DK173246B1 - Anvendelse af et smøreoliemateriale omfattende 1,1,1,2-tetrafluorethan som kølemedium til kølesystemer - Google Patents
Anvendelse af et smøreoliemateriale omfattende 1,1,1,2-tetrafluorethan som kølemedium til kølesystemer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK173246B1 DK173246B1 DK198901604A DK160489A DK173246B1 DK 173246 B1 DK173246 B1 DK 173246B1 DK 198901604 A DK198901604 A DK 198901604A DK 160489 A DK160489 A DK 160489A DK 173246 B1 DK173246 B1 DK 173246B1
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- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- cooling system
- use according
- average molecular
- molecular weight
- weight
- Prior art date
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 69
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 title claims description 31
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 19
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/50—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing halogen
- C10M105/52—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing halogen containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M107/30—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M107/32—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Polyesters; Polyethers
- C10M107/34—Polyoxyalkylenes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M111/04—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/16—Ethers
- C10M129/18—Epoxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/66—Epoxidised acids or esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
- C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/24—Only one single fluoro component present
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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Description
i DK 173246 B1
Den foreliggende opfindelse angår anvendelsen af et smøreoliemateriale omfattende 1,1,1,2-tetrafluorethan (HFC-134a) som kølemedium til et kølesystem.
Blandt kølemedier har 1,1,1,2-tetrafluorethan lignende termo-5 dynamiske egenskaber som dichlordifluormethan (CFC-12), der hidtil har været anvendt i vidt omfang i husholdningskøleskabe og luftkonditioneringsanlæg og i bilers luftkonditioneringsanlæg. Hvis derfor 1,1,1,2-tetrafluorethan (HFC-134a) skal anvendes som kølemedium, formodes kølesystemer, der an-10 vender dette kølemedium, at kunne etableres uden større ændringer i konstruktion for at få samme kølevirkninger som sædvanlige systemer.
Det skal dog bemærkes, at et kølesystemoliemateriale fyldt i kompressoren i et kølesystem bliver medført ind i kondensato-15 ren og fordamperen, og det er derfor uomgængelig nødvendigt, at oliematerialet er en såkaldt "godt returnerbar" olie, der er helt opløselig i det tilbagesvalende kølemedium, der cirkulerer i kredsløbet og vender tilbage til kompressoren.
Nærmere betegnet er det ikke usædvanligt, at temperaturen når 20 -20 til -30°C i den koldeste del, der strækker sig fra ekspansionsventilen eller kapillarrøret til fordamperen inde i kølekredsløbet, og et foretrukket kølesystemoliemateriale er derfor således, at når det er blandet med kølemediet, vil det ikke udskilles af kølemediet og ikke danne to separate 25 lag ved en så lav temperatur.
Endvidere er det ikke usædvanligt, at temperaturen bliver meget høj i den del, der strækker sig fra kompressoren til modtageren eller kondensatoren, og et foretrukket kølesystemoliemateriale er derfor således, at når det er blandet med 30 kølemediet, vil det ikke udskilles af kølemediet og ikke danne to adskilte lag, ikke blot ved den lave temperatur, men også ved en høj temperatur.
2 DK 173246 B1
De hidtil almindeligt anvendte kølesystemoliematerialer indbefatter naphtheniske mineralolier, paraffiniske mineralolier, alkylbenzener og blandinger deraf samt disse basisolier, hvori der er inkorporeret egnede additiver. Disse 5 traditionelle kølesystemoliematerialer er beskrevet f.eks. i de japanske patentgazetter nr. Sho. 40-11940, Sho. 49-4107,
Sho. 49-13483, Sho. 49-13029, Sho. 49-19084, Sho. 52-39509,
Sho. 52-43722 og Sho. 53-17602 samt i fremlagt japansk patentansøgning, gazetterne nr. Sho. 46-4532, Sho. 48-606, Sho.
10 49-47498, Sho. 51-22971, Sho. 52-28503, Sho. 52-54707 og Sho.
53-88007. Disse sædvanlige kølesystemoliematerialer er dårligt forenelige med 1,1,1,2-tetrafluorethan (HFC-134a) , som er et erstatningskølemedium for dichlordifluormethan (CFC-12). Hvis de nævnte traditionelle oliematerialer anven-15 des i kombination med 1,1,1,2-tetrafluorethan, så vil den fremkomne blanding af denne grund skille sig i to lag ved normal temperatur og derved ødelægge olierecirkulerbarheden, som er meget vigtig i kølesystemet, og resultere i, at der forårsages forskellige vanskeligheder såsom et fald i køle-20 effektivitet, forringelse af smøreevne og deraf følgende sammenbrænding af kompressor, hvorved oliematerialerne bliver uegnede til brug som sådanne. Desuden er kølesystemoliematerialer omfattende polyglycololier også kendt for deres høje viskositetsindeks og er beskrevet f.eks. i en japansk patentgazette nr. Sho. 61-52880 25 (eller fremlagt japansk patentansøgning, gazette nr. Sho. 53-140469 og Sho. 55-58298) samti fremlagt japansk patentansøgning, gazette nr. Sho. 57-51795. Polyglycololieme, der er konkret beskrevet i den kendte teknik, er imidlertid ikke helt forenelige med 1,1,1,2-tetrafluorethan, hvilket rejser de samme problemer som ovenfor og gør dem 30 ubrugelige.
Fra DE offentliggørelsesskrift nr. 3.202.478 er det kendt at anvende en absorbtionsblanding indeholdende en halogeneret carbonhydridforbindelse som f.eks. 1,1,1,2-tetrafluorethan 35 som kølemedium, en polyethylenglycolmethylether som absorbtionsmiddel og mindst én stabilisator til absorbtionskøle- 3 DK 173246 B1 maskiner.
Fra DE offentliggørelsesskrift nr. 2.943.446 er det endvidere kendt til kølemaskiner at anvende en smøreolie indeholdende en polyglycololie med en kinematisk viskositet på 25-50 cSt 5 ved 98,9°C og et viskositetsindeks på over 150 samt en epoxyforbindelse .
Ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse er der foretaget intensive undersøgelser i forsøg på at udvikle smøreoliematerialer til kølesystemer af kompressionstypen, hvori der anvendes 10 l,l,l,2-tetrafluorethan som kølemedium, og som resultat af disse undersøgelser har det vist sig, at et kølesystemolie-materiale, der som basisolie omfatter en polyglycololie med en struktur som angivet i den almene formel nedenfor og særlige egenskaber, har udmærkede virkninger, der ikke kan 15 opnås med et materiale omfattende nogen anden basisolie.
Den primære opgave med opfindelsen er at anvise en anvendelse af et kølesystemoliemateriale, som er egnet til brug i et kølesystem af kompressionstypen, hvori der anvendes 1,1,1,2-20 tetrafluorethan som kølemedium, og som ikke udskilles af kølemediet, især ved lave temperaturer, under dets anvendelse og har tilfredsstillende pakningsevne og stabilitet.
Kølesystemoliematerialet, der anvendes ifølge opfindelsen, omfatter 25 (a) 1, 1,1,2-tetrafluorethan som kølemedium, og (b) som en basisolie en polyoxyalkylenglycolmonoether repræsenteret ved den almene formel
Rl-<OR2>mOH
4 DK 173246 B1 hvor 1*2 er en alkylgruppe med 1-18 carbonatomer, m er et helt tal fra 5 til 70, R2 er en alkylengruppe med 2-4 carbonatomer, og hvor forholdet "a" (antal af -OR2-grupper, hvori R2 er en ethylengruppe)/m i molekylet er 0-0,8, hvilken poly-5 oxyalkylenglycolmonoether har et hældepunkt op til -10°C og en kinematisk viskositet på 1-110 centistoke ved 100°C, i et kølesystem.
Opfindelsen forklares i enkeltheder i det følgende.
Basisolieme til kølesystemoliematerialeme, der anvendes ifølge opfindelsen, er poly-10 oxyalkylenglycolmonoethere repræsenteret ved følgende almene formel
Ri - (°R2) hvor R-l er en ligekædet eller forgrenet alkylgruppe med 1-18 carbonatomer, m er et helt tal fra 5 til 70, og R2 er en 15 alkylengruppe med 2-4 carbonatomer. R-j^ indbefatter methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, eller octadecyl, blandt hvilke foretrækkes methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, pentyl-, hexyl-, octyl-, 20 decyl- eller octadecylgruppen.
R2 indbefatter ethylengruppen (-CH2CH2-), propylengruppen (-CHCH2-), 25 CH3 trimethylengruppen (-CH2CH2CH2-), butylengruppen (-CHCH2-), ch2ch3 30 1,2-dimethylethylengruppen (-CH - CH -),
I I
ch3 ch3 5 DK 173246 B1 1- methyltrimethylengruppen (-CHCH2CH2-), ch3 2- met hyl trimethylengruppen (-CH->CHCH0-) eller 5 ch3 tetramethylengruppen (-CH2CH2CH2CH2-), blandt hvilke ethylen-, propylen-, butylen- eller tetra-methylengruppen foretrækkes.
10
Polyoxyalkylenglycolmonoetheren kan i molekylet indeholde alkylengrupper, der har forskelligt antal carbonatomer, eller kan indeholde en tilfældig copolymer eller blokcopolymer, fremstillet af oxyalkylengrupper, der har forskelligt antal carbonatomer, men det er nød-15 vendigt, at et forhold (a) mellem antal -OR2-grupper (hvor R2 er ethylengruppen) og m i molekylet er i intervallet 0-0,8. I tilfælde, hvor forholdet (a) overstiger 0,8, bliver et køle-systemoliemateriale indeholdende en sådan polyoxyalkylen-glycolmonoether som basisolie uønsket fast ved normal tempe-20 ratur eller har et uønsket højt hældepunkt.
Det er nødvendigt, at polyoxyalkylenglycolmonoetheren har et hældepunkt op til - 10°C, fortrinsvis -20 til -50°C. I tilfælde af, at hældepunktet overstiger -10°C, er der sandsynlighed for, at et kølesystem-25 oliemateriale omfattende en sådan polyoxyalkylenglycolmono-ether størkner uønsket inde i kølesystemet.
Det er også nødvendigt, at polyoxyalkylenglycolmonoetheren har en kinematisk viskositet på 2-110 centistoke ved 100°C. I tilfælde, hvor den kinematiske viskositet ved 100°C er mindre 3 0 end 2 centistoke, vil et kølesystemoliemateriale omfattende en sådan monoether ikke være i stand til at bevare paknings-evnen af kompressoren, når det anvendes, og hvis den kinematiske viskositet ved 100°C overstiger 110 centistoke, har kølesystemoliematerialet og kølemediet, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluor-35 ethan, dårlig gensidig opløselighed, hvorved disse to uønsket 6 DK 173246 B1 adskilles i deres respektive lag ved lave temperaturer. I tilfælde, hvor kølesystemoliematerialet ifølge opfindelsen er beregnet til at anvendes i frysekølingsapparater, skal poly-oxyalkylenglycolmonoetheren have en kinematisk viskositet på 5 fortrinsvis 2 - (10+12Oo) centistoke, mere foretrukket 3 -(7+120of) centistoke, ved 100°C. I tilfælde af, at kølesystem-oliematerialet, der anvendes ifølge opfindelsen, skal anvendes i. et luftkonditioneringsanlæg i en bil, skal pélyoxyalkylenglycolmono-etheren have en kinematisk viskositet på fortrinsvis 5 -10 (30 + 100af) centistoke og mere foretrukket 8 - (30+100a) centi stoke ved 100°C.
*'».·.* ------ _ .
Endvidere har polyoxyalkylenglycolmonoetheren en gennemsnitsmolekylvægt efter antal på fortrinsvis 300-4000, mere foretrukket 500-3500, for at for- 15 bedre pakningsevnen af kompressoren. Endnu mere foretrukket har monoetheren en gennemsnitsmolekylvægt efter antal på fortrinsvis 500-1500 for yderligere at opnå en stigning i den temperatur, ved hvilken de to lag (oliemateriale og kølemedium) adskilles fra hinanden ved en høj temperatur (denne 20 temperatur omtales i det følgende som "to-lags adskillelsestemperatur") .
Endvidere foretrækkes en polyoxyalkylenglycolmonoether med et forhold (Mw/Mn) på 1,00 til 1,20 mellem gennemsnitsmolekylvægten efter vægt (Mw) og gennemsnitsmolekylvægten efter 25 antal (Mn) ud fra det synspunkt, at en sådan monoether har en forhøjet to-lags adskillelsestemperatur.
Blandt forbindelser, der almindeligvis kaldes polyglycololier, er der foruden polyoxyalkylenglycolmonoetheme endvidere polyoxyalkylenglycoler, 3 0 hvori ingen af de endestillede hydroxylgrupper i molekylet er forethret, og polyoxyalkylenglycoldiethere, hvori begge de endestillede hydroxylgrupper i molekylet er forethret. Af disse er polyoxyalkylenglycoldietherne ikke helt forenelige med et kølemedium (1,1,1,2-tetrafluorethan) og er 7 DK 173246 B1 praktisk taget ikke nyttige til opfindelsens formål, hvorimod polyoxyalkylenglycolerne er tilnærmelsesvis lig med polyoxy-alkylenglycolmonoetheme med hensyn til forenelighed med kølemediet, 1,1,1,2-tetra- fiuorethan, men de er dårligere end polyoxyalkylenglycolmonoetheme med hensyn til 5 sætningsbelastning (ASTM D 3233), der fremkommer som resultat ved en FALEX prøve til bedømmelse af belastningsresistens, der er vigtig som en af egenskaberne af kølesystemoliematerialet til anvendelse ved opfindelsen, og er også ringere end polyoxyalkylenglycolmonoetheme med hensyn til viskositetsindeks, som viser temperatur- 10 egenskaberne af den kinematiske viskositet. Polyoxyalkylenglycolerne foretrækkes derfor ikke til brug som kølesystemoliemateriale.
15 Kølesystemoliemateriale til anvendelse ved opfindelsen, omfattende polyoxyalkylenglycolmonoetheren (som er basisolien) alene, uden nogen additiver, vil udvise udmærkede virkninger, når det anvendes i kølesystemer, hvori der benyttes 1,1,1,2-tetrafluorethan som kølemedium, og for yderligere at forbedre 20 oliematerialet med hensyn til slidresistens og belastningsresistens (sætningshindrende egenskab) kan det med fordel indeholde et phosphat repræsenteret ved den almene formel A
O-L- P = O (A) JVn J3 hvor R3 er en alkyl gruppe med 1-3 carbonatomer, fortrinsvis met hyl gruppen, og n er et helt tal fra 0 til 2, fortrinsvis 25 0-1. R3 er konkret illustreret ved methyl-, ethyl- eller pro- pylgruppen.
Phosphatet, som er komponent A, indeholder fortrinsvis tri-phenylphosphat, tritolylphosphat (tricresylphosphat) eller en 8 DK 173246 B1 blanding heraf.
I tilfælde, hvor ·kølesystemoliematerialet skal forbedres yderligere raed hensyn til slidresistens og belastningsresistens ved brugen af komponent A, kan komponenten A sættes til 5 oliematerialet i en mængde på 0,1-5,0, fortrinsvis 0,2-2,0, vægtdele pr. 100 vægtdele af basisolien i oliematerialet.
Hvis den tilsatte mængde af komponent A er mindre end 0,1 vægtdel, vil oliematerialet ikke blive meget forbedret med hensyn til slidresistens og belastningsresistens, og hvis 10 mængden af forbindelsen A, der er tilsat, er mere end 5,0 vægtdel, vil der hos oliematerialet være uønsket tilbøjelighed til nedsættelse af varmestabilitet og fremkaldelse af korrosion af metaller i kølesystemet.
Som nævnt ovenfor, vil den særlige mængde af komponenten A, 15 der tilsættes, forbedre oliematerialet med hensyn til slidresistens og belastningsresistens, men den vil nogle gange kunne forårsage korrosion af metaller såsom kobber og kobberlegeringer, hvis sådanne metaller anvendes til rørledninger i kølesystemet.
20 I tilfælde, hvor komponenten A sættes til kølesystemoliematerialet, vil oliematerialet derfor fortrinsvis blive forbedret med hensyn til sine samlede virkninger ved yderligere at inkorporere mindst én slags epoxyforbindelse (B) , valgt fra gruppen bestående af: 25 (B): (i) epoxyforbindelser af phenylglycidylether- typen, (ii) epoxiderede fedtsyremonoestere, og (iii) epoxiderede vegetabilske olier.
De nævnte epoxyforbindelser af phenylglycidylethertypen (i) 30 indbefatter phenylglycidylether og alkylphenylglycidylethere. Alkylphenylglycidyletherene er de, der har 1-3 alkylgrupper med 1-13 carbonatomer, blandt hvilke man foretrækker dem, der 9 DK 173246 B1 har en alkylgruppe med 4-10 carbonatomer, såsom butylphenyl-glycidylether, pentylphenylglycidylether, hexylphenylglyci-dylether, heptylphenylglycidylether, octylphenylglycidyl- ether, nonylphenylglycidylether og decylphenylglycidylether.
5 De epoxiderede fedtsyremonoestere (ii) indbefatter estere af en epoxideret fedtsyre med 12-20 carbonatomer og en alkohol med 1-8 carbonatomer, phenol eller en alkylphenol. Især kan der fortrinsvis anvendes butyl-, hexyl-, benzyl-, cyklo-hexyl-, methoxyethyl-, octyl-, phenyl- eller butylphenyl-10 estere af epoxideret stearinsyre.
De epoxiderede vegetabilske olier (iii) indbefatter epoxiderede forbindelser af vegetabilske olier såsom sojabønneolie, hørfrøolie og bomuldsfrøolie.
Blandt disse epoxyforbindelser (i)-(iii) indbefatter de fore-15 trukne komponenter B epoxyforbindelser af phenylglycidyl-ethertypen og epoxiderede fedtsyremonoestere, idet førstnævnte er de mest foretrukne. De mest foretrukne er phenyl-glycidylether, butylphenylglycidylether og blandinger deraf.
I tilfælde, hvor komponenten B, foruden komponenten A, sættes 20 til kølesystemoliematerialet, kan komponent B tilsættes i en mængde på 0,1-5,0, fortrinsvis 0,2-2,0, vægtdele per 100 vægtdele af basisolien i oliematerialet. Tilsætning af komponent B i en mængde mindre end 0,1 vægtdel vil være lidet effektivt til at forbedre oliematerialet med hensyn til 25 korrosionsforhindring, medens tilsætning i en mængde på mere end 5,0 vægtdele vil have uønsket skadelige virkninger på slidresistensen og belastningsresistensen af oliematerialet.
For yderligere at forbedre kølesystemoliematerialets virkninger kan der i oliematerialet inkorporeres hidtil kendte addi-30 tiver til en køleskabsolie, herunder antioxidanter af phenol-typen såsom di-tert.butyl-p-cresol, antioxidanter af amin-typen såsom phenyl-ar-naphthylamin og N, Ν'-di (2-naphthyl)-p- 10 DK 173246 B1 phenylendiamin, belastningsresistente additiver såsom zink-dithiophosphat, chloreret paraffin, fedtsyrer og belastningsresistente forbindelser af svovltypen, antiskummemidler af siliconetypen, metalinaktivatorer såsom benzotriazol og 5 hydrogenchloridfangere såsom glycidylmethacrylat og phosphit-estere. Disse additiver kan anvendes enkeltvis eller flere sammen.
Kølesystemoliematerialet til anvendelse ved opfindelsen i kølesystemer, hvori der anvendes 1,1,1,2-tetrafluorethan som 10 kølevæske, kan fortrinsvis anvendes i kølesystemer, der har en roterende kompressor, og kan også anvendes i kølesystemer, der har stempelkompressor eller centrifugalkompressor. Især kan oliematerialet til anvendelse ved opfindelsen hensigtsmæssigt anvendes i frysekøleapparater såsom køleskabe, fryse-15 re, fryse- og kølehuse, salgsautomater, udstillingsmontrer, køleenheder i kemiske anlæg og fugtfjernende anlæg samt i luftkonditioneringsanlæg i biler.
Opfindelsen illustreres nærmere af følgende eksempler og sammenligningseksempler.
20 EKSEMPEL 1-17 og SAMMENLIGNINGSEKSEMPEL 1-5.
Egenskaberne af basisolierne, der er anvendt i eksemplerne og sammenligningseksemplerne, er vist i tabel 1.
For at måle graden af adskillelse af kølesystemoliematerialet 25 {udelukkende bestående af basisolien) i hvert af eksemplerne 1-17 fra et kølemedium ved lave temperaturer forenedes 100 vægtdele 1,1,1,2-tetrafluorethan (kølemedium) med 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 og 70 vægtdele af hvert af kølesystemoliematerialerne i eksempel 1-17 til opnåelse af blandede væsker af kølemedium 30 og oliemateriale, hvorefter hver af de således fremkomne blandede væsker langsomt blev afkølet fra stuetemperatur ned til en temperatur, ved hvilken den blandede væske blev hvid- 11 DK 173246 B1 uklar eller skiltes i to lag, og denne temperatur defineres som to-lags adskillelsestemperaturen på lavtemperatursiden. I tilfælde, hvor de blandede væsker allerede var hvide-uklare eller allerede var skilt i to lag ved stuetemperatur, blev de 5 langsomt opvarmet til en temperatur, ved hvilken hvidhed-uklarheden eller adskillelsen ikke kunne ses, hvilken temperatur også defineres som en to-lags adskillelsestemperatur på lavtemperatursiden. Resultaterne er vist i tabel 2.
For at måle højtemperaturadskillelsen af kølesystemoliemate-10 rialet (udelukkende bestående af basisolien) i hver af eksemplerne 1-17 fra et kølemedium, forenedes samme kølemedium som ovenfor med 3, 10 og 30 vægtdele af hver af kølesystemolie- materialerne i eksempel 1-17 til opnåelse af blandede væsker, der hver især langsomt blev opvarmet fra stuetemperatur til 15 en temperatur, ved hvilken den blandede væske blev hvid-uklar eller skiltes i to lag, og denne temperatur defineres som tolags adskillelsestemperatur på højtemperatursiden. I tilfælde, hvor de blandede væsker allerede var hvide-uklare eller allerede var skilt i to lag ved stuetemperatur, blev de 20 langsomt afkølet til en temperatur, ved hvilken hvidhed-uklarheden eller adskillelsen ikke kunne ses, og denne temperatur defineres også som en to-lags adskillelsestemperatur på højtemperatursiden. Resultaterne er vist i tabel 2.
Til sammenligning underkastedes kølesystemoliematerialet 25 (udelukkende bestående af basisolier, der ikke er ifølge opfindelsen) i hver af sammenligningseksemplerne 1-5 måling af to-lags adskillelsestemperatur på lavtemperatursiden på samme måde som i eksempel 1-17. Resultaterne er også vist i tabel 2.
12 DK 173246 B1 EKSEMPEL 18-27 og SAMMENLIGNINGSEKSEMPEL 6.
Der blev fremstillet forskellige kølesystemoliematerialer i eksempel 18-27 og sammenligningseksempel 6 med de bestand-5 dele, der er vist i tabel 3. Eksempel 18-22 svarer til det følgende krav 1, eksempel 23 og 24 svarer til følgende krav 2, eksempel 25-27 svarer til følgende krav 2, og sammenligningseksempel 6 er ikke dækket af opfindelsen.
De således fremstillede kølesystemoliematerialer blev bedømt 10 med hensyn til deres virkning ved anvendelse af følgende prøver, og resultaterne er også vist i tabel 3.
FALEX prøve: Kølesystemoliematerialerne blev hver afprøvet for sætnings-belastning under forsøgsbetingelserne med en oprindelig olie-15 temperatur på 25°C, indkøring 250 lb (113,4 kg) og 5 minutter i overensstemmelse med ASTM D 3233.
Prøve i lukket rør:
Blandinger af kølesystemoliematerialet og et kølemedium (1,1,1,2-tetrafluorethan) i lige store rumfang blev inde-20 lukket sammen med kobber- og jernkatalysatorer i et glasrør og opvarmet til 175°C i 1000 timer for at iagttage misfarvning af kølesystemoliematerialet og katalysatorerne og bestemme graden af misfarvning.
Ved misfarvning af kølesystemoliematerialet blev graden af 25 misfarvning klassificeret i 12 grader liggende fra 0 (farveløs) til 11 (sortbrun farve). Ved en misfarvning af metalkatalysatorer opstår der ikke noget problem, hvis misfarvningen er således, at de taber deres glans, men den er uacceptabel, hvis jernkatalysatoren pletteres med kobber.
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Det fremgår af resultaterne af to-lags adskillelsestemperaturerne i tabel 2, at kølesystemoliematerialerne i eksempel 1-17 er meget tilfredsstillende forenelige med 1,1,1,2-tetra-fluorethan (kølemedium) , selv ved en temperatur så lav som 5 ca. -20 til -30°C. I modsætning hertil blev mineralolierne og alkylbenzenen i sammenligningseksemplerne 1-2 samt dietheren (selv om den er en polyglycololie) i sammenligningseksempel 4 adskilt fra kølemediet, slev ved en normal temperatur, således at der dannedes to lag, hvilket gør dem uanvendelige.
10 Desuden er polyoxypropylenglycolen i sammenligningseksempel 5 lige så god som kølesystemoliematerialerne i eksempel 1-17 med hensyn til forenelighed med kølemediet, men den er ringere med hensyn til viskositetsindeks, således som det fremgår af tabel 1.
15 Kølesystemoliematerialerne (eksempel 1-9) , hvori der som basisolie blev anvendt en polyoxyalkylenglycolmonoether med en Mn på 500-1500 og et forhold Mw/Mn på 1,00-1,20, udviste meget tilfredsstillende forenelighed med kølemediet, selv ved en så høj temperatur som ca. 60-80°C.
20 Det fremgår af resultaterne af bedømmelsesprøverne for egenskaberne i tabel 3, at polyoxypropylenglycolen i sammenligningseksempel 6 er ringere end kølesystemoliematerialerne i eksempel 18-27 med hensyn til sætningsbelastning, som er det resultat, der fås ved FALEX prøven. Kølesystemoliemateria-25 lerne i eksempel 18-22, som svarer til krav 1, udviste endvidere udmærkede egenskaber ved FALEX prøven og prøven i lukkede rør, og kølesystemoliematerialerne i eksempel 23 og 24, svarende til krav 2, havde bemærkelsesværdigt forøget sætningsbelastning ved tilsætning af komponent A til materia-30 lerne og havde bedre smøreevne. Kølesystemoliematerialerne i eksempel 25-27, svarende til krav 3, udviste bedre resultater end materialerne i eksempel 2 3 og 24 i prøven i lukket rør, samtidig med at de bevarede udmærket smøreevne. Især udviste kølesystemoliematerialerne i eksempel 25-27 bedre resultater 35 end materialerne i eksempel 18-22 i prøven i lukket rør,
Claims (12)
1. Anvendelse af et kølesystemoliemateriale omfattende: 20 (a) 1,1,1,2-tetrafluorethan som kølemedium, og (b) som en basisolie en polyoxyalkylenglycolmonoether repræsenteret ved en den almene formel R1 - (OR2)m - OH hvori R-j^ er en alkylgruppe med 1-18 carbonatomer, m er et 25 helt tal fra 5 til 70 og R2 er en alkylengruppe med 2-4 carbonatomer, og hvor der er et forhold "a" på 0-0,8 mellem DK 173246 B1 antal -OR2-grupper (hvori R2 er en ethylengruppe) og m i molekylet, hvilken polyoxyalkylenglycolmonoether har et hældepunkt op til -10°C og en kinematisk viskositet på 2-110 centistoke ved 100°C, i ét kølesystem.
2. Anvendelse ifølge krav 1, hvor kølesystemoliematerialet yderligere omfatter (A) et phosphat repræsenteret ved den almene formel /qV°--P = o JVn J hvori R3 er en alkylgruppe med 1-3 carbonatomer, og n er et helt tal fra 0 til 2, i en mængde på 0,1-5,0 vægtdel per. 100 10 vægtdele af basisolien.
3. Anvendelse ifølge krav 1, hvor kølesystemoliematerialet yderligere omfatter (A) et phosphat repræsenteret ved den almene formel /q\_0--p , o JVn -I hvori R3 er en alkylgruppe med 1-3 carbonatomer, og n er et 15 helt tal fra 0 til 2, i en mængde på 0,1-5,0 vægtdel pr. 100 vægtdele af basisolien, og (B) mindst én slags epoxyforbindelse valgt fra gruppen bestående af DK 173246 B1 (i) epoxyforbindelser af phenylglycidylethertypen, (ii) epoxiderede fedtsyremonoestere, og (iii) epoxiderede vegetabilske olier i en mængde på 0,1-5,0 vægtdel pr. 100 vægtdele af basis-5 olien.
4. Anvendelse ifølge krav 1, hvor polyoxyalkylenglycolmono- etheren har en gennemsnitsmolekylvægt efter antal på 500-1500 og et forhold (Mw/Mn) på 1,00-1,20 mellem gennemsnitsmolekylvægten efter vægt (Mw) og gennemsnitsmolekylvægten efter 10 antal (Mn).
5. Anvendelse ifølge krav 2, hvor polyoxyalkylenglycolmono- etheren har en gennemsnitsmolekylvægt efter antal på 500-1500 og et forhold (Mw/Mn) på 1,00-1,20 mellem gennemsnitsmolekylvægten efter vægt (Mw) og gennemsnitsmolekylvægten efter 15 antal (Mn).
6. Anvendelse ifølge krav 3, hvor polyoxyalkylenglycolmono- etheren har en gennemsnitsmolekylvægt efter antal på 500-1500 og et forhold (Mw/Mn) på 1,00-1,20 mellem gennemsnitsmolekylvægten efter vægt (Mw) og gennemsnitsmolekylvægten efter 20 antal (Mn).
7. Anvendelse ifølge krav 1, hvor kølesystemet er et fryse- køleapparat eller et luftkonditioneringsanlæg i en bil.
8. Anvendelse ifølge krav 2, hvor kølesystemet er et fryse- køleapparat eller et luftkonditioneringsanlæg i en bil.
9. Anvendelse ifølge krav 3, hvor kølesystemet er et fryse- køleapparat eller et luftkonditioneringsanlæg i en bil.
10. Anvendelse ifølge krav 4, hvor kølesystemet er et fryse-køleapparat eller et luftkonditioneringsanlæg i en bil. DK 173246 B1
11. Anvendelse ifølge krav 5, hvor kølesystemet er et fryse-køleapparat eller et luftkonditioneringsanlæg i en bil.
12. Anvendelse ifølge krav 6, hvor kølesystemet er et fryse-køleapparat eller et luftkonditioneringsanlæg i en bil. 5
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| JP8298388 | 1988-04-06 | ||
| JP8298388 | 1988-04-06 | ||
| JP9837888 | 1988-04-22 | ||
| JP9837888 | 1988-04-22 | ||
| JP3836189 | 1989-02-20 | ||
| JP1038361A JP2514090B2 (ja) | 1988-04-06 | 1989-02-20 | 冷凍冷蔵装置用潤滑油組成物 |
| JP1038360A JP2595346B2 (ja) | 1988-04-22 | 1989-02-20 | カーエアコン用冷凍機油組成物 |
| JP3836089 | 1989-02-20 |
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| DK160489D0 DK160489D0 (da) | 1989-04-03 |
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| BR (1) | BR8901613A (da) |
| CA (1) | CA1334750C (da) |
| DE (1) | DE68907763T2 (da) |
| DK (1) | DK173246B1 (da) |
| ES (1) | ES2058368T3 (da) |
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| US5027606A (en) * | 1988-05-27 | 1991-07-02 | Cpi Engineering Services, Inc. | Rotary displacement compression heat transfer systems incorporating highly fluorinated refrigerant-synthetic oil lubricant compositions |
| AU616073B2 (en) * | 1988-11-11 | 1991-10-17 | Asahi Glass Company Limited | Tetrafluoroethane composition for a refrigerator |
| US6458288B1 (en) | 1988-12-06 | 2002-10-01 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Lubricating oil for refrigerator with compressor |
| AU624451B2 (en) * | 1988-12-06 | 1992-06-11 | Idemitsu Kosan Company Limited | Lubricating oil for refrigerator with compressor |
| JP2588287B2 (ja) * | 1989-02-22 | 1997-03-05 | 日本石油株式会社 | 冷凍機油組成物 |
| US5279752A (en) * | 1989-02-22 | 1994-01-18 | Nippon Oil Co., Ltd. | Composition for lubricating oil |
| GB8905379D0 (en) * | 1989-03-09 | 1989-04-19 | Shell Int Research | Refrigeration lubricants |
| US4900463A (en) * | 1989-05-23 | 1990-02-13 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Refrigeration lubricant blends |
| GB8924057D0 (en) | 1989-10-25 | 1989-12-13 | Ici Plc | Lubricants |
| DE69019146T2 (de) * | 1989-12-14 | 1995-08-31 | Idemitsu Kosan Co | Anwendung von Schmierölzusammensetzung für Fluorkohlenwasserstoff-Kältemittel. |
| US6582621B1 (en) | 1989-12-28 | 2003-06-24 | Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corporation | Refrigerator oils for use with chlorine-free fluorocarbon refrigerants |
| JPH03275799A (ja) * | 1990-03-23 | 1991-12-06 | Asahi Denka Kogyo Kk | 冷凍機油組成物 |
| US5391311A (en) * | 1990-04-20 | 1995-02-21 | Nippon Oil Co., Ltd. | Fluid compositions for refrigerators |
| DE69120824T2 (de) * | 1990-04-20 | 1996-11-07 | Nippon Oil Co Ltd | Synthetische Schmieröle |
| ES2069888T3 (es) * | 1990-05-17 | 1995-05-16 | Lubrizol Corp | Composiciones que contienen fosforo para sistemas de refrigeracion. |
| US5100569A (en) * | 1990-11-30 | 1992-03-31 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Polyoxyalkylene glycol refrigeration lubricants having pendant, non-terminal perfluoroalkyl groups |
| DE4108045A1 (de) * | 1991-03-13 | 1992-09-17 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von polyoxyalkylenglykol monoethern von einwertigen alkoholen |
| AU1775492A (en) * | 1991-04-08 | 1992-11-02 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Stabilized polyoxyalkylene glycols |
| DE69231364T2 (de) * | 1992-06-03 | 2001-04-05 | Henkel Corp., Gulph Mills | Schmiermittel auf basis von polyolester für kälteübertragungsmittel |
| DE4240733A1 (de) * | 1992-09-03 | 1994-03-10 | Linde Ag | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Verdichter-Wärmepumpe oder Kälteanlage mit Ammoniak als Kältemittel |
| US5853609A (en) * | 1993-03-10 | 1998-12-29 | Henkel Corporation | Polyol ester lubricants for hermetically sealed refrigerating compressors |
| AU698771B2 (en) * | 1994-08-30 | 1998-11-05 | Lubrizol Corporation, The | Lubricant composition for ammonia refrigerants used in compression refrigeration systems |
| US5595678A (en) * | 1994-08-30 | 1997-01-21 | Cpi Engineering Services, Inc. | Lubricant composition for ammonia refrigerants used in compression refrigeration systems |
| JP4564111B2 (ja) † | 1998-09-02 | 2010-10-20 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | 冷凍機油 |
| US20010019120A1 (en) | 1999-06-09 | 2001-09-06 | Nicolas E. Schnur | Method of improving performance of refrigerant systems |
| RU2172766C1 (ru) * | 1999-12-15 | 2001-08-27 | Халилева Валерия Николаевна | Смазочно-упрочняющая композиция |
| AU2017273721B2 (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2021-08-26 | Basf Se | Lubricant composition |
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| GB671408A (en) * | 1948-07-19 | 1952-05-07 | Bataafsche Petroleum | Improvements in and relating to lubricant and hydraulic fluid compositions |
| US3652411A (en) * | 1969-12-04 | 1972-03-28 | Mobil Oil Corp | Polyglycol base lubricant |
| US4199461A (en) * | 1977-02-14 | 1980-04-22 | Chevron Research Company | Refrigeration oil containing wear-inhibiting amounts of an aryl phosphate-fatty acid combination |
| JPS5558298A (en) * | 1978-10-25 | 1980-04-30 | Nippon Oil Co Ltd | Lubricating oil for rotary refrigerant compressor |
| JPS57124664A (en) * | 1981-01-28 | 1982-08-03 | Hitachi Ltd | Absorbing liquid for absorption type refrigerating machine |
| DE3522165C1 (de) * | 1985-06-21 | 1986-10-30 | Texaco Technologie Europa GmbH, 2102 Hamburg | Schmiermittel und ihre Verwendung |
| US4755316A (en) * | 1987-10-23 | 1988-07-05 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Refrigeration lubricants |
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1989
- 1989-03-17 ES ES89104821T patent/ES2058368T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-03-17 EP EP89104821A patent/EP0336171B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-03-17 DE DE89104821T patent/DE68907763T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-04-03 DK DK198901604A patent/DK173246B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-04-04 CA CA000595643A patent/CA1334750C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-04-06 BR BR898901613A patent/BR8901613A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0336171A1 (en) | 1989-10-11 |
| ES2058368T3 (es) | 1994-11-01 |
| DK160489D0 (da) | 1989-04-03 |
| CA1334750C (en) | 1995-03-14 |
| DE68907763T2 (de) | 1993-12-16 |
| BR8901613A (pt) | 1989-11-21 |
| EP0336171B1 (en) | 1993-07-28 |
| DE68907763D1 (de) | 1993-09-02 |
| DK160489A (da) | 1989-10-07 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| B1 | Patent granted (law 1993) | ||
| PBP | Patent lapsed |
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