EA005174B1 - Formwork for precast concrete panels - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A formwork for precast concrete panel comprising of a quadrangle panel with a base and four side panels characterized in that the formwork (10) comprises of a base (14) which is provided with an island region (20) and/or a mound region (22), a pair of parallel fixed spaced apart side panels (16) and a pair of parallel moveable side panels (18), wherein said island region (20) and/or mound region (22) is positioned between the parallel moveable paced apart side panels (18) and wherein said parallel moveable spaced apart side panel (18) are removeably secured to the parallel fixed spaced apart side panels (16) in a tight manner in any desired distance from the center of the island (20) and/or mound (22) region. 2. A formwork as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the parallel moveable spaced apart side panel (18) is slideable against the pair of parallel fixed spaced apart side panel (16). 3. A formwork as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the parallel moveable spaced apart side panels (18) are secured to the parallel fixed spaced apart (16) side panels at pre-determined discrete distance from the center of the mould. 4. A formwork as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the parallel moveable spaced apart side panels (18) are positionable to a predetermined distance apart and wherein the same formwork (10) with an island region (20) and/or mound region (22) is usable for constructing precast concrete panels of different pre-determined widths. 5. A formwork as claimed in Claim 1, wherein at least one of the pair of the parallel moveable spaced apart side panel (18) includes a longitudinal ledge (26) such that the therein-casted panel would include a longitudinal channel (34) corresponding to the longitudinal ledge (26). 6. A formwork as claimed in Claim 1 wherein at least one of the pair of parallel fixed spaced apart side panels (16) includes at least one aperture (24) to receive at least one reinforcement member. 7. A formwork as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the peripheral side of the island region (20) includes a patterned edge. 8. A formwork as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the peripheral side of the mound region (22) includes a patterned surface. 9. A formwork as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the mound region (22) optionally includes a mould of any desired impressions. 10. A formwork as claimed in Claim 1, wherein a subsidiary formwork (12) is assembled thereon to the formwork (10) in which the subsidiary formwork comprises of a pair of longitudinal spaced apart panels (28) across the pair of parallel fixed spaced apart side panels (16) wherein the inner sides of the longitudinal spaced apart panel (28) form the sides of a mould and the upper surface of the concrete in the formwork (10) forms the base of the mould, said mould is designed to receive concrete such that on setting, a projecting edge (30) is formed. 11. A formwork as claimed in Claim 10, wherein the subsidiary formwork (12) is positionable at any point along the parallel fixed spaced apart side panels (16). 12. A formwork as claimed in Claim 10, wherein in the subsidiary formwork (12), the distance apart between each member of the set of longitudinal spaced apart panel (28) is variable such that the casted longitudinal ledge (30) is of variable pre-determined width. 13. A formwork as claimed in Claim 10, wherein a longitudinal channel (32) is accommodated within the subsidiary formwork (12) such that the therein, casted projecting ledge (30) includes a longitudinal channel (32).

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to formwork for precast concrete panels used in construction. More specifically, the present invention relates to adjustable formwork for the manufacture of reinforced concrete panels that have an opening or a section with a recess. More specifically, the present invention relates to small-sized formwork of small mass for precast concrete panels.

State of the art

Numerous methods are known for manufacturing prefabricated reinforced concrete structures for the construction of engineering structures, such as houses, office buildings, or other reinforced concrete structures. The most famous prefabricated reinforced concrete structures are columns and beams made at the factory and later delivered to the construction site.

The place for the manufacture of precast concrete panels is usually remote from the construction site, and therefore, the transportation of said precast concrete structures is expensive because it requires powerful vehicles. In addition, the high cost of transportation is one of the reasons why precast concrete structures are not very popular in the construction industry.

Typically, each section of a building consists of structural panels of different sizes, which have different widths, heights and thicknesses. If precast concrete panels are used, preparing different castings for each type of panel used in the building can be expensive and time consuming.

US Pat. No. 5,219,473 discloses a casting method for a precast beam using a formwork with at least two spatially oriented upper arms and two spatially oriented lower arms, between which a connecting member is provided. The length and height of the precast beam is determined by the size of the connecting element, which is preferably wood. One drawback of this invention is that when casting each new beam, a new connecting element is required. This method becomes inconvenient because it requires a place to store the connecting elements.

The purpose of the present invention is to eliminate the above disadvantages by offering small-sized formwork of small mass, which is easily transported to a construction site with minimal transportation costs.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide a longitudinal groove of sufficient thickness at the edges of the precast concrete panel, but to reduce the thickness of the central portion of the precast concrete panel.

Another objective of the present invention is to propose a universal formwork, when the same formwork can be used for casting reinforced concrete panels of various sizes without making changes to it.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide a precast concrete panel with an aesthetic opening for installing a window or the like.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Formwork for precast concrete panels contains a quadrangular panel with a base and four side panels. The formwork contains a base that has a separate section and / or elevated section, two parallel, fixed spaced apart side panels and two parallel movable side panels. A separate portion and / or an elevated portion is located between parallel, movable spaced apart side panels, and said parallel, movable spaced side panels are rigidly removably attached to the parallel, fixed spaced apart side panels at any desired distance from the center of the detached and / or elevated portion.

Parallel movable spaced side panels may slide relative to two parallel fixed spaced side panels. Parallel movable spaced side panels are attached to parallel fixed spaced side panels at a predetermined distance from the center of the casting. Parallel movable spaced side panels are located at a predetermined distance from one another, and the same formwork with a separate section and / or elevated section can be used for the manufacture of precast concrete panels of various predetermined widths.

The parallel movable spaced side panel comprises a longitudinal protrusion, so that the molded panel will have a longitudinal groove corresponding to the longitudinal protrusion. At least one of the two parallel fixed spaced apart side panels comprises at least one opening for accommodating at least one reinforcing element. On the peripheral side of the isolated section there is a contoured edge. On the peripheral side of the elevated area there is a contoured surface. The elevated portion may optionally contain a mold for casting of any desired configuration.

An auxiliary formwork is assembled on the formwork, which contains two longitudinal spaced panels across two parallel fixed spaced side panels of the main formwork. The inner sides of the longitudinal spaced panels form the sides of the injection mold, and the upper surface of the concrete in the formwork forms the base of the injection mold, said injection mold being designed for pouring concrete and a protruding edge is formed when the concrete hardens. Auxiliary formwork may be located at any point on parallel, fixed spaced apart side panels. The distance between each element of said longitudinal spaced panel may vary, so that the molded longitudinal protrusion may have a different, predetermined width. The longitudinal groove is placed in the auxiliary formwork, so that the protruding edge (30) cast in it has a longitudinal groove.

Brief Description of the Drawings

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a present embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a parallel movable spaced side panel;

FIG. 3 is a top view, as well as a side and front view in cross section of a finished precast concrete panel;

in FIG. 4A-4O show the sequence of forming the base in cross sections;

in FIG. 5 - various designs of precast concrete panels cast in different types of molds;

in FIG. 6 - various types of prefabricated reinforced concrete panels of various widths made using the same shape;

in FIG. 6A - prefabricated reinforced concrete panels with additional T- and L-shaped joints and without them, made using the same shape;

in FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the auxiliary formwork shown in FIG. one;

in FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the formwork with auxiliary formwork for the T-joint;

in FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the formwork with auxiliary formwork for the b-shaped joint;

in FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an L-shaped auxiliary formwork of the present embodiment;

in FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a formwork equipped with an L-shaped auxiliary formwork;

in FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of means for fastening parallel fixed spaced apart side panels to a base;

in FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the formwork shown in FIG. 1, without auxiliary formwork;

in FIG. 14 is a side view of the fastening means of the parallel movable spaced side panels shown in FIG. 10;

in FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the formwork shown in FIG. thirteen.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention consists in the main formwork (10) and, optionally, in the auxiliary formwork (12). The main formwork (10) preferably comprises a quadrangular base (14), two parallel, fixed spaced side panels (16) (referred to below as fixed panels) and two parallel, movable spaced side panels (18) (referred to below as movable panels). The base (14), in addition, has a separate section (20) and / or an elevated section (22), preferably between the movable panels (18) (see Fig. 1).

Said fixed panels (16) are longitudinal structures. One side of said panels (16A) is adjacent to the upper part of the subsequently molded reinforced concrete panel, and their other side is adjacent to the lower part of the subsequently molded reinforced concrete panel (16B). The fixed panel (16) contains guides (15) along its length for receiving the movable panel (18). Said panel (16A) has at least one opening (24). The hole (24) is used to receive reinforcing rods.

Mentioned movable panels (18) are also longitudinal structures and can be located perpendicular to the fixed panels (16) on the same plane. At least one side of each of the movable panels (18) has a longitudinal protrusion (26) (see Fig. 2). When the panels (16, 18) are fixed to the base (14) and concrete is poured into the formwork, the longitudinal edge of the cast panel will have a longitudinal groove (34) corresponding to the mentioned longitudinal protrusion (26), after the concrete has hardened and parallel side panels (16) have been removed , 18) from the base (14) (see Fig. 3).

A separate section (20) is determined when, after casting, the precast concrete panel must have an opening. Such an opening can be used for ventilation or for installing a window or door frame, etc. The elevated section (22) is determined when, after casting, the thickness of the precast concrete panel with the provided elevated section is less than the thickness of the other sections of the precast concrete panel. This panel configuration allows you to maintain the structural strength of the panel, but the weight of the panel is significantly reduced without compromising structural strength.

The gypsum frame (50) is placed on a flat work platform (17) to form a rectangular fence (Fig. 4A and 4B). On the peripheral edge of the gypsum frame (50), borders (52) are stacked (see Fig. 4C). Said borders (52) are made of gypsum or any other suitable hardening material. It will be understood that a recess is created in the central part of the gypsum frame (50). Fiberglass or plastic material and borders (52) are placed in the enclosed area, and the structure is left to solidify (see FIG. 4Ό). After the fiberglass material has hardened, a fiberglass cast is formed. It will be understood that the metal frame (19) laminated with fiberglass is placed in the fiberglass casting until the gypsum frame (50) and the curbs (52) are removed (see Figs. 4E and 4B). Mentioned metal frame is designed to support fiberglass casting after removing the gypsum frame (50) and borders (52) (see Fig. 46).

The imprint of the proposed design of the window frame is molded from gypsum and placed in the center of the closed area, made as described above, and then fiberglass or plastic is introduced. It will be understood that a metal frame is introduced into the fiberglass casting, which is laminated with fiberglass, until the gypsum frame and borders are removed. The metal frame mentioned is intended to support fiberglass casting after removing the gypsum frame and borders.

It will be understood that the casting manufacturer will be able to produce a suitable casting for another desired design (FIGS. 5, 6, and 6 A).

In the present embodiment, the base (14) is made manually as a unit. It will be understood that for a larger project where a similar casting of a larger scale is required, a method for manufacturing said castings can be carried out using a plastic casting method.

Auxiliary formwork (12) contains two longitudinal parallel side panels (28). Said auxiliary formwork is placed on the molded main formwork to provide an adjacent protruding structure, such as a T-shaped or L-shaped joint, for connection with other precast concrete panels. Mentioned auxiliary formwork (12) can be installed at any point on parallel, fixed side panels (16). Auxiliary formwork (12) is installed on the main formwork when the concrete poured into the main formwork has fully or partially hardened. The longitudinal protrusion (30) is within two parallel side panels (28), since when the auxiliary formwork is installed and the concrete has hardened, the cast protruding structure will contain a longitudinal groove (32) corresponding to the longitudinal protrusion (30) (see Fig. 7 and 8). When the protruding structure should be located on the extreme edge of the panel, the movable panel (18) on the outside can be replaced by a panel (13), which is integrated with the movable panel (18) (see Fig. 9-11).

Now will be described the mechanism of operation of the present invention and its other features that have not been described previously. First, said base (14) is placed on a support structure (36), which is a substantially rigid flat surface (see FIGS. 8 and 9). This supporting structure is placed on a completely horizontal plane. Each of the fixed panels (16) is placed on the tongue and groove part (38) on the base (14) (see Fig. 12). The width of such a tongue-and-groove portion (38) is equal to the width of the fixed panels (16). On the supporting structure (36), restrictive means (40) are provided for fixing the fixed panels (16) to the base (14), as well as for fixing the base (14) to the supporting structure (36). Said restrictive means (40) is preferably a metal bar welded to the supporting structure (36) (see Fig. 1). Said base (14) is placed on the supporting structure (36) so that each edge of the upper part and the lower part of the base (14) has at least one restrictive means (40). Between the edge of the base and the restrictive means (40) there is a gap for introducing a spacer (42) in the form of a wedge. Said wedge-shaped spacer (42) is provided for securing the fixed panels (16) to the tongue and groove part (38) of the base (14) and securing the base (14) to the supporting structure (36).

After determining the width of the precast concrete panel, the movable panels (18) are moved apart from the central part of the base (14) between the fixed panels (16). After checking a certain width, the said movable panels are locked in their position. The locking of the movable panels (18) in their position is carried out by the action of the adjustable lever (44), when one end of this adjustable lever (44) abuts against the movable panel (18), and the other end extends and fits into the bracket (46) (see FIG.

thirteen) . To secure the other end of the adjustable lever (44) in the bracket (46), the spacer (48) is inserted into the gap between the said end of the adjustable lever (44) and the bracket (46) (see Fig.

14) . In addition, the end edge of the movable panels (18) has a configuration that corresponds to the profile of the fixed panels (16) in order to create a rigid structure. This method provides such a result that the movable panels (18) remain upright when concrete is poured into the formwork (10). This configuration allows you to easily and conveniently separate the side panels from the base (14).

When the said side panels (16, 18) are firmly fixed to the base (14), concrete is poured into the formwork. After the concrete has hardened, the parallel side panels (16, 18) are removed, and the cast concrete panel is stored until transportation to the construction site.

When supplying concrete to the formwork, it can be poured so as to completely cover the isolated area (20) on the base (14) or to close only the sides of the isolated area (20). When concrete is fed into the formwork to the height level of the fixed panels (16), a recess is created in the precast concrete panel corresponding to the elevated section in the mold. Thus, after the bud is fed into the formwork to the level of the upper lateral edges of the separate section (20), an opening is created.

In the present embodiment, the detached portion (20) and the elevated portion (22) are made as a flat surface, but said detached portion (20) and the elevated portion (22) may have any other geometric shape or may be provided so that after castings resemble an object such as a vase, an animal, etc. (not shown).

In the present embodiment, the separate portion (20) and / or the elevated portion (22) is located on the base (14) so that said separate portion (20) and / or the elevated portion (22) is centered between the movable spaced side panels (18) or between both fixed and movable panels (16, 18). Mentioned separate section (20) and / or elevated section (22) can be located anywhere between two pairs of parallel side panels (16, 18) with or without additional adjustment or modification.

In the present embodiment, the fixed panels (16) are attached to the base by the presence of a bounding element (38) and a wooden spacer (42) in the form of a wedge, but said fixed panels (16) can also be attached to the base or spike element of the fixed panel (16) , which enters the groove on the tongue and groove of the base, or by any other known means (not shown).

In the present embodiment, the prefabricated precast concrete panel has a protruding portion, such as a T-shaped or L-shaped joint, to provide a protruding structure for connection with other precast concrete panels.

However, said precast concrete panel can also be made without protruding structures (see Fig. 15). Therefore, to connect precast concrete panels to each other, separate T-shaped, L-shaped, crossed or even rectangular columns can be installed directly at the construction site.

Claims (13)

CLAIM 1. The formwork for precast concrete panels contains a quadrangular panel with a base and four side panels, characterized in that the formwork (10) contains a base (14), which has a separate section (20) and / or an elevated section (22), two parallel fixed spaced side panels (16) and two parallel movable side panels (18), where a separate section (20) and / or a raised section (22) is located between parallel movable separated side panels (18), and said parallel movable apart The side panels (18) are rigidly fastened with the possibility of detachment to parallel fixed spaced side panels (16) at any desired distance from the center of the isolated (20) and / or elevated (22) section. 2. Formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that the parallel movable spaced side panels (18) have the ability to move relative to two parallel fixed spaced side panels (16). 3. The formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that the parallel movable spaced side panels (18) are attached to parallel fixed spaced side panels (16) at a predetermined discrete distance from the center of the casting. 4. Formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that the parallel movable spaced side panels (18) can be located at a predetermined distance from one another and in that the same formwork (10) with a separate section (20) and / or The elevated section (22) can be used to make precast concrete panels of various predetermined widths. 5. The formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the two parallel movable spaced side panels (18) has a longitudinal protrusion (26) so that the cast panel has a longitudinal groove (34) corresponding to the longitudinal protrusion (26 ). 6. The formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the two parallel fixed spaced side panels (16) has at least one opening (24) for inserting at least one reinforcing element. 7. The formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that the peripheral side of the detached section (20) has a shaped edge. 8. The formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that the peripheral side of the elevated section (22) has a shaped surface. 9. The formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that the elevated portion (22) of choice contains a form for any desired imprint. 10. The formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that the auxiliary formwork (12) is installed on the formwork (10) and contains two longitudinal spaced panels (28) across two parallel fixed spaced side panels (16), and the inner sides of the longitudinal spaced panels ( 28) form the sides of the form, and the upper surface of the concrete in the formwork (10) forms the base of the form, and this form is designed to receive concrete, so that after it is cured a protruding edge (30) is formed. 11. The formwork of claim 10, characterized in that the auxiliary formwork (12) can be located at any point on parallel fixed spaced side panels (16). 12. The formwork of claim 10, characterized in that in auxiliary formwork (12) the distance between each element of the set of longitudinal spaced panels (28) can be changed so that the cast longitudinal protrusion (30) can have a different predetermined width. 13. The formwork of claim 10, characterized in that the longitudinal chute (32) is placed in the auxiliary formwork (12) so that the projection (30) cast in it contains the longitudinal chute (32).