DK172239B1 - Process for quality improvement, such as improved preservation, of wood blanks by impregnating them - Google Patents
Process for quality improvement, such as improved preservation, of wood blanks by impregnating them Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK172239B1 DK172239B1 DK084891A DK84891A DK172239B1 DK 172239 B1 DK172239 B1 DK 172239B1 DK 084891 A DK084891 A DK 084891A DK 84891 A DK84891 A DK 84891A DK 172239 B1 DK172239 B1 DK 172239B1
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- wood
- oil
- linseed oil
- bath
- process according
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000771208 Buchanania arborescens Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
- B27K3/44—Tar; Mineral oil
- B27K3/48—Mineral oil
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
- B27K3/0278—Processes; Apparatus involving an additional treatment during or after impregnation
- B27K3/0285—Processes; Apparatus involving an additional treatment during or after impregnation for improving the penetration of the impregnating fluid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
- B27K5/0085—Thermal treatments, i.e. involving chemical modification of wood at temperatures well over 100°C
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
DK 172239 B1 iDK 172239 B1 i
Opfindelsen angår en fremgangsmåde til kvalitetsforbedring, såsom forbedret konservering, af træemner ved imprægnering af disse, og hvor imprægneringen foretages ved, at træemnerne neddyppes i et bad af varm linolie eller lignende vegetabilsk 5 olie, opvarmet til i hvert fald 110°C, så at det i træet værende vand fordamper og diffunderer gennem træet og olien, samtidigt med at den varme olie trænger ind i træets porer og hulrum, hvorefter træemnerne tages op af badet, og den indsivede olie bringes til at hærdne og dermed afstive træet.The invention relates to a method of improving quality, such as improved preservation, of wood blanks by impregnating them, and wherein the blasting is done by immersing the blanks in a bath of hot linseed oil or similar vegetable oil, heated to at least 110 ° C, so that the water contained in the wood evaporates and diffuses through the wood and the oil, while the hot oil penetrates into the pores and voids of the wood, after which the woodpieces are taken out of the bath and the oiled oil is made to harden and thus stiffen the wood.
10 Fra beskrivelsen til fransk patent nr. 397.786 kendes en fremgangsmåde til tørring af træ og forbedring af træets kvalitet ved at dyppe dette i varm linolie eller lignende olier. Oliens temperatur skal være så høj, at vandet i træet fordamper, og træet bliver imprægneret med olien. Det angives, at tempera-15 turen almindeligvis er 100-110eC. Denne fremgangsmåde er ikke helt tilfredsstillende, fordi træemnerne ved denne forholdsvis lave imprægneringstemperatur har en tendens til at blive forvredet, i øvrigt ligesom ved tørring i varm luft.From the disclosure of French Patent No. 397,786, a method of drying wood and improving the quality of the wood is known by dipping it in hot linseed oil or similar oils. The temperature of the oil must be so high that the water in the wood evaporates and the wood is impregnated with the oil. It is stated that the temperature is generally 100-110 ° C. This method is not entirely satisfactory because the wood blanks tend to be distorted at this relatively low impregnation temperature, as in dry air.
Det er formålet med opfindelsen at anvise en fremgangsmåde af 20 den ovenfor nævnte art, som gør det muligt at gennemføre den ønskede imprægnering, uden at træemnerne forvrides eller kommer til at udvise sprækker eller revner, og som kan forhindre eller udslette et eventuelt insekt- eller svampeangreb på træet .SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the invention to provide a method of the kind mentioned above which allows the desired impregnation to be carried out without distorting the wood blanks or exhibiting cracks or cracks, and which may prevent or annihilate any insect or fungal attack on the tree.
25 Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved, at linoliebadet under træemnernes neddypning har en temperatur på ca. 250°C, og at der til linolien er tilsat et insekticid og/eller fungicid. Derved opnås først og fremmest, at de færdige træemner ikke vil have slået sig eller udvise 30 sprækker eller revner, og desuden vil være resistente over for insekt- eller svampeangreb. Gennem indtrængningen af den meget varme linolie øges temperaturen i træet næsten chok-agtigt, så at dettes naturlige eller ude fra absorberede indhold af vand pludselig bringes op over kogepunktet og udsve- 2 DK 172239 B1 des. Vandet erstattet således af olien, der udfylder alle i træet forekommende naturlige eller unaturlige hulrum. Den indsivede olie vil efter en naturlig eller fremskyndet tørring afhærde og derigennem afstive/forbedre træet. Hertil kommer, 5 at de færdige træemner tåler maskinbearbejdning ved højere hastighed end hidtil kendt, idet imprægneringsolien vil have en betydelig smørevirkning. Fremdeles vil træemnernes overflade senere bedre kunne tåle bemaling. Endelig er fremgangsmåden mere miljøvenlig end visse kendte trykimprægneringer, hvor der 10 anvendes salte, der kan være giftige.The process according to the invention is characterized in that the linseed oil bath has a temperature of approx. 250 ° C and an insecticide and / or fungicide is added to the linseed oil. In this way, it is first and foremost achieved that the finished woodpieces will not have settled or exhibit 30 cracks or cracks, and in addition will be resistant to insect or fungal attack. Through the penetration of the very hot linseed oil, the temperature of the wood is increased almost shock-like, so that its natural or absorbed content of water is suddenly brought up above the boiling point and swelled. The water is thus replaced by the oil, which fills all natural or unnatural voids found in the tree. The sieved oil will, after a natural or accelerated drying, cure and thereby strengthen / improve the wood. In addition, the finished woodwork can withstand machine machining at a higher speed than previously known, since the impregnating oil will have a significant lubrication effect. Still, the surface of the woodpieces will later be able to withstand paint. Finally, the process is more environmentally friendly than certain known pressure impregnations, where salts that can be toxic are used.
En udformning af fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved, at der til den anvendte linolie er tilsat tørrelse (sikkativ), hvorved olien hurtigere end ellers vil hærdne.An embodiment of the process according to the invention is characterized in that drying (siccative) is added to the linseed oil, whereby the oil will cure faster than otherwise.
1515
En anden udformning af fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved, at der til den anvendte linolie er sat far-vepigmenter. Derved opnås, at de færdige træemner får et mere tiltalende udseende, idet farvepigmenterne især sætter sig på 20 træemnernes overflade. Indtrængningen er afhængig af træets art, dimension og oprindelige placering i træstammen.Another embodiment of the process according to the invention is characterized in that color pigments are added to the linseed oil used. This gives the finished woodpieces a more appealing appearance, with the color pigments in particular settling on the surface of the 20 woodpieces. The penetration depends on the nature, dimension and original location of the tree in the tree trunk.
Endnu en udformning af fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved, at de behandlede emner er af gammelt (t i d -25 ligere brugt) træ. Herved kan gammelt tilsyneladende udslidt træ finde anvendelse på ny, idet et behandlet træemne kan monteres på sit gamle monteringssted, f.eks. i forbindelse med en restaurering, idet træet får sin oprindelige, naturlige styrke tilbage, ja måske bliver stærkere end som så.Yet another embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the treated items are of old (t in d -25 or less used) wood. Hereby old seemingly worn wood can be re-used, since a treated woodpile can be mounted at its old mounting location, e.g. in connection with a restoration, in that the tree regains its original, natural strength, perhaps stronger than that.
3030
Ifølge opfindelsen kan neddypn i ngen foretages således, at indtrængningen af linolie i træemnet sker til ret ringe dybde, hvorved man kan fremstille træemner af ret forskellig kvalitet .According to the invention, immersion can be made in such a way that the penetration of linseed oil into the woodpile takes place to a fairly low depth, whereby woodpieces of quite different quality can be produced.
3535
Fremdeles kan ifølge opfindelsen træemnerne efter imprægneringen med linolien underkastes tørring (en hærdningsproces) i DK 172239 B1 3 varmekammer eller autoklave. Derved kan det enkelte traeemne få netop den styrke, som ønskes.Still, according to the invention, after the impregnation with the linseed oil, the wood blanks can be subjected to drying (a curing process) in DK 172239 B1 3 heating chamber or autoclave. In this way, the individual woodpile can have the exact strength desired.
Endelig kan ifølge opfindelsen de behandlede emner være af en let træsort eller træ af ringe naturlig styrke, hvorved opnås, 5 at billigt træ kan gøres mere anvendeligt til byggeformål og dermed mere værdifuldt.Finally, according to the invention, the treated items can be of a light wood or wood of low natural strength, thereby obtaining that cheap wood can be made more useful for construction purposes and thus more valuable.
Det bør tilføjes, at fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen også er økologisk værdifuld, idet de anvendte midler kan nedbrydes og eventuelle reststoffer anvendes til andre formål, f.eks. ma~ 10 ling.It should be added that the process of the invention is also ecologically valuable in that the agents used can be degraded and any residual substances used for other purposes, e.g. ma ~ 10 ling.
Opfindelsen forklares nedenfor under henvisning til nogle udførelseseksempler.The invention is explained below with reference to some embodiments.
Eksempel 1Example 1
Et antal nye vinduesrammer (500 x 1000 mm) af fyrretræ, som 15 ønskedes forbedret med hensyn til trækvaliteten, blev befriet for glas og eventuelle beslag. Rammerne blev derefter ned-dyppet i et stort opvarmet kar indeholdende linoliefernis, dvs. ren linolie tilsat tørrelse (siccativ) samt et insekticid og fungicid. Linolien havde en temperatur på 250°C eller lidt 20 derunder. Rammerne holdtes neddyppede i 10-20 min. Derefter løftedes de op af badet og blev bragt til et tørrekammer, hvor lufttemperaturen var ca. 50°C, og der var et jævnt langsomt luftskifte. Den til linolien tilsatte tørrelse (siccativ) udgjordes af 0,07% bly, 0,003% mangan og 0,004% calcium. Som 25 insekticid og fungicid var tilsat følgende naftanater: 0,3% kobbernaftanat og 0,3% zinknaftanat. De færdige rammer udviste en markant forbedring af træets styrke, og samlingerne mellem de rammestykker, hvoraf den enkelte ramme var opbygget, viste sig at blive meget kompakte. Rammerne udviste ingen tendens 30 til kastning (vindskævhed) og var helt fri for svampesporer, idet de ikke kunne danne grobund herfor.A number of new window frames (500 x 1000 mm) of pine, which were desired to be improved in terms of wood quality, were freed from glass and any fittings. The frames were then dipped into a large heated vessel containing linseed oil varnish, ie. pure linseed oil with added drying (siccative) as well as an insecticide and fungicide. The linseed oil had a temperature of 250 ° C or slightly below. The frames were immersed for 10-20 min. Then they were lifted out of the bath and brought to a drying chamber where the air temperature was approx. 50 ° C and there was an even slow air change. The dryness (siccative) added to the linseed oil was 0.07% lead, 0.003% manganese and 0.004% calcium. The following naphthanates were added as insecticide and fungicide: 0.3% copper naphthanate and 0.3% zinc naphthanate. The finished frames showed a marked improvement in the strength of the wood, and the joints between the frame pieces from which each frame was constructed turned out to be very compact. The frames showed no tendency for throwing (bias) and were completely free of fungal spores as they could not form a breeding ground for this.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK084891A DK172239B1 (en) | 1991-05-07 | 1991-05-07 | Process for quality improvement, such as improved preservation, of wood blanks by impregnating them |
| DE69201239T DE69201239T2 (en) | 1991-05-07 | 1992-05-07 | METHOD FOR IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF WOODEN ITEMS, SUCH AS CONSERVATION OF THE WOOD BY IMPREGNATION. |
| AT92910440T ATE117238T1 (en) | 1991-05-07 | 1992-05-07 | METHOD FOR IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF WOODEN ITEMS SUCH AS PRESERVING THE WOOD THROUGH IMPREGNATION. |
| PCT/DK1992/000148 WO1992019429A1 (en) | 1991-05-07 | 1992-05-07 | Method of quality improvement of wooden articles, such as improved preservation of the wood through impregnation thereof |
| EP92910440A EP0576608B1 (en) | 1991-05-07 | 1992-05-07 | Method of quality improvement of wooden articles, such as improved preservation of the wood through impregnation thereof |
| AU17890/92A AU1789092A (en) | 1991-05-07 | 1992-05-07 | Method of quality improvement of wooden articles, such as improved preservation of the wood through impregnation thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK084891A DK172239B1 (en) | 1991-05-07 | 1991-05-07 | Process for quality improvement, such as improved preservation, of wood blanks by impregnating them |
| DK84891 | 1991-05-07 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK84891D0 DK84891D0 (en) | 1991-05-07 |
| DK84891A DK84891A (en) | 1992-11-08 |
| DK172239B1 true DK172239B1 (en) | 1998-02-02 |
Family
ID=8098232
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK084891A DK172239B1 (en) | 1991-05-07 | 1991-05-07 | Process for quality improvement, such as improved preservation, of wood blanks by impregnating them |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0576608B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE117238T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU1789092A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69201239T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK172239B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1992019429A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DK92243C (en) * | 1957-07-20 | 1961-11-20 | Herman Wang | Apparatus for making bags provided with one or more closure strips. |
| DE69216864T2 (en) * | 1992-09-15 | 1997-05-15 | Ulrich Herbert Schirnig | CLEANING METHOD FOR WOODWORK |
| WO1996035560A1 (en) * | 1995-05-08 | 1996-11-14 | The University Of Melbourne | Process of treating wood with preservative |
| DE19715664A1 (en) * | 1997-04-16 | 1998-10-22 | Butzbacher Weichenbau Gmbh | Process for impregnating solids |
| DE19852827A1 (en) | 1998-11-17 | 2000-05-18 | Menz Martin | Wood preservation process |
| SE516982C2 (en) * | 1999-10-07 | 2002-04-02 | Jaerlaasa Faergindustrier Ab | Process for linseed oil impregnation of cellulose-based products |
| AUPR211400A0 (en) | 2000-12-15 | 2001-01-25 | Koppers-Hickson Timber Protection Pty Limited | Material and method for treatment of timber |
| US6686056B2 (en) | 2001-12-04 | 2004-02-03 | Chemical Specialties, Inc. | Reactive oil/copper preservative systems for wood products |
| AU2004230950C1 (en) | 2003-04-09 | 2011-08-04 | Koppers Performance Chemicals Inc. | Micronized wood preservative formulations |
| EP1651401B1 (en) | 2003-06-17 | 2009-07-22 | PhibroWood LLC | Particulate wood preservative and method for producing same |
| SE528250C2 (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2006-10-03 | Calignum Technologies Ab | A composition comprising an initiator and a method of treating wood with the composition |
| US20050252408A1 (en) | 2004-05-17 | 2005-11-17 | Richardson H W | Particulate wood preservative and method for producing same |
| SI1799776T1 (en) | 2004-10-14 | 2013-05-31 | Osmose, Inc. | Micronized wood preservative formulations in organic carriers |
| CA2674270C (en) * | 2007-01-03 | 2016-02-09 | Universite Du Quebec En Abitibi-Temiscamingue (Uqat) | Process and apparatus for the heat treatment of a wood product and treated wood product |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR397786A (en) * | 1908-03-06 | 1909-05-17 | Cyprien Gillet Aine | Treatment process to dry and increase the qualities of wood |
| SE465760B (en) * | 1985-05-28 | 1991-10-28 | Kemira Kemwood Ab | Procedure for impregnating and colouring wood with wood preservatives and pigments in one step |
| SE465790B (en) * | 1990-03-05 | 1991-10-28 | Electrolux Ab | VARIABLE VEHICLE FOR SMALL HIGH-SPEED ENGINES |
-
1991
- 1991-05-07 DK DK084891A patent/DK172239B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1992
- 1992-05-07 DE DE69201239T patent/DE69201239T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-05-07 AT AT92910440T patent/ATE117238T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-05-07 WO PCT/DK1992/000148 patent/WO1992019429A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1992-05-07 AU AU17890/92A patent/AU1789092A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-05-07 EP EP92910440A patent/EP0576608B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE117238T1 (en) | 1995-02-15 |
| DE69201239T2 (en) | 1995-05-18 |
| EP0576608B1 (en) | 1995-01-18 |
| AU1789092A (en) | 1992-12-21 |
| WO1992019429A1 (en) | 1992-11-12 |
| EP0576608A1 (en) | 1994-01-05 |
| DE69201239D1 (en) | 1995-03-02 |
| DK84891A (en) | 1992-11-08 |
| DK84891D0 (en) | 1991-05-07 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| B1 | Patent granted (law 1993) | ||
| PBP | Patent lapsed |