[go: up one dir, main page]

DK1554093T3 - Fremgangsmåde til forbedring af et trælegemes overfladehårdhed med en vandig oplösning af et imprægneringsmiddel - Google Patents

Fremgangsmåde til forbedring af et trælegemes overfladehårdhed med en vandig oplösning af et imprægneringsmiddel

Info

Publication number
DK1554093T3
DK1554093T3 DK03807829T DK03807829T DK1554093T3 DK 1554093 T3 DK1554093 T3 DK 1554093T3 DK 03807829 T DK03807829 T DK 03807829T DK 03807829 T DK03807829 T DK 03807829T DK 1554093 T3 DK1554093 T3 DK 1554093T3
Authority
DK
Denmark
Prior art keywords
wood body
aqueous solution
surface hardness
impregnating agent
improving
Prior art date
Application number
DK03807829T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Andreas Krause
Holger Militz
Original Assignee
Basf Ag
Andreas Krause
Holger Militz
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Basf Ag, Andreas Krause, Holger Militz filed Critical Basf Ag
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DK1554093T3 publication Critical patent/DK1554093T3/da

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/08—Impregnating by pressure, e.g. vacuum impregnation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/15—Impregnating involving polymerisation including use of polymer-containing impregnating agents
    • B27K3/156—Combined with grafting onto wood fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/15—Impregnating involving polymerisation including use of polymer-containing impregnating agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
    • B27K3/343—Heterocyclic compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
    • B27K5/06—Softening or hardening of wood
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
    • C08L97/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
    • C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31971—Of carbohydrate
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31971—Of carbohydrate
    • Y10T428/31975—Of cellulosic next to another carbohydrate
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31971—Of carbohydrate
    • Y10T428/31975—Of cellulosic next to another carbohydrate
    • Y10T428/31978—Cellulosic next to another cellulosic
    • Y10T428/31982—Wood or paper
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31971—Of carbohydrate
    • Y10T428/31975—Of cellulosic next to another carbohydrate
    • Y10T428/31978—Cellulosic next to another cellulosic
    • Y10T428/31986—Regenerated or modified
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31971—Of carbohydrate
    • Y10T428/31989—Of wood
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/4935—Impregnated naturally solid product [e.g., leather, stone, etc.]
    • Y10T428/662—Wood timber product [e.g., piling, post, veneer, etc.]

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
DK03807829T 2002-10-04 2003-10-01 Fremgangsmåde til forbedring af et trælegemes overfladehårdhed med en vandig oplösning af et imprægneringsmiddel DK1554093T3 (da)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2002146400 DE10246400A1 (de) 2002-10-04 2002-10-04 Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Oberflächenhärte eines Holzkörpers mit einer wässrigen Lösung eines Imprägniermittels

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DK1554093T3 true DK1554093T3 (da) 2006-06-19

Family

ID=32086845

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DK03807829T DK1554093T3 (da) 2002-10-04 2003-10-01 Fremgangsmåde til forbedring af et trælegemes overfladehårdhed med en vandig oplösning af et imprægneringsmiddel

Country Status (19)

Country Link
US (1) US7494718B2 (da)
EP (1) EP1554093B1 (da)
JP (1) JP4496408B2 (da)
KR (1) KR20050097913A (da)
CN (1) CN100522520C (da)
AT (1) ATE321635T1 (da)
AU (1) AU2003276016B2 (da)
BR (1) BR0314993B1 (da)
CA (1) CA2501053C (da)
DE (2) DE10246400A1 (da)
DK (1) DK1554093T3 (da)
ES (1) ES2262026T3 (da)
MX (1) MXPA05003418A (da)
NO (1) NO333050B1 (da)
PL (1) PL203990B1 (da)
PT (1) PT1554093E (da)
RU (1) RU2005113174A (da)
UA (1) UA80564C2 (da)
WO (1) WO2004033171A1 (da)

Families Citing this family (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10246400A1 (de) 2002-10-04 2004-08-05 Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Oberflächenhärte eines Holzkörpers mit einer wässrigen Lösung eines Imprägniermittels
KR20080002805A (ko) * 2005-03-04 2008-01-04 바스프 악티엔게젤샤프트 리그노셀룰로스를 주성분으로 하는 미립자 물질로부터의성형체의 제조
DE102005010041A1 (de) * 2005-03-04 2006-09-07 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Holzwerkstoffen
US7846508B2 (en) 2005-05-02 2010-12-07 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Method for treating wood surfaces
DE102005045533A1 (de) * 2005-09-23 2007-03-29 Basf Ag Verwendung von modifizierten Holzwerkmaterialien zur Herstellung von Gegenständen
DE102005045929A1 (de) 2005-09-26 2007-03-29 Variotec Sandwichelemente Gmbh & Co. Kg Tür
DE102005047363A1 (de) * 2005-10-04 2007-04-12 Basf Ag Formaldehydarmes Lignocellulosematerial und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
DE102005047362A1 (de) * 2005-10-04 2007-04-12 Basf Ag Herstellung modifizierter Lignocellulosematerialien
DE102005050658A1 (de) * 2005-10-20 2007-04-26 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Verminderung der Absorption von Wasser und Wasserdampf und zur Erhöhung der Dimensionsstabilität von Papier und Papierprodukten und Verwendung von beschichteten Papierprodukten
DE102005061998A1 (de) * 2005-12-23 2007-07-05 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung modifizierter Furnierwerkstoffe
KR100804471B1 (ko) * 2006-12-11 2008-02-20 (주)포조피아 목화석 제조방법
DE102007005527A1 (de) 2007-02-03 2008-08-07 Alzchem Trostberg Gmbh Verfahren zur Behandlung von Holzteilen
DE102010009309A1 (de) 2009-02-20 2011-02-03 Technische Universität Dresden Verfahren zur dreidimensionalen Umformung und Formfixierung von Furnieren
CA2768388C (en) * 2009-07-14 2016-08-30 Kemira Oyj Biocidal composition for wood, method for wood treatment, and wood produced thereby
CN102320069A (zh) * 2011-09-22 2012-01-18 东北林业大学 化学功能改良木材的脆性抑制方法
CN103737684B (zh) * 2013-12-26 2016-02-24 浙江大学 提升人工林木材密度的方法
CN107116638A (zh) * 2017-05-17 2017-09-01 安徽省舒城华竹实业有限公司 一种高阻燃重组竹的制备方法
RU2664249C1 (ru) * 2017-09-19 2018-08-15 Ксилеко, Инк Целлюлозные и лигноцеллюлозные структурные материалы и способы, и системы для производства таких материалов
CN109129812A (zh) * 2018-10-17 2019-01-04 合肥慧林建材有限公司 一种无醛防水木质人造板的制备工艺
CN109278151A (zh) * 2018-10-17 2019-01-29 合肥慧林建材有限公司 一种防火阻燃密度板材的制备方法
CN109435002A (zh) * 2018-10-17 2019-03-08 合肥慧林建材有限公司 一种资源节约型板材制备方法
HUE062702T2 (hu) * 2019-09-18 2023-11-28 Georg August Univ Goettingen Módosított faanyag

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3826770A (en) * 1972-03-13 1974-07-30 Chembond Corp Stabilized mixture of urea formaldehyde and methylolureas
GB1509000A (en) * 1974-06-28 1978-04-26 Research Corp Composition and process for treating timber
US4396391B2 (en) * 1982-06-30 1993-03-16 Treating cellulose textile fabrics with dimenthylol dihydroyethyleneuree-polyol
US4908238A (en) * 1984-07-02 1990-03-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Temperature adaptable textile fibers and method of preparing same
SE500039C2 (sv) * 1985-10-10 1994-03-28 Traeteknik Centrum Förfarande för hårdgörning av trä
US5225047A (en) * 1987-01-20 1993-07-06 Weyerhaeuser Company Crosslinked cellulose products and method for their preparation
US5160582A (en) * 1989-06-07 1992-11-03 Chisso Corporation Cellulose-based, inflammable, bulky processed sheets and method for making such sheets
US5384012A (en) * 1993-02-12 1995-01-24 James River Corporation Of Virginia Process for crosslinking of cellulosic fibers
EP0891244B1 (de) 1996-04-01 2000-12-27 Markus Dipl.-Ing. Rettenbacher Formkörper aus imprägniertem holz
DE19654739A1 (de) * 1996-12-30 1998-07-02 Basf Ag Gemischt-alkylierte bzw. -hydroxyalkoxyalkylierte methylolierte 4,5-Dihydroxy-imidazolidin-2-one
TWI224995B (en) * 1998-03-19 2004-12-11 Ciba Sc Holding Ag Stabilization of wood substrates
DE10246400A1 (de) 2002-10-04 2004-08-05 Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Oberflächenhärte eines Holzkörpers mit einer wässrigen Lösung eines Imprägniermittels

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2262026T3 (es) 2006-11-16
JP2006502879A (ja) 2006-01-26
JP4496408B2 (ja) 2010-07-07
CA2501053C (en) 2013-07-02
EP1554093B1 (de) 2006-03-29
PL203990B1 (pl) 2009-11-30
BR0314993B1 (pt) 2014-07-29
US20060051607A1 (en) 2006-03-09
US7494718B2 (en) 2009-02-24
DE50302845D1 (de) 2006-05-18
RU2005113174A (ru) 2005-10-10
WO2004033171A1 (de) 2004-04-22
PL376366A1 (en) 2005-12-27
AU2003276016B2 (en) 2009-05-07
NO333050B1 (no) 2013-02-18
PT1554093E (pt) 2006-05-31
BR0314993A (pt) 2005-08-09
NO20051653L (no) 2005-05-03
MXPA05003418A (es) 2005-07-05
ATE321635T1 (de) 2006-04-15
KR20050097913A (ko) 2005-10-10
CN1703307A (zh) 2005-11-30
UA80564C2 (en) 2007-10-10
AU2003276016A1 (en) 2004-05-04
CA2501053A1 (en) 2004-04-22
EP1554093A1 (de) 2005-07-20
CN100522520C (zh) 2009-08-05
DE10246400A1 (de) 2004-08-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DK1554093T3 (da) Fremgangsmåde til forbedring af et trælegemes overfladehårdhed med en vandig oplösning af et imprægneringsmiddel
DK1556195T3 (da) Fremgangsmåde til forbedring af et trælegemes holdbarhed, dimensionsstabilitet og overfladehårdhed
NO20002665D0 (no) FremgangsmÕte for Õ behandle tre med metallbehandling og tre behandlet derved
DE60134478D1 (de) Flüssige düngemittel aus harnstoff-formaldehyd mit kontrolierter freisetzung
BRPI0507199A (pt) processo para preparar 3-penteno-nitrila por hidrocianação de 1,3-butadieno com cianeto de hidrogênio sobre pelo menos um catalisador
DK1015199T3 (da) Fremgangsmåde til forbedring af imprægneringsevne for træ ved hjælp af svampe
BR0110696B1 (pt) composição polimérica, seu processo de produção, seu uso, processo para produção de corpos moldados de ação antiestática e corpo moldado.
BR0005683A (pt) Processo para melhorar o tempo de secagem de um revestimento externo
PT1123787E (pt) Processo para a proteccao de paletas de madeira do ataque fungico
DK1368169T3 (da) Fremgangsmåde til at reducere emissionen af formaldehyd fra formaldehydmættede lagdelte produkter
SI1368168T1 (sl) Postopek za zmanjšanje emisije formaldehida iz plastastih proizvodov
CN108349105A (zh) 改性的木材制品和用于生产所述制品的方法
BRPI0410280A (pt) uso de copolìmeros de enxerto, processo para a produção de couro, e, couro
EA200700549A1 (ru) Электрод для применения в деионизационном устройстве и способ изготовления такого электрода
ATE319863T1 (de) Abschreckverfahren
DE59910915D1 (de) Herstellung von formamid unter verwendung von natriumdiformylamid
BRPI0413247A (pt) processo para o tratamento de couro, e, uso de auxiliares catiÈnicos ou anfóteros solúveis em água
Florea Influence of austenite deformation on structure and properties of hardened structural steel
NO301969B1 (no) Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av tre-polymer-kompositter
DE60102240D1 (de) Verfahren zur behandlung eines harzenthaltenden holzes
SE9800415L (sv) Ekologiskt baserat tillsatsmedel
BR8207325A (pt) Processo para endurecimento superficial de um componente de aco, componente de aco endurecido, e batedor para um moinho de martelos
PT1032490E (pt) Processo de tratamento termo-mecanico de madeira natural deteriorada ou saturada de agua
JPS577283A (en) Surface treatment porous article
BR0000992B1 (pt) banho e processo para preparação, tratamento e ativação de superfìcies metálicas ferrosas.