DK171819B1 - Method and apparatus for continuous microbiological denitrification of groundwater - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for continuous microbiological denitrification of groundwater Download PDFInfo
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- DK171819B1 DK171819B1 DK497087A DK497087A DK171819B1 DK 171819 B1 DK171819 B1 DK 171819B1 DK 497087 A DK497087 A DK 497087A DK 497087 A DK497087 A DK 497087A DK 171819 B1 DK171819 B1 DK 171819B1
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- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 title description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003097 mucus Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000003276 Apios tuberosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010744 Arachis villosulicarpa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010036790 Productive cough Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001651 autotrophic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012084 conversion product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014103 egg white Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000969 egg white Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013048 microbiological method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004005 nitrosamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000972 organotrophic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003802 sputum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000024794 sputum Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
- C02F3/305—Nitrification and denitrification treatment characterised by the denitrification
- C02F3/306—Denitrification of water in soil
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/002—Reclamation of contaminated soil involving in-situ ground water treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Accessories For Mixers (AREA)
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
DK 171819 B1 iDK 171819 B1 i
Opfindelsen angår en fremgangsmåde til kontinuerlig mikrobiologisk denitrifikation af grundvand ved hjælp af naturgas, især methan, og en indretning til gennemførsel af fremgangsmåden.The invention relates to a method for continuous microbiological denitrification of groundwater by means of natural gas, especially methane, and a device for carrying out the process.
5 De for tiden lovligt tilladte maksimale koncen trationer på 90 mg NO3 pr. liter i drikkevand nedsættes snart til 50 mg NO3 pr. liter. EF-standardværdien er endnu lavere, 25 mg NO3 pr. liter. For vandværkerne bliver det følgeligt nødvendigt, at gribe til foranstalt-10 ninger til formindskelse af for høje nitratkoncentrationer, for at undgå standsning. Grundvandets nitratindhold er særligt højt i nærheden af intensivt dyrkede jordbrugsarealer på grund af de store mængder tilført gødning og gylle.5 The currently legally permitted maximum concentrations of 90 mg of NO liter in drinking water is soon reduced to 50 mg NO3 per liter. liter. The EC standard value is even lower, 25 mg NO3 per day. liter. Consequently, for the waterworks it is necessary to take measures to reduce nitrate concentrations too high, in order to avoid stopping. The nitrate content of the groundwater is particularly high in the vicinity of intensively cultivated agricultural areas due to the large quantities of fertilizers and manure supplied.
15 Nitratet i sig selv er ganske vist ikke giftigt i den indtil nu tilladelige koncentration, dog kan dets omdannelsesprodukter, såsom nitrit og nitrosaminforbindelser føre til sundhedsskade. Også den af nitratet fremkaldte stigende hårdhed af grundvandet må anses for 20 økonomisk uheldig.15 Although the nitrate itself is not toxic in the concentration so far permitted, its conversion products, such as nitrite and nitrosamine compounds, can lead to health damage. Also, the increasing hardness of the nitrate caused by the groundwater must be considered economically unfortunate.
Kendte fremgangsmåder til denitrifikation af drikkevand beror på en iodbytning, anvendt osmose eller en mikrobiologisk nedbrydning i amlæg over jorden.Known methods for the denitrification of drinking water are based on an iodine exchange, applied osmosis or a microbiological degradation in groundnuts.
Ved de mikrobiologiske fremgangsmåder benyttes 25 reaktorer, der er anbragt over jorden, med fastlejrede eller fluidiserede partikellag, hvori enten sand eller andre materialer med kornet struktur udgør bærematerialet for en biomasse. Da biomassen til stadighed forøges hvorved reaktorens virkningsfuldhed hæmmes, er det for 30 reaktorer med fast leje nødvendigt med skylleanlæg, således at den dannede biomasse fra tid til anden fjernes fra reaktoren. I reaktorer med fluidiseret leje udskylles bakterieoverskuddet kontinuerligt med strømmen, med en efterfølgende adskillelse der fra.Yderligere kan det 35 være nødvendigt med en efter rensning af det vand, der forlader nitrifikationsreaktoren, ved iltning og efter-filtrering.In the microbiological methods, 25 reactors placed above the ground are used with fixed or fluidized particle layers, in which either sand or other granular structure materials constitute the support material for a biomass. As the biomass is constantly increased thereby inhibiting the efficacy of the reactor, for 30 fixed-bed reactors, flushing systems are needed so that the biomass formed from time to time is removed from the reactor. In fluidized bed reactors, the bacterial excess is continuously flushed with the stream, with a subsequent separation therefrom. Further, after purification of the water leaving the nitrification reactor, oxygenation and post-filtration may be necessary.
2 DK 171819 B1 I DVGW-skrifterne "Wasser" nr. 105, Eschborn 1894, side 188 til 190 beskrives en fremgangsmåde til underjordisk rensning af nitratrigt grundvand ved blanding med renset spildvand eller med opløst naturgas. Ved 5 denne fremgangsmåde behandles nitratrigt grundvand med en vandblanding af biologisk renset og efterrenset spildvand og grundvand eller ved injektion in situ med grundvand, som over jorden er tilsat methanrigt naturgas. De i jorden henholdsvis i grundvandet forhåndenvæ-10 rende autotrofe og heterotrofe mikroorganismer reducerer nitrat til nitrogen og vand, de anvender oxygenet i nitratet til oxidation af hydrogen og carbon. Ganske vist sker der ved denne fremgangsmåde en nedbrydning af forhåndenværende nitrat, men ikke desto mindre indtræder 15 der efter kort tid en tilstoppelse af sivebrønden af den bakterieslim som blokerer siveproceseen. En tilstoppelse lader sig ikke uden videre fjerne, si i det lange løb er det ikke muligt ved denne fremgangsmåde at opnå en forstyrrelsesfri drift. Hertil kommer at apparatomkostnin-20 ger, til at bringe de gas formi ge reaktanter i opløsning i en flydende delstrøm under tryk og ved hjælp af en almindelig absorber, er forholdsmæssig høje. Også undersøgelser med anvendelse udelukkende af naturgas viser lignende resultater.2 DK 171819 B1 The DVGW writings "Wasser" No. 105, Eschborn 1894, pages 188 to 190 describe a method for underground purification of nitrate-rich groundwater by mixing with purified wastewater or with dissolved natural gas. In this process, nitrate-rich groundwater is treated with a water mixture of biologically purified and post-purified wastewater and groundwater or by injection in situ with groundwater to which methane-rich natural gas is added above ground. The autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms present in the soil and in the groundwater, respectively, reduce nitrate to nitrogen and water, they use the oxygen in the nitrate to oxidize hydrogen and carbon. Admittedly, in this process, degradation of the existing nitrate occurs, but nonetheless, after a short time, a clogging of the seepage well of the bacterial mucus which blocks the seeding process occurs. A blockage is not easily removed, since in the long run it is not possible in this method to achieve a disturbance-free operation. In addition, apparatus costs to dissolve the gaseous reactants in a liquid partial stream under pressure and by means of a conventional absorber are relatively high. Also studies using only natural gas show similar results.
25 Det er ved opfindelsen tilsigtet at tilvejebringe en fremgangsmåde og en indretning til kontinuerlig mikrobiologisk denitrifikation af grundvand ved hjælp af naturgas, især methan, med lave .apparatom kostninger og som fungerer i lange tidsrum, uden at der 30 opstår tilstoppelse i området omkring det grundvandsledende lag.It is an object of the invention to provide a method and apparatus for continuous microbiological denitrification of groundwater by means of natural gas, especially methane, with low apparatus costs and which operate for a long period of time without causing clogging in the area of the groundwater conductor. layer.
Det tilsigtede opnås ved at naturgassen tilføres grundvandet ovenstrøms i forhold til grundvandsudtaget.The intended purpose is achieved by supplying the natural gas to the groundwater upstream of the groundwater outlet.
Dette kan ske periodevist, for at spare naturgas eller 35 methan og samtidig begrænse den på selve stedet dannende biomasse. Denne biomasse fungerer som substrat for hete-rotrofe/organotrofe bakterier til nitratnedbrydningen.This can be done periodically, to save natural gas or 35 methane and at the same time limit the biomass forming on the spot. This biomass acts as a substrate for heat-rotrophic / organotrophic bacteria for the nitrate degradation.
DK 171819 Bl 3DK 171819 Pg 3
Ved forsøg har det overraskende vist sig, at tilførslen af naturgas eller methan forstærker den naturligt forløbende denitrifikation i grundvandet uden at det i området omkring tilførselstedet fører til tilstop-5 pelse med bakterieslimen. Den direkte tilførsel af naturgas i det grundvandsledende lag fører til meget lave driftsomkostninger i sammenligning med andre kendte fremgangsmåder, derudover fremkommer der ingen miljøbelastende reaktionsprodukter.By experiment, it has been surprisingly found that the supply of natural gas or methane enhances the naturally occurring denitrification in the groundwater without causing it to become clogged with the bacterial mucus in the area around the supply site. The direct supply of natural gas into the groundwater conducting layer leads to very low operating costs compared to other known methods, in addition no environmentally harmful reaction products are produced.
10 Virkningsmekanismen i grundvandet kan beskrives generelt ved de efterfølgende reaktionsligninger: CH4 + 2 02 = HC0~ + H+ + H20 15 5 CH4 + 8 N0“3 = 4 N2 + 5 HCO*"^ + 6 H20 + 3 0H“The mechanism of action in the groundwater can generally be described by the following reaction equations: CH4 + 202 = HC0 ~ + H + + H2O 15 5 CH4 + 8N0 "3 = 4 N2 + 5HCO *" + 6 H2O + 30H "
Fe2+ °2 +H2° Fe (OH), 20 I denne forbindelse skal der tages hensyn til, at de mikroorganismer, som står for nedbrydningen af nitrat er aerobier, som kun i et i Øvrigt anaerobt miljø udnytter nitrationens oxygen og derved benytter naturgassens methan som energikilde.Fe2 + ° 2 + H2 ° Fe (OH), 20 In this connection, it must be borne in mind that the microorganisms responsible for the degradation of nitrate are aerobics which utilize only the oxygen of the nitration in an otherwise anaerobic environment and thereby use the methane of the natural gas. as a source of energy.
25 Under denne reaktion stiger grundvandets pH, hvilket kan føre til uønsket kalkudfældning. Samtidig fremkommer i et uønsket stort omfang biomasse af mikroorganismerne, som står for nedbrydningen af nitrat. For at sænke pH og opnå en forskydning af bakteriestofskif-30 tet i retning af en undertrykkelse af bakterievæksten i området omkring tilførselsstedet, og dermed undgå tilstoppelse, tilføres grundvandet hensigtsmæssigt carbondioxidgas sammen med naturgassen. På denne måde opnås et bestemt redoxpotentiale såvel som undgåelse af uheldige 35 påvirkninger af det grundvandsledende lags kalk-kulsy-re-system.During this reaction, the pH of the groundwater rises, which can lead to unwanted lime precipitation. At the same time, biomass of the microorganisms, which accounts for the degradation of nitrate, appears to an undesirable extent. In order to lower the pH and obtain an offset of the bacterial change towards suppression of the bacterial growth in the area around the supply site, and thus avoid clogging, the groundwater is suitably supplied with carbon dioxide gas together with the natural gas. In this way, a certain redox potential as well as the avoidance of adverse effects on the groundwater conducting layer's carbon dioxide system are obtained.
4 DK 171819 B14 DK 171819 B1
Hvis oxygenindholdet i grundvandet er for lavt, kan oxygen tilføres grundvandet ovenstrøms i forhold til tilførselsstedet for naturgas og/eller nedenstrøms før grundvandsudtaget. På denne måde dannes der et 5 aerobt miljø ovenstrøms i forhold til det anaerobe miljø.If the oxygen content of the groundwater is too low, oxygen can be supplied to the groundwater upstream from the point of supply of natural gas and / or downstream before the groundwater withdrawal. In this way, an aerobic environment is created upstream of the anaerobic environment.
Oxygen og naturgas kan også tilføres adskilt på samme sted og blandes med hinanden ved tilførselsstedet i grundvandet.Oxygen and natural gas can also be supplied separately at the same site and mixed with each other at the point of application in the groundwater.
10 Ved den ifølge de ovenstående ligninger forløben de reaktion fremkommer der på grund af næringsstofudbudet en masseophobning af mikroorganismer, hvor det drejer sig om en biomasse. Grundelementerne i denne biomasse består overvejende af æggehvidestoffer. Biomassen 15 kan ganske vist kun udvikles tilfredsstillende, når der er et tilstrækkeligt antal phosphationer til rådighed for stofskriftet. Derfor kan man tilføre grundvandet en phosphatopløsning alene og/eller sammen med oxygen. Der kan desuden tilledes oxygengas ovenstrøms i forhold til 20 udtagsstedet, dvs. mellem tilførselsstedet for naturgas og udtaget, hvis der i indgangsfasen er et utilfredsstillende indhold af jern, mangan og nitrit.10 In the reaction according to the above equations, due to the supply of nutrients, a mass accumulation of microorganisms occurs, in which it is a biomass. The basic elements of this biomass are predominantly egg whites. Admittedly, biomass 15 can only be developed satisfactorily when there is a sufficient number of phosphate ions available for the drug. Therefore, groundwater can be added to a phosphate solution alone and / or together with oxygen. In addition, oxygen gas can be fed upstream from the outlet location, ie. between the point of supply of natural gas and the outlet if there is an unsatisfactory content of iron, manganese and nitrite in the initial phase.
Yderligere kan grundvandet tilføres en næringsopløsning af f.eks. phosphater, sporstoffer og vitaminer 25 alene eller i blanding med en eller flere gasser, for på denne måde at sikre et optimalt CsNjP-forhold. Fortrinsvis indstilles, henholdsvis holdes C:N:P-forholdet på 100:10:1. I forbindelse hermed indstilles carbonkon-centrationen ved hjælp af naturgas og/eller carbondioxid 30 samt ved hjælp af opløst biomasse, og phosphorkoncentra-tionen indstilles ved hjælp af næringsopløsningen eller phosphat, medens nitrogenkoncentrationen på forhånd er bestemt af grundvandets nitratindhold.Further, the groundwater can be fed with a nutrient solution of e.g. phosphates, trace elements and vitamins alone or in admixture with one or more gases, in this way to ensure an optimal CsNjP ratio. Preferably, the C: N: P ratio is maintained at 100: 10: 1, respectively. In connection with this, the carbon concentration is adjusted by means of natural gas and / or carbon dioxide 30 as well as by dissolved biomass and the phosphorus concentration is adjusted by the nutrient solution or phosphate, while the nitrogen concentration is predetermined by the groundwater nitrate content.
En indretning til gennemførsel af fremgangsmåden 35 ifølge opfindelsen omfatter et gasspyd med en gastæt, trykbestandig kappe og gastilslutning. Dette gasspyd kan DK 171819 B1 5 på en hvilken som helst måde indføres i det grundvandsledende lag i jorden og muliggør tilførsel af naturgas, carbondioxid og oxygen samt eventuelt phosphatopløsning under det nødvendige tryk. Afstanden mellem gasspydet og 5 udtagelsesbrønden svarer til en opholdstid for grundvandet i den ved fremgangsmåden tilvejebragte bioreaktor på mindst 4,5 timer.A device for carrying out the method 35 according to the invention comprises a gas spigot with a gas-tight, pressure-resistant jacket and gas connection. This gas sputum can in any way be introduced into the groundwater conducting layer in the soil and allows the supply of natural gas, carbon dioxide and oxygen as well as possible phosphate solution under the required pressure. The distance between the gas spike and the take-out well corresponds to a residence time of groundwater in the bioreactor provided by the process of at least 4.5 hours.
For at muliggøre en boblefri tilledning af gas i grundvandet, kan man på gasspydets udgangsåbning anbrin-10 ge et membranfilter, fortrinsvis en sintermetalplade.In order to enable a bubble-free supply of gas into the groundwater, a membrane filter, preferably a sinter metal plate, may be applied to the outlet opening of the gas skewer.
Opfindelsen belyses nærmere ved hjælp af tegningen.The invention is further illustrated by means of the drawings.
På denne viser: fig. 1 en indretning med to tilførselsbrønde 15 og fig. 2 en indretning til områdedækkende til førsel af gas og opløsninger.In this FIG. 1 shows a device with two supply wells 15 and FIG. 2 shows an area-wide device for conveying gas and solutions.
I et grundvands ledende lag 12 stikker en kon-trolniveaumåler 1 op i området omkring en tilføreels-20 brønd 2 til oxygen og eventuelt til phosphatopløsning, samt yderligere en tilførselsbrønd 6 til methan og carbondioxid, samt endnu en kontrolniveaumåler 11 i området omkring en udtagelsesbrønd 9. Grundvandsstrømningsretningen svarer til retningen af en pil 14 25 fra kontrolniveaumåleren 1 til udtagelsesbrønden 9. Tilførselsbrøndene 2 og 6 er afbildet som gasspyd, hvis ender, som stikker ned i det grundvands ledende lag 12, er forsynet med et membranfilter i form af en sintermetalplade 3.In a groundwater conducting layer 12, a control level meter 1 projects into the area around a supply well 2 for oxygen and optionally for phosphate solution, as well as an additional supply well 6 for methane and carbon dioxide, and a further control level meter 11 in the area around a take-out well 9. The groundwater flow direction corresponds to the direction of an arrow 14 25 from the control level gauge 1 to the take-out well 9. The supply wells 2 and 6 are depicted as gas skewers, whose ends protruding into the groundwater conductive layer 12 are provided with a membrane filter in the form of a sinter metal plate 3. .
30 Enderne af tilførselsbrøndene 2, 6, 15, som rager op over jordoverfladen, er lukket med en gastæt, trykbestandig kappe 4, som viser tilslutningerne for de tilledende gasser og (ikke vist her) til phosphat-opløsningen. Tilførselsbrøndene 2 og 15 er forbundet 35 med en oxygenbeholder via det armatur, som er nødvendigt for at tilføre oxygen til det grundvandsledende lag un- DK 171819 B1 6 der det fornødne tryk og i den fornødne mængde. På samme måde er tilførselsbrønden 6 forbundet med en methanbe-holder 7 og en carbondioxidbeholder 8.The ends of the supply wells 2, 6, 15, which protrude above the soil surface, are closed with a gas-tight, pressure-resistant jacket 4, which shows the connections for the supply gases and (not shown here) to the phosphate solution. The supply wells 2 and 15 are connected to an oxygen container via the luminaire necessary to supply oxygen to the groundwater conducting layer under the required pressure and in the required quantity. Similarly, the feed well 6 is connected to a methane container 7 and a carbon dioxide container 8.
I udtagelsesbrønden 9 er anbragt en pumpe 10, 5 som pumper det nitratfrie eller nitratreducerede grundvand op og fører det frem via en vandledning 13.A pump 10, 5 is arranged in the take-out well 9, which pumps up the nitrate-free or nitrate-reduced groundwater and feeds it via a water line 13.
Tilførselsbrønden 2 til oxygen er placeret ovenstrøms i forhold til tilførselsbrønden 6 for me-than og carbondioxid, og denne er igen placeret oven-10 strøms i forhold til udtagelsesbrønden 9.The oxygen supply well 2 is located upstream of the methane and carbon dioxide supply well 6, and this is again located upstream of the extraction well 9.
Mellem udtagelsesbrønden 9 og tilførselsbrøndene 2 og 6, danner der sig så at sige en underjordisk bioreaktor, hvor grundvandet strømmer horisontalt i pilen 14's retning.Between the take-off well 9 and the supply wells 2 and 6, so-called an underground bioreactor is formed, where the groundwater flows horizontally in the direction of arrow 14.
15 Det ved tilsætning af oxygen, naturgas, carbon dioxid og eventuelt phosphatopløsning og efter denitri-fikationsforløbet påny med oxygen konditionerede grundvand transporterer samtidig indenfor bioreaktoren selv de nærings- og puf fer stof fer, som er nødvendige for den 20 indenfor reaktionsstrækningen i det grundvandsledende lag forløbende omsætning af nitrat til nitrogen og vand.15 The addition of oxygen, natural gas, carbon dioxide and possibly phosphate solution and after the denitrification process again with oxygen conditioned groundwater simultaneously transports within the bioreactor even the nutrients and buffers necessary for the reaction within the groundwater conducting layer. progressive conversion of nitrate to nitrogen and water.
Herved opstår én i sig selv mikrobiologisk aktiv specifik virksom, underjordisk bioreaktor, hvor overspuling ved tilførselsbrøndene 2 og 6 ikke er nødvendigt 25 efter et periodisk vandudtag. Der er desuden ikke behov for efterrensning af det fra udtagelsesbrønden 9 førte grundvand, til fjernelse af reaktionsslutprodukterne fra denitrifikationen.This results in one microbiologically active, specific underground bioreactor in itself, where flushing at supply wells 2 and 6 is not necessary after a periodic water withdrawal. In addition, there is no need for post-purification of the groundwater from the take-off well 9 to remove the reaction end products from denitrification.
Til overvågelse af denitrifikationen, behøver man 30 kun at undersøge og kontrollere det, der påvirker systemet, såsom grundvandets vandtemperatur, dets vandkvalitet, strømningshastighed og strømningsretning, samt det grundvandsledende lag's biologiske opbygning. Endvidere er det nødvendigt at bestemme tilførselsstofferne og re-35 aktionsprodukterne. Således skal pH-værdi, total hårdhed, syre- og basekapacitet, nitrat-, nitrit-, jern-, DK 171819 B1 7 mangan- og oxygenindholdet samt kimtallet kontrolleres før og efter behandlingen.In order to monitor denitrification, one only needs to investigate and control what affects the system, such as the groundwater water temperature, its water quality, flow rate and flow direction, and the biological structure of the groundwater conducting layer. Furthermore, it is necessary to determine the feedstock and reaction products. Thus, the pH value, total hardness, acid and base capacity, nitrate, nitrite, iron, manganese and oxygen content as well as the number of germs must be checked before and after treatment.
For at forsyne grundvandet i et større område med reaktanterne, anbringes mange tilførselsbrønde eller 5 spyd 16 til tilførsel af en blanding af gas, næringsopløsning og vand, f.eks. 5 til 30, med afstand fra hinanden. Hvert spyd 16 er tillige, via hver sin særlig pneumatisk eller elektrisk styrede doseringsventil 17, tilsluttet et blandingsrør 18, der via tillednin-10 gerne 19, 20, 21 forsynes med gas, næringsopløsning eller vand. De enkelte doseringsventiler betjenes ved hjælp af en styreenhed 22 og styreledningerne 23.In order to supply the groundwater in a larger area with the reactants, many supply wells or spears 16 are applied to supply a mixture of gas, nutrient solution and water, e.g. 5 to 30, spaced apart. Each spear 16 is also connected, via its own pneumatically or electrically controlled metering valve 17, to a mixing tube 18 which is supplied with gas, nutrient solution or water via the connections 10, 19, 20, 21. The individual metering valves are operated by a control unit 22 and the control lines 23.
I blandingsrøret 18 kan man indstille forskellige blandingsforhold ved dosering af reaktanterne. Gasserne 15 tilføres blandingsrøret 18 via ledningen 19 som blanding eller via ikke viste enkeltledninger. Da naturgas, carbondioxid og oxygen ikke kan tilføres sammen, fordi dette kan føre til en eksplosion, kan der kun føres enten naturgas og carbondioxid eller oxygen via 20 gasledningen 19 til blandingsrøret 18. For tilførsel af oxygen er det derfor altid nødvendigt med en separat indretning af den i fig. 2 viste art.In mixing tube 18, different mixing ratios can be set by dosing the reactants. The gases 15 are supplied to the mixing tube 18 via the conduit 19 as a mixture or via single conduits not shown. Since natural gas, carbon dioxide and oxygen cannot be supplied together because this can lead to an explosion, only either natural gas and carbon dioxide or oxygen can be fed through the gas line 19 to the mixing pipe 18. Therefore, a separate device is required to supply oxygen. of the one shown in FIG. 2 art.
De enkelte spyd 16 kan ensartet eller enkeltvis eventuelt efter hinanden, tilføres lige store reaktant-25 mængder pr tidsenhed.The individual skewers 16 can be supplied uniformly or individually, one after the other, with equal reactant quantities per unit time.
Det er således muligt ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen at frembringe en i grundvandsstrømmen værende bioreaktor med enkle midler, hvor tilbageskylning ved periodisk vandudtag ved tilførselsstedet ikke er nødven-30 digt. . Det er desuden særlig fordelagtigt, at det fra udtagelsesbrønden førte grundvand ikke kræver efterrens-ning, for at fjerne eventuelle reaktionsprodukter fra denitrifikationen.Thus, it is possible in the process of the invention to produce a simple reactive bioreactor in the groundwater stream, where backwash at periodic water withdrawal at the point of supply is not necessary. . In addition, it is particularly advantageous that the groundwater flowing from the sampling well does not require post-purification to remove any reaction products from denitrification.
3535
Claims (13)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3632711 | 1986-09-26 | ||
| DE3632711A DE3632711C1 (en) | 1986-09-26 | 1986-09-26 | Method and device for the continuous microbiological denitrification of groundwater |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK497087D0 DK497087D0 (en) | 1987-09-22 |
| DK497087A DK497087A (en) | 1988-03-27 |
| DK171819B1 true DK171819B1 (en) | 1997-06-23 |
Family
ID=6310401
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK497087A DK171819B1 (en) | 1986-09-26 | 1987-09-22 | Method and apparatus for continuous microbiological denitrification of groundwater |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0261516B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE82232T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3632711C1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK171819B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3632711C1 (en) * | 1986-09-26 | 1988-06-23 | Gelsenwasser Ag | Method and device for the continuous microbiological denitrification of groundwater |
| DE3741613A1 (en) * | 1987-12-09 | 1989-06-22 | Stadtwerke Bocholt Gmbh | Process for microbial nitrate breakdown (denitrification) in water, and method for carrying out this process |
| DE3917368A1 (en) * | 1989-05-29 | 1991-03-21 | Degremont | METHOD FOR BIOLOGICALLY CONVERSING SOLVED NITRATES AND SYSTEM FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD |
| CA2122269A1 (en) * | 1992-08-27 | 1994-03-17 | Terry C. Hazen | Bioremediation of contaminated groundwater |
| FR2738234B1 (en) * | 1995-08-29 | 1998-10-30 | Degremont | PROCESS FOR REMOVAL OF NITROGEN COMPOUNDS AND REMINERALIZATION OF LOWLY MINERALIZED WATER |
| DE19700872C2 (en) * | 1997-01-06 | 1998-10-29 | Ufz Leipzighalle Gmbh | Method and device for groundwater testing |
| WO2006135028A1 (en) * | 2005-06-15 | 2006-12-21 | Central Research Institute Of Electric Power Industry | Method of feeding microbial activity controlling substance, apparatus therefor, and making use of the same, method of environmental cleanup and bioreactor |
| WO2007069899A1 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2007-06-21 | St. Katholieke Universiteit Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen | Anaerobic oxidation of methane and denitrification |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3788398A (en) * | 1971-12-01 | 1974-01-29 | Mobil Oil Corp | Oil recovery process |
| US4392530A (en) * | 1981-04-30 | 1983-07-12 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Method of improved oil recovery by simultaneous injection of steam and water |
| DE3121395A1 (en) * | 1981-05-29 | 1982-12-16 | Klaus Ing.(grad.) 5600 Wuppertal Kratzenstein | Process and plant for denitrification of water |
| US4401569A (en) * | 1981-07-09 | 1983-08-30 | Groundwater Decontamination Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for treating hydrocarbon and halogenated hydrocarbon contaminated ground and ground water |
| CH653317A5 (en) * | 1982-02-18 | 1985-12-31 | Sulzer Ag | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR THE BIOLOGICAL DENITRIFICATION OF GROUNDWATER. |
| US4640355A (en) * | 1985-03-26 | 1987-02-03 | Chevron Research Company | Limited entry method for multiple zone, compressible fluid injection |
| DE3632711C1 (en) * | 1986-09-26 | 1988-06-23 | Gelsenwasser Ag | Method and device for the continuous microbiological denitrification of groundwater |
-
1986
- 1986-09-26 DE DE3632711A patent/DE3632711C1/en not_active Expired
-
1987
- 1987-09-11 EP EP87113293A patent/EP0261516B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-09-11 AT AT87113293T patent/ATE82232T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-09-22 DK DK497087A patent/DK171819B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1988
- 1988-03-24 DE DE3809948A patent/DE3809948A1/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3809948A1 (en) | 1989-03-23 |
| DK497087D0 (en) | 1987-09-22 |
| DE3632711C1 (en) | 1988-06-23 |
| EP0261516A2 (en) | 1988-03-30 |
| DK497087A (en) | 1988-03-27 |
| ATE82232T1 (en) | 1992-11-15 |
| EP0261516B1 (en) | 1992-11-11 |
| EP0261516A3 (en) | 1988-11-09 |
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| B1 | Patent granted (law 1993) | ||
| PBP | Patent lapsed |