DK149011B - Method and layout for removing fat and water from animal material - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a process for degreasing and dewatering animal material, wherein the material is comminuted and heated, preferably with stirring, to a temperature between 40 ° and 70 ° C, after which the material is separated into a solid phase by pressing. mainly bone pieces and protein substances, and in a liquid phase, comprising mainly water and molten fats, and wherein a portion of the liquid phase is reintroduced in a preceding process step or in the same process step. By animal material is meant e.g. slaughterhouse waste from pig and livestock slaughterhouses consisting of bones and viscera from the slaughtered animals, dead animals, animals discarded by the veterinary inspection, waste from poultry slaughterhouses, fish and fish waste etc. This and similar 20 waste materials are generally processed at meat feed mills for meat meal, and technical grease, and in fishmeal mills for fishmeal. In one of the known methods for preparing meat bone meal, the bulk of water and fat is removed from the waste material in a working process, whereby the remaining bone and protein material becomes considerably easier to process. This dewatering and degreasing of the animal material comprises a comminution step to obtain particle sizes in the range of 6 to 38 mm, a heat treatment step where the comminuted material is heated to ca. 95 ° C, a drainage step in which released water and grease is allowed to run off, and a pressing step in which, by means of a screw press, additional fat and water quantities of the material are compressed, cf.

2 149011 1 e.g. U.S. Patent Nos. 3,398,676 and 3,398,677.

The method includes a sterilization step with heating to 125 ° C for several minutes.

5 The dewatering and degreasing of the animal waste is carried out by another known method in that the waste is comminuted and treated with water vapor, so as to assume a temperature not lower than 65 ° C and not higher than 104 ° C. In a centrifuge 10, the slurry obtained is separated into a liquid phase of water and fat and into a solid phase of bone and protein, according to West German Patent No. 2,157,324.

Also, this method may require a sterilization step at higher temperatures.

15

The above known methods provide a solid phase containing a portion of water and fat. By For economic reasons, it is desirable to reduce this residual water and fat content. Accordingly, according to Danish patent specification No. 147,568, a method has been provided as set out in the preamble of claim 1, in which it is possible to perform a drainage and degreasing on the animal waste, which in relation to the operating and investment costs. is more effective than the known methods.

The animal material is comminuted into pieces substantially no larger than 2 cm in transverse dimensions, and preferably stirred to a temperature of between 40 ° and 70 ° C, after which the comminuted and heated material is separated by pressing. in a solid phase and in a liquid phase, wherein the solid phase consists mainly of bone pieces and protein substances, and wherein the liquid phase mainly consists of molten fat and water.

It has now surprisingly been found by experiment that this known method can be improved by proceeding 5 as set forth in the characterizing part of claim 1. Thereby an improved separation of fat and protein substances is obtained so that the final products become better, i.e., that the solid phase contains less fat and the liquid phase fewer proteins than in the known process. You also get a better energy account for the process, because only the part from which it is possible to separate more fat is returned. It is avoided that constituents repeatedly undergo a part of the process, whereby energy consumption per per tonne of raw material is significantly reduced in relation to consumption using the prior art, namely to less than 30 kg of oil per tonne of raw material.

An apparatus for carrying out the method comprising a press, wherein the finely divided and heated material is introduced into the press and the solid phase is withdrawn therefrom, and by means of reintroducing a portion of the liquid phase in a previous process step or in the same process step. is peculiar to the characterizing part of claim 25 2. Hereby the known plant is simply changed so that it works according to the method according to the invention. The means for reintroducing a portion of the liquid phase in a prior process step may simply consist of a pipeline, optionally with a pump or similar conveying means and optionally with a collection vessel between the press and the stage at which the liquid phase is to be reintroduced. The option of adjusting the partition allows simple installation of the plant depending on the raw materials to be processed, as some materials are more water-resistant than others.

5 The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, which shows a preferred embodiment of the invention, fig. 1 is a block diagram of a plant 10 operating in accordance with the method of the invention; FIG. 2 shows a vertical, planar section in a press and associated collecting vessels according to the invention, and FIG. 3 shows a planar horizontal section of the press shown in FIG. 2nd

20 In FIG. Figure 1 shows a complete flow chart in block diagram form of a plant for degreasing and dewatering animal material.

At A, the plant supplies raw material in the form of animal material, such as slaughterhouse waste from pig and cattle slaughterhouses consisting of bones and viscera from slaughtered animals, dead animals, animals discarded by the veterinary control, waste from poultry slaughterhouses, fish and fish waste etc. Other forms of animal material may also be treated. The material is first crushed in a crusher 1, especially crumbs and similar solid components are crushed, in a metal detector 2 any metal pieces that are removed by an automatic sorting mechanism and fed to a metal waste container are detected.

Then the crushed, metal-free animal material is fed to a chopping machine 3. Here, the material 5 is comminuted into pieces that are not substantially larger than 2 cm in transverse dimensions. The comminution can possibly be done in several steps, e.g. first a coarse chopping and then a fine chopping. Preferably, a chopping machine with hollow disc and cutting blades is used, so that all the waste is now a father-like mass with fragments of the waste, ie. meat, meat and bone pieces, etc.

This father-like mass is heated in a so-called coagulator stage 4. During crushing and chopping, the temperature has increased depending on the mechanical forces used. Thus, the heating may take place wholly or partially during the comminution of the animal material.

If the mechanical energy is not sufficient, additional heat energy is added as the material is brought up to a temperature of 40-70 ° C, preferably 40-60 ° C.

This heating is done in a known manner by direct or indirect heating. The heating can take place in a special container, preferably with stirring, so that the material is heated more quickly and so that the heaviest parts do not settle.

From the heating step or coagulator 4, the material is passed to the next step, which is a press 6. If the material is very liquid, the transport from the heating container 4 to the press 6 can be carried out with a sizzle 5, whereby some of the liquid is directly drained 12 and fed to a centrifuge. eg. a tricanter centrifuge 8, which will be discussed in more detail later. Part of the liquid 6 filtered by pressing in the press 6 is also fed to the tricycle 8. The press 6, which may be a screw press, is selected and adapted according to the conditions given for the system in terms of rotational speed, compression, seepage effect, etc.

5 In the screw press 6, the chopped heated material is compressed so that the liquid phase flows out through the press wall and side bottom of the press, while the solid phase of the screw or screws is guided towards the outlet end of the press. The partially dry press cake 14 constitutes the solid phase and is directed to further processing 7, which may include drying and / or sterilization, and a dry product C which is ready for milling is obtained and can then be used, e.g. feed additive part for animals as the product is very protein rich and low in fat.

The drained liquid 12 from the sizzle 5 and the also drained or extruded liquid from the press 20 6 is fed to a centrifuge 8 which e.g. is a so-called tricanter centrifuge which divides the liquid phase in sludge 11, which is returned to the heating stage 4 and re-enters the process, in fat which is passed to the heating stage 9 and in so-called glue water 13.

25

The fat is heated in a heating step 9 to remove any residual water and possibly to be sterilized and then processed into so-called technical fat B.

30

The glue water 13 can be evaporated and concentrated in a heater 10 and the concentrate is fed to the dryer 7.

149011 7 1 From FIG. 1 it appears that it is possible for some of the material to circulate from the press 6 through the tricycle 8, the heater 4 and via the sizzle 5 again to the press 6. If the same portion of 5 material circulates several times, this leads to energy consumption without the corresponding raw material is processed. It has been found that if some of the material is forced to circulate from the press, preferably the least aqueous portion of the liquid phase 10 through the conduit 16 back to the heating step 4, it is avoided that parts of the material repeatedly circulate, as explained above, because thus, the liquid phase 17 becomes relatively more liquid and at the same time a more optimal separation 15 of the solid and the liquid phase is obtained.

In the drawing FIG. 2 and 3 are shown a press 6, preferably a double-screw press with two rotating press screws 21, rotated by a gear 20.

20 The material 18 from the sizzle is inserted into the right side opening of the press and is guided by the press screws 21 to the left during compression, and immediately before gear 20 the solid phase 14 is discharged. Underneath the press wall and side bottom 24 of the press is a vessel 25 23 with a movable partition 22 which can be moved as shown by the double arrow.

The side wall 24 may have uniform hole size or possibly increasing hole size in the conveying direction, so that the material in the two compartments of the vessel receives a very water-containing liquid phase 17 and a slightly non-violent phase 16 which is passed on as explained and explained in connection with FIG. First

8 149011 1 By simply altering the location of the partition 22, one can change the ratio of the little to the very aqueous part into which the liquid phase is divided. This is especially important if significant changes in the content of the raw material occur.

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