Safety in construction

Autonomous base modular sections are usually interconnected with the roof and / or ceiling structure, which usually consists of other pre-assembled modular sections, which themselves are autonomously stable. Standalone modular sections effectively create large-scale building blocks that can be mounted and that will remain stable without the need for temporary support struts or ties — as opposed to conventional construction, which depends on creating diagonal braces or stiffening walls for horizontal stability. During the construction of large, autonomously stable blocks made of interconnected finished parts, the course of construction work is much faster and safer. Behind

- 10 006995, by eliminating the need for horizontal links and temporary support posts, the construction site can be freed from the obstacles that cause many accidents. Since bccab parts are made on the ground and, as a rule, they can be joined into modular sections on the ground, so work at height and the corresponding risk of falling are minimized. The constructive redundancy provided by the construction with the help of autonomous stable blocks will also significantly improve the characteristics of the entire structure if it is subjected to an overload that initiates the collapse; at the same time, redundancy is the best guarantee that a consistent and complete collapse of the building will not occur.

Distribution of core forces

In contrast to conventional construction methods aimed at preserving the largest possible usable area, the proposed system deliberately distributes these forces across a broad base to minimize the stresses affecting the bearing surface. Due to the fact that this base is so wide that the volume enclosed by the building element is itself a useful space, this constructional advantage also offers functional advantages.

The wide distribution of the main forces and, due to this circumstance, a decrease in the values of pressure on the base, usually provides the building modular section Bubet Vosc with the ability to directly rest on the slab on the ground, which is stiffened, when special and expensive foundations are usually required for the same allowable load. As the building grows taller, it must withstand ever-increasing wind loads and forces creating shear and tilting moments at the base of the structure. Since these tilting moments are also distributed over a wide base, therefore for tilting resistance at the base of the building modular section BabetVosc, the bottom connections that are necessary for this may be easier and less expensive than would otherwise be necessary. If the supported structure has sufficient weight and is not subjected to seismic loads, then the connections connecting the bottom may not be required at all. The selection of the abbetus components from which the structure is constructed, the calculation of the load lines and the decisions regarding the requirements for the connections from below are determined by calculating the entire structure for a given application.

The supporting surface, to which the building modular section is connected to the bottom, may consist of the lower layer of the structure or of a concrete slab, which is stiffened. In the construction of low weight and low height, the supporting surface can consist only of a flat ground, with compacted backfilling with soil, or with natural soil having adequate strength and stability.

Block assemblies can be used for functions other than the functions of the primary building system for a given building. Beam elements 75 and 76 between block columns, paired or single blocks can be used as a support for intermediate space levels or for large industrial racks, as shown in FIG. 17. A vertical shaft in an appropriately sized box-shaped column 70 can be used as a framework for an elevator, as multi-level storage rooms that can be loaded with a forklift, or as a chamber for mechanical, electrical or plumbing systems. In addition, the units of the blocks can provide the required structural bearing capacity as a support for bridge cranes, switch winches and other lifting equipment, without the need for additional construction.

Bearing frame structures and bearing shells

FIG. 18 shows an example of a completed primary frame structure constructed using the system described herein. In this example, the trusses 15 are supported on a plurality of box-shaped columns 70. Additional elements such as wall blocks and roof blocks can be attached to the supporting frame structure.

FIG. 19 shows the frame structure according to FIG. 18, on which the secondary frame is supported in the form of roof runs 18 and wall horizontal connections 19 prior to the installation of the remaining secondary frames and the outer shell of the building envelope, completing the building envelope.

FIG. 31Ά-31Ό shows the assembly sequence of the surrounding carrier shell. In this example, the three modular sections 520 shown in FIG. 31Ά, mounted on a support surface, for example, on a compacted backfill site. Each of these modular sections 520 consists of step blocks 244 and two rectangular blocks 243 and 245. The blocks are stable and, when installed in the desired position, are self-supported, and are ready to accept overlapping blocks 494 and 496, shown in FIG. 31B, and wall blocks 522, 524, and 526 are shown at 31 C, and roof blocks 528 and 529 are shown in FIG. 31Ό.

Another example is shown in FIG. 32Ά-32Ό. In this example, the six modular sections 450 are installed in such a way that they partially hang down further on the plates 540. FIG. 32B, suspended ceiling blocks 541 are shown for approaching the building and paired modular sections 440 of truss trusses prior to installation of wall blocks and roof blocks. FIG. 32C shows installed wall blocks 542 and

- 11 006995

543, ribbon window units 544, wall end blocks 545, and sliding door blocks 546. FIG. 32Ό shows the built-up bearing envelope, completed by the installation of roof blocks 550.

FIG. 33A-33E show the load-bearing shell of an open industrial building constructed by means of box-shaped columns 70, on which the two upper levels of frame floor blocks 494 are supported, and are shown passage floor blocks 495 for receiving stair structures 497. FIG. 33A shows installed box columns; in fig. 33B is a detailed view of bolted bolts; and in FIG. 33C, box columns 70 are shown on which the frame floor blocks 494 are supported. FIG. 33Ό shows a primary frame with solid cap units 408 carrying arched trusses 319 with a pull. FIG. 33E shows the nearly completed construction after the installation of prefabricated wall blocks 552, metal wall racks 554 and metal roof 558.

FIG. 34 A and 34B show another example of a multi-level supporting shell comprising a slab 540, box columns 70 and tabs having box columns of different heights 560, 562 and 564. Modular sections 486 and 488 of the ceiling and head blocks 409 rest on these box columns. the columns also rely hinged wall blocks 475.

FIG. 35Λ-35Ω shows another example of a carrier shell. In this example, boxed pillars 70 and asymmetrical passable boxed pillars 580 are provided. Passable boxed pillars 580 provide a passage for access to the inside of the boxed pillar to use this space. The cap elements 400 and the corner cap elements 410 are used as a support for roof trusses 319. Asymmetrical box-shaped columns 580 support the concrete blocks 480 and 482 of the roof and provide a fireproof structure with a low roof. The top roof according to FIG. 35Ό consists of frame blocks 490 of the roof and blocks 499 of a wall with ribbon windows.

Claims (62)

1. A flat prefabricated building block for transferring load to a supporting surface, comprising a substantially vertical first edge belt and a second edge belt located at a distance from the first edge belt, each edge belt having a first end with a base surface, the base surface configured to transfer the load from the edge zone to the abutment surface, the second end, the first surface in the same plane as the first surface of the other edge belt, the second surface in the same the same as the second surface of the other edge zone, and at least one surface facing away from the other edge zone, and at least one surface facing the other edge zone; an upper support beam located between the second end of the first edge zone and the second end of the second edge zone, the upper support beam being configured to transfer load to the first edge zone and the second edge zone; at least one transverse beam connecting the part of the first edge zone with the second edge zone, and at least one connecting means of the block, made in one piece with the first edge zone; moreover, the second building block is made with the possibility of attachment to the first regional zone. 2. The building block according to claim 1, in which the transverse beam is a base beam located between the first end of the first edge zone and the first edge of the second edge zone, and the base beam has a surface in the same plane as the base surfaces of the first and second edge zones . 3. The building block according to claim 2, which further comprises at least one cantilever beam extension of the base beam, the base beam extending beyond the edge zone. 4. The building block according to claim 2, which further comprises a second transverse beam located between the base beam and the upper beam; and a substantially vertical intermediate belt located between the first edge belt and the second edge belt, the intermediate belt connecting a part of the second transverse beam to a part of the base beam. 5. The building block according to claim 1, in which the supporting surface is selected from the group consisting of a base plate, a solid foundation, several massive foundations, a base, several bases, a building block, a structural modular section and a ground surface. 6. The building block according to claim 1, in which the upper beam has at least one cantilever beam extension, the upper beam extending beyond the edge zone. 7. The building block according to claim 1, which further comprises at least two intermediate transverse beams located between the first and second ends of the first and second edge zones, each intermediate transverse beam connecting a part of the first edge zone to the second edge zone. - 12 006995 8. The building block according to claim 7, in which at least one intermediate transverse beam has at least one beam cantilever extension, wherein the intermediate transverse beam extends beyond the edge zone. 9. The building block according to claim 1, in which the second edge zone is parallel to the first edge zone; and the upper support beam is perpendicular to the first edge zone and the second edge zone, the building block being a rectangular building block. 10. The building block according to claim 1, in which the connecting means is selected from the group consisting of sleeve connectors, keyways, geometric interlocks and articulated joints. 11. The building block according to claim 1, in which the connecting means is a biaxial sleeve connector. 12. The building block according to claim 11, which contains the first biaxial sleeve connector on the first edge zone, and the second biaxial sleeve connector on the second edge zone. 13. The building block according to item 12, in which the second biaxial sleeve connector is oriented asymmetrically with respect to the first biaxial sleeve connector. 14. The building block according to item 12, in which the second biaxial sleeve connector is oriented symmetrically with respect to the first biaxial sleeve connector. 15. The building block according to claim 1, which further comprises at least one planar external cantilever extension from the third surface of the edge zone. 16. The building block according to clause 15, in which the extension is offset from the supporting surface. 17. The building block according to claim 1, in which the first edge zone contains a first outer edge surface facing away from the other edge zone and a second outer edge surface facing away from the other edge zone. 18. The building block according to claim 1, in which the first edge zone contains an extension of the upper beam. 19. The building block according to claim 1, which further comprises at least one diagonal brace located between the first edge zone and the second edge zone. 20. A prefabricated building block for transferring load to a support surface, comprising a substantially vertical first edge belt and a second edge belt located at a distance from the first edge belt, with each edge belt having a first end with a base surface, the base surface transferring the load from the edge belt to the abutment surface, the second end, the first surface in the same plane as the first surface of the other edge belt, the second surface in the same plane as the second surface th edge zone, at least one surface facing away from another edge zone, and at least one surface facing another edge zone; essentially a vertical intermediate belt located between the first edge zone and the second edge zone, and the intermediate belt contains a first end with a base surface, and the base surface transfers the load from the intermediate belt to the supporting surface, the second end, the first surface in the same plane as and the first surfaces of the first and second edge zones; the first upper support beam between the second end of the first edge zone and the second end of the intermediate belt, and the upper support beam is configured to transfer the load to the first edge zone and to the intermediate belt; a second upper support beam between the second end of the second edge belt and the second end of the intermediate belt, the upper support beam being configured to transfer load to the second edge belt and to the intermediate belt; a first transverse beam, the first transverse beam connecting a part of the first edge zone to the intermediate belt, and at least one connecting means of the block, made in one piece with the first edge belt, and the second building block is made with the possibility of its attachment to the first edge zone. 21. The building block according to claim 20, in which the first transverse beam and the second transverse beam comprise a base beam between the first end of the first edge zone and the first end of the second edge zone, the base beam having a surface in the same plane as the base surfaces of the first and second marginal zones. - 13 006995 22. The building block according to item 21, which contains at least one cantilever beam extension of the base beam; moreover, the base beam passes beyond the edge belt. 23. The building block according to claim 20, in which the supporting surface is selected from the group consisting of a foundation slab, a solid foundation, several massive foundations, a base, several bases, a building block, a building modular section and a ground surface. 24. The building block according to claim 20, in which the first upper beam has a cantilever beam extension, the first upper beam continuing beyond the first edge zone. 25. The building block according to claim 20, in which the second upper beam has a cantilever beam extension, and the second upper beam continues beyond the second edge zone. 26. The building block according to claim 20, which further comprises a second transverse beam, the second transverse beam connecting a portion of the second edge zone to the intermediate belt. 27. The building block according to claim 20, which further comprises at least one intermediate transverse beam located between the first and second ends of the first edge belt and the intermediate belt, the intermediate beam connecting a portion of the first edge belt to the intermediate belt. 28. The building block according to item 27, in which the intermediate transverse beam has at least one cantilever beam extension, and the intermediate beam continues beyond the edge zone. 29. The building block according to claim 20, in which the connecting means is selected from the group consisting of sleeve connectors, keyway connectors, geometric interlocks and articulated connectors. 30. The building block according to claim 20, in which the connecting means is made in the form of a biaxial sleeve connector. 31. The building block according to item 30, which further comprises a first biaxial connector on the first edge zone and a second biaxial sleeve connector on the second edge zone. 32. The building block according to claim 20, which further comprises at least one planar outwardly extending cantilever extension from the third surface of the edge zone. 33. The building block according to p, in which the extension is offset from the supporting surface. 34. A connected pair of prefabricated building blocks, comprising a first planar prefabricated building block and a second planar prefabricated building block; each block contains a substantially vertical first boundary belt and a second boundary belt located at a distance from the first edge zone, with each edge belt containing a first surface in the same plane as the first surface of the other edge belt, a second surface in that the same plane as the second surface of the other edge zone, the third surface perpendicular to the first surface and the second surface and facing away from the other edge zone, and at least one surface facing other corner margin; at least two beams are located between the first edge zone and the second edge zone; moreover, the third surface of the first beam of the first block is attached to the first surface of the second beam of the second block to create an L-shaped pair of blocks. 35. A connected pair of prefabricated building blocks according to clause 34, in which the blocks are attached via threaded connectors placed through sleeves of biaxial sleeve connectors. 36. A joined pair of prefabricated building blocks according to clause 34, which further comprises a third planar prefabricated building block, comprising a substantially vertical first first regional belt and a second regional belt located at a distance from the first regional belt, with each regional belt containing a first surface in the same plane as the first surface of the other margin, the second surface in the same plane as the second surface of the other margin, the third surface perpendicular to the first surface and Torah surface and facing away from the other edge zone, and wherein at least one surface facing toward the other edge zone; at least two beams are located between the first edge zone and the second edge zone; moreover, the second surface of the second beam of the first block is attached to the third surface of the first beam of the third block, thereby forming a ribbed wall section. 37. A coupled pair of prefabricated building blocks according to clause 34, which further comprises a third planar prefabricated building block containing a substantially vertical first first regional belt and a second regional belt separated by an interval from the first regional belt, wherein each regional belt contains a first surface in the same plane as the first surface of another edge zone, the second surface in the same plane as the second surface of another edge zone, - 14 006995 a third surface perpendicular to the first surface and the second surface and facing away from the other edge zone, and at least one surface facing the other edge zone; at least two beams between the first edge zone and the second edge zone; moreover, the third surface of the first beam of the second block is attached to the first surface of the second beam of the third block to form an open box-shaped column. 38. A connected pair of prefabricated building blocks according to clause 34, which further comprises a fourth planar prefabricated building block containing a substantially vertical first first regional belt and a second regional belt located at a distance from the first regional belt, with each regional belt containing a first surface in the same plane as the first surface of the other margin, the second surface in the same plane as the second surface of the other margin, the third surface perpendicular to the first surface and a second surface and facing away from the other edge zone, wherein at least one surface facing toward the other edge zone; at least two beams between the first edge zone and the second edge zone; moreover, the third surface of the first beam of the third block is attached to the first surface of the second beam of the fourth block, and the third surface of the first beam of the fourth block is attached to the first surface of the second beam of the first block to form a square box-shaped column. 39. A coupled pair of prefabricated building blocks, comprising a first planar prefabricated building block and a second planar prefabricated building block, each block comprising a substantially vertical first first regional belt and a second regional belt located at a distance from the first regional belt, with each regional belt contains the first surface in the same plane as the first surface of the other margin, the second surface in the same plane as the second surface of the other margin, the third surface, per perpendicular to the first surface and the second surface and facing away from the other edge zone, at least one surface facing away from the other edge zone; at least two beams are located between the first edge zone and the second edge zone; moreover, the third surface of the first beam of the first block is attached to the third surface of the first beam of the second block to form a plane pair of blocks. 40. A connected pair of prefabricated building blocks according to § 39, which further comprises a third planar prefabricated building block comprising a substantially vertical first first regional belt and a second regional belt located at a distance from the first regional belt, wherein each regional belt contains a first surface in the same plane as the first surface of the other margin, the second surface in the same plane as the second surface of the other margin, the third surface perpendicular to the first surface and Torah surface and facing away from the other edge zone, wherein at least one surface facing toward the other edge zone; at least two beams are located between the first edge zone and the second edge zone; moreover, the third surface of the second beam of the first block is attached to the third surface of the second beam of the third block to form a flat wall section. 41. The flat wall section of claim 40, which further comprises a fourth planar prefabricated building block, comprising a substantially vertical first edge belt and a second edge zone located at a distance from the first edge zone, with each edge zone containing a first surface in that the same plane as the first surface of the other edge zone, the second surface in the same plane as the second surface of the other edge zone, the third surface perpendicular to the first surface and second surface and facing away from another edge zone, wherein at least one surface faces another edge zone; at least two beams are located between the first edge zone and the second edge zone, the third surface of the first beam of the fourth block being attached to the first surface of the first beam of the first block to form a pilaster wall section. 42. A connected pair of prefabricated building blocks according to claim 40, which further comprises a plurality of other building blocks, each block comprising a substantially vertical first edge zone and a second edge zone located at a distance from the first edge zone, each edge zone comprising - 15 006995 the first surface in the same plane as the first surface of the other edge zone, the second surface in the same plane as the second surface of the other edge zone, the third surface perpendicular to the first surface and the second surface, and facing away from the other edge zone with at least one surface facing another edge zone; at least two beams are located between the first edge zone and the second edge zone; moreover, the first block, the second block, the third block and many other building blocks, each of them, connected to at least one other block, thereby forming a common outer wall. 43. An asymmetric modular section comprising a first planar prefabricated building block and a second planar prefabricated building block, each block comprising a substantially vertical first first regional belt and a second regional belt located at a distance from the first regional belt, wherein each regional belt contains the first surface in the same plane as the first surface of the other margin, the second surface in the same plane as the second surface of the other margin, the third surface is perpendicular nd to the first surface and the second surface and facing away from the other edge zone, wherein at least one surface facing toward the other edge zone; a substantially vertical intermediate belt located between the first edge belt and the second edge belt, at least two beams are located between the first edge belt and the intermediate belt, and at least two beams are located between the second edge belt and the intermediate belt, the first connecting element between the first the edge zone of the first block and the first edge zone of the first block; and a second connecting element between the second edge zone of the first block and the second edge zone of the first block. 44. Asymmetric modular section according to item 43, in which the first connecting element is a prefabricated building block; and the second connecting element is a prefabricated building block. 45. An asymmetric modular section of a truss truss containing a first planar precast building block and a second planar precast building block, each block comprising an upper beam, a base beam, a plurality of belts between the upper beam and the base beam and a plurality of structural connecting elements located between the belts of the first block and belts of the second block. 46. A building frame comprising a plurality of autonomously stable building modular sections, each building modular section comprising a first planar prefabricated building block located at a distance from the second planar prefabricated building block, each block containing a substantially vertical first boundary belt, second boundary belt located at a distance from the first edge zone, at least two beams placed between the first edge zone and the second edge zone; at least one building element connecting the first block to the second block; and a plurality of connecting elements connecting each building modular section with at least one other building modular section. 47. The building frame of claim 46, wherein the building element of the at least one building modular section is a third block; moreover, the third block is attached perpendicular to the first block and the second block, thereby forming a box-shaped column with open sides. 48. The building frame according to item 46, in which at least one building modular section contains a third block and a fourth block; moreover, the third block and the fourth block are attached perpendicular to the first block and the second block, thereby forming a box-shaped column with open sides. 49. The building frame of claim 46, wherein the at least one building modular section comprises a first block that is beveled with respect to the second block. 50. The building frame of claim 46, further comprising a plurality of building modular sections mounted on a support surface in a radial orientation, at least partially describing a center point on the support surface; in which each building modular section contains - 16 006995 a first planar prefabricated building block located at a distance from the second planar prefabricated building block, wherein each block comprises a substantially vertical first first regional belt, a second regional belt located at a distance from the first regional belt, at least two beams, located between the first edge zone and the second edge zone, the first building element connecting the first block to the second block, and the second building element connecting the first block to the second block; moreover, the first building element is located closer to the center point on the supporting surface than the second building element, and the first building element is narrower than the second building element. 51. The building frame according to item 46, in which at least one structural modular section contains a first block attached to the structural element by at least one connecting means mounted through sleeves located on one straight line made in the first block and structural element. 52. The building frame of claim 51, wherein the connecting means is a biaxial sleeve. 53. The building frame according to paragraph 52, in which the connecting means is a geometric deadlock. 54. The building frame according to item 46, which further comprises a plurality of wall blocks, based on at least part of the modular sections. 55. The building frame according to item 54, which further comprises a plurality of floor blocks, based on at least part of the modular sections. 56. The building frame according to item 54, in which at least two modular sections are protruding box-shaped columns, on which the floor blocks are supported. 57. The building frame of claim 56, further comprising a plurality of roof support elements that rest on a portion of the modular sections and a plurality of roof blocks that rely on the roof support elements. 58. A method of stacking concreting for forming reinforced concrete building blocks, in which the first block is concreted flat on an existing surface for implementation, formwork lubricant is applied to the surface for concreting, the formwork is temporarily fixed on the surface for concreting, and the block is concreted in flat orientation, install the reinforcement in the formwork formwork, lay wet concrete in the formwork for casting the first block; leaving the first block to partially withstand it; remove the formwork from the first block; the second block is concreted on top of the first block by applying formwork lubricant to the first modular section, the formwork is temporarily fixed on the first block, while the second block is concreted in a flat orientation, the reinforcement is installed in the formwork, the wet concrete is laid into the formwork for casting the second block. 59. The method of claim 58, wherein the step of temporarily securing the open formwork formwork on the concreting surface further includes the steps of temporarily securing the first formwork element to the surface for concreting; the installation of many biaxial connecting sleeves in the formwork, and the sleeves provide passes through the block after concreting; attaching the second formwork element at the required distance from the first formwork element by placing the threaded rod through the first formwork element, through the connecting sleeve and through the second formwork element, the threaded rod having a first end and a second end; placing the temporary first fixing means on the threaded rod near the first end and placing the temporary second fixing means on the threaded rod near the second end, the first and second fixing means holding the first and second formwork elements opposite the connecting sleeve. 60. The method according to § 58, wherein the step of installing the reinforcement in the formwork further includes the steps of installing a plurality of biaxial connecting sleeves in the forming formwork, wherein the sleeves provide passes through the block after concreting; and attach the reinforcing elements to the biaxial connecting sleeves. 61. The method according to p, in which additionally remove the second formwork; raise the second block; and - 17 006995 attach the second block to the first block, while the first block is on the surface for concreting; and raise the coupled pair of the first block and the second block. 62. The method according to 61, which further includes the steps of attaching the third block to the first block, the first block being on the surface for concreting; and raise the connected first block, second block and third block.