DK144407B - Elektrodiatermiapparat - Google Patents
Elektrodiatermiapparat Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK144407B DK144407B DK449774AA DK449774A DK144407B DK 144407 B DK144407 B DK 144407B DK 449774A A DK449774A A DK 449774AA DK 449774 A DK449774 A DK 449774A DK 144407 B DK144407 B DK 144407B
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- switch
- generator
- circuit
- signal
- operate
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 206010014357 Electric shock Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/1206—Generators therefor
- A61B18/1233—Generators therefor with circuits for assuring patient safety
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/14—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to occurrence of voltage on parts normally at earth potential
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
- Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
- Emergency Alarm Devices (AREA)
- Rectifiers (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Generation Of Surge Voltage And Current (AREA)
Description
144407
Opfindelsen angår et elektrodiatermiapparat med en generator, der har klemmer beregnet til at blive forbundet med henholdsvis en aktiv elektrode og en inaktiv pladeelektrode, og med et overvågningskredsløb, der er indrettet til at betjene en afbryder og afbryde genera-5 toren og/eller frembringe et alarmsignal, når der opstår visse uønskede driftsforhold.
Med et sådant elektrodiatermiapparat er der forbundet en risiko for elektriske stød. Dette gælder især for diatermigeneratorer, hvor elek-10 troderne er direkte forbundet med en patient.
Ved en konventionel diatermigenerator er en pladeelektrode forbundet med jord, hvorfor patientens legeme er direkte jordforbundet. Et af de mest almindelige tilfælde med elektrisk stød forekommer, når en 15 elektrisk strøm passerer fra en strømførende kilde, der er i kontakt med patienten, til jord via pladeelektroden. Den strømførende kilde kan være en elektrode fra et andet apparat, der er blevet strømførende som følge af en fejl i apparatet.
20 Denne risiko for elektrisk stød kan fjernes ved, at man isolerer generatorens udgangskredsløb fra jord, så at der frembringes en meget høj impedans i forhold til jord for en strøm med effektforsyningens frekvens. Denne form for et isoleret udgangskredsløb f remby der imidlertid i sig selv en risiko, idet generatorens udgang kan komme 25 til at ligge mellem pladekredsløbet og jord. Dette kan forårsage forbrænding af patienten eller en anden person, der er i berøring med pladekredsløbet, når generatoren tilsluttes. Denne situation vil indtræffe, hvis der mellem den aktive klemme og jord eksisterer en bane med lav impedans, f.eks. hvis den aktive elektrode anbringes 30 pi jordforbundet metal.
Det er velkendt, at det for sikkert at kunne anvende et elektrodiatermiapparat er væsentligt at sikre, at pladeelektroden er forbundet med generatoren, og at forbindelsesledningen overalt er intakt.
35 Hidtil har det være normal praksis i generatoren at indskyde et overvågningskredsløb, der lader en lille kontrolstrøm passere 144407 2 gennem pladeelektrodekredsløbet, og som har et relæ eller lignende organer til at detektere passage af denne strøm, hvis kredsløbet er i orden. Relæet kan være indrettet til at betjene en alarmindretning, hvis der er manglende kontinuitet i pladekredsløbet. Dette system 5 har visse ulemper, nemlig: a) det er nødvendigt med en dobbeltleder som pladeelektrodeleder, b) kontrolstrømmen kan frembyde en risiko for elektrisk stød, c) kontrolstrømmen kan indvirke forstyrrende på et patientkontrolapparat, og d) overvågningskredsløbet nødvendiggør anvendelse af ekstra kredsløbskomponenter, der er forbundet med 10 pladeelektrodekredsløbet, hvorved vanskeligheden med at opretholde en tilfredsstillende elektrisk isolation forøges.
Opfindelsen har til formål at tilvejebringe en måde til fremstilling af et elektrodiatermiapparat med et isoleret udgangskredsløb, men 15 uden risiko for diatermiforbrændinger fra pladekredsløbet.
Et andet formål med opfindelsen er at eliminere behovet for et overvågningskredsløb til bestemmelse af pladeelektrodeledningens kontinuitet ved tilvejebringelse af et arrangement, hvor pladekredsløbets 20 udgangsspænding vil stige op over overvågningsindretningens omskifterniveau og dermed bevirke afbrydelse af generatoren, hvis pladeelektroden ikke er forbundet, eller hvis ledningen er brudt, og man gør et forsøg på at anvende apparatet. For at hindre, at spændingen overstiger omskifterniveauet, må pladen forbindes såle-25 des, at der fremkommer en lavere kapacitiv impedans til jord.
Ifølge opfindelsen er der blevet tilvejebragt et elektrodiatermiapparat, der er ejendommeligt ved, at generatorens pladeelektrodeklemme er forbundet til jord via forbindelsesorganer med høj impedans, og 30 at overvågningskredsløbet omfatter en ensretter, der er indskudt mellem forbindelsesorganerne og jord, og hvis udgang er forbundet med en triggerkreds, som er indrettet til at blive aktiveret og betjene afbryderen, når ensretterens udgangsspænding overstiger en forudbestemt værdi.
Opfindelsen er især, men ikke udelukkende anvendelig i forbindelse med elektrodiatermiapparater. Ved elektrodiatermiapparatet ifølge 35 3 U4407 opfindelsen er overvågningsindretningen indrettet til at frembringe kontrolsignaler, hvis diatermipladens spænding i forhold til jord stiger op over den forudbestemte værdi.
5 Dette kontrolsignal anvendes til at afbryde diatermigeneratoren og også til at give alarmmeldinger. Det spændingsniveau, ved hvilket triggerkredsen bliver aktiveret, er indrettet til at ligge under det, ved hvilket der kan blive tale om forbrænding, og dette er typisk under 100 volt.
10 I det følgende vil opfindelsen blive nærmere forklaret under henvisning til tegningen, der viser et elektrisk kredsløbsdiagram.
Den på tegningen viste udførelsesform for elektrodiatermiapparatet 15 ifølge opfindelsen har en overvågningsindretning i form af et spændingsfølsomt kredsløb. Dette spændingsfølsomme kredsløb eller overvågningskredsløb er forbundet med et elektrodekredsløb i diatermi-apparatet, og dette elektrodekredsløb er forbundet med en pladeelektrode gennem klemmer 1, der er forbundet med en generators 20 udgangsspole 2 i elektrodekredsløbet. Forbindelsen mellem overvågningskredsløbet og elektrodekredsløbet indeholder en kondensator 3, hvis værdi er tilstrækkelig lav til, at den ikke nævneværdigt forøger elektrodekredsløbets kapacitet. Kondensatoren 3, der kan erstattes af en modstand, en miniaturetransformator eller en optisk koblet 25 isolator, er et middel, ved hjælp af hvilket en lille del af generatorens udgangseffekt kan overføres fra elektrodekredsløbet til overvågningskredsløbet. Det spændingsfølsomme kredsløb indeholder et halvbølgeensretterkredsløb med en diode 4, en kondensator 5 og en modstand 6. Dette halvbølgeensretterkredsløb frembringer en jævn-30 spænding på den ene indgangsklemme 7 af en operationsforstærker 8. Operationsforstærkeren 8's anden indgangsklemme 9 tilføres en variabel referencespænding, der kommer fra et potentiometer 10. Operationsforstærkeren 8 tjener som triggerkredsløb, idet -dens udgangsspænding hurtigt ændres fra en maksimal negativ spænding 35 til en maksimal positiv spænding, når spændingen over halvbølge-ensretterkredsløbets modstand 6 overstiger den referencespænding, der er blevet forudbestemt ved indstilling af potentiometeret 10.
Claims (2)
144407 Det signal, der frembringes af forstærkeren 8, er et styresignal, der tilføres en relæafbryder 11. Når signalet tilføres relæet 11, fungerer dette således, at det afbryder strømtilførslen til en diatermi-generator og ligeledes tænder en alarmlampe 12 eller aktiverer en 5 hørlig alarmindretning. Det er ønskeligt, at relæafbryderen 11 omfatter en lås, der hindrer genoprettelse af strømtilførslen, når indgangsignalet er faldet til 0. Denne lås kan enten være elektrisk eller mekanisk og kan tilbagestilles enten ved betjening af et styreorgan eller automatisk ved hjælp af andre organer i kredsløbet. Ap-parater er forsynet med en tilbagestillingskontakt 13, der gør det muligt at genoprette strømtilførslen til generatoren, eller tilbagestillingskontakten kan om ønsket indrettes til at virke automatisk, når fejlen er blevet fjernet. 15. stedet for en relæafbryder 11 kan der anvendes en halvlederafbryder (enten en transistor eller thyristor). Forstærkeren 8 kan i visse tilfælde være unødvendig, idet effektniveauet kan være tilstrækkeligt til at aktivere afbryderen direkte. 20 Patentkrav.
1. Elektrodiatermiapparat med en generator (2), der har klemmer 25 (i) beregnet til at blive forbundet med henholdsvis en aktiv elek trode og en inaktiv pladeelektrode, og med et overvågningskredsløb, der er indrettet til at betjene en afbryder (11) og afbryde generatoren og/eller frembringe et alarmsignal, når der opstår visse uønskede driftsforhold, 00 kendetegnet ved, at generatorens pladeelektrodeklemme (1) er forbundet til jord via forbindelsesorganer (3) med høj impedans, og at overvågningskredsløbet omfatter en ensretter (4 - 6), der er indskudt mellem forbindelsesorganerne (3) og jord, og hvis udgang er forbundet med en triggerkreds (8), som er indrettet til at blive 05 aktiveret og betjene afbryderen (11), når ensretterens udgangsspænding overstiger en forudbestemt værdi.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB3999173 | 1973-08-23 | ||
| GB39991/73A GB1480736A (en) | 1973-08-23 | 1973-08-23 | Electrodiathermy apparatus |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK449774A DK449774A (da) | 1975-04-21 |
| DK144407B true DK144407B (da) | 1982-03-08 |
| DK144407C DK144407C (da) | 1982-08-23 |
Family
ID=10412602
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK449774A DK144407C (da) | 1973-08-23 | 1974-08-22 | Elektrodiatermiapparat |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4122854A (da) |
| JP (2) | JPS5054184A (da) |
| AR (1) | AR202489A1 (da) |
| BE (1) | BE819104A (da) |
| BR (1) | BR7406977D0 (da) |
| CA (1) | CA1032226A (da) |
| DE (1) | DE2439587C3 (da) |
| DK (1) | DK144407C (da) |
| ES (1) | ES429456A1 (da) |
| FR (1) | FR2241324B1 (da) |
| GB (1) | GB1480736A (da) |
| IE (1) | IE39739B1 (da) |
| IT (1) | IT1018988B (da) |
| LU (1) | LU70789A1 (da) |
| NL (1) | NL7410981A (da) |
| SE (1) | SE401787B (da) |
| ZA (1) | ZA745396B (da) |
Families Citing this family (378)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US4141359A (en) * | 1976-08-16 | 1979-02-27 | University Of Utah | Epidermal iontophoresis device |
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| JPS56144510U (da) * | 1980-03-29 | 1981-10-31 | ||
| US4535771A (en) * | 1981-12-22 | 1985-08-20 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Calculus disintegrating apparatus |
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| EP0256155A1 (de) * | 1986-08-14 | 1988-02-24 | Hellige GmbH | Operationsmonitor mit Hochfrequenz-Warneinrichtung |
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| US4793345A (en) * | 1987-06-24 | 1988-12-27 | Lehmer Donald E | High voltage protection circuit for ultrasonic cataract remover |
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| US5114425A (en) * | 1990-05-25 | 1992-05-19 | Novatec Medical Products, Inc. | Method and apparatus for detecting actual or likely adulteration of critical use gloves |
| GB9119695D0 (en) * | 1991-09-14 | 1991-10-30 | Smiths Industries Plc | Electrosurgery equipment |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB855459A (en) * | 1958-04-11 | 1960-11-30 | Keeler Optical Products Ltd | Improvements in or relating to electro-surgical apparatus |
| DE1139927B (de) * | 1961-01-03 | 1962-11-22 | Friedrich Laber | Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegeraet |
| US3513353A (en) * | 1967-08-17 | 1970-05-19 | John L Lansch | Voltage monitoring circuit |
| US3601126A (en) * | 1969-01-08 | 1971-08-24 | Electro Medical Systems Inc | High frequency electrosurgical apparatus |
| US3628094A (en) * | 1970-09-23 | 1971-12-14 | Sybron Corp | Apparatus of medical and other types |
| US3683923A (en) * | 1970-09-25 | 1972-08-15 | Valleylab Inc | Electrosurgery safety circuit |
| JPS4818444U (da) * | 1971-07-12 | 1973-03-02 | ||
| US3812858A (en) * | 1972-10-24 | 1974-05-28 | Sybron Corp | Dental electrosurgical unit |
| JPS5241593B2 (da) * | 1972-12-29 | 1977-10-19 | ||
| US3905373A (en) * | 1974-04-18 | 1975-09-16 | Dentsply Res & Dev | Electrosurgical device |
-
1973
- 1973-08-23 GB GB39991/73A patent/GB1480736A/en not_active Expired
-
1974
- 1974-08-12 CA CA206,796A patent/CA1032226A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-08-14 US US05/497,317 patent/US4122854A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1974-08-14 SE SE7410385A patent/SE401787B/xx unknown
- 1974-08-15 IE IE1708/74A patent/IE39739B1/xx unknown
- 1974-08-16 NL NL7410981A patent/NL7410981A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1974-08-17 DE DE2439587A patent/DE2439587C3/de not_active Expired
- 1974-08-20 FR FR7428575A patent/FR2241324B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-08-21 IT IT52671/74A patent/IT1018988B/it active
- 1974-08-22 BE BE147834A patent/BE819104A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-08-22 ES ES429456A patent/ES429456A1/es not_active Expired
- 1974-08-22 DK DK449774A patent/DK144407C/da active
- 1974-08-22 ZA ZA00745396A patent/ZA745396B/xx unknown
- 1974-08-22 BR BR6977/74A patent/BR7406977D0/pt unknown
- 1974-08-22 JP JP49096594A patent/JPS5054184A/ja active Pending
- 1974-08-22 AR AR255277A patent/AR202489A1/es active
- 1974-08-23 LU LU70789A patent/LU70789A1/xx unknown
-
1980
- 1980-09-17 JP JP1980133070U patent/JPS578814Y2/ja not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| LU70789A1 (da) | 1975-01-02 |
| GB1480736A (en) | 1977-07-20 |
| JPS5054184A (da) | 1975-05-13 |
| DK144407C (da) | 1982-08-23 |
| IE39739B1 (en) | 1978-12-20 |
| IT1018988B (it) | 1977-10-20 |
| NL7410981A (nl) | 1975-02-25 |
| FR2241324A1 (da) | 1975-03-21 |
| BR7406977D0 (pt) | 1975-09-09 |
| US4122854A (en) | 1978-10-31 |
| BE819104A (fr) | 1974-12-16 |
| ZA745396B (en) | 1975-08-27 |
| DK449774A (da) | 1975-04-21 |
| JPS5647618U (da) | 1981-04-27 |
| SE7410385L (da) | 1975-02-24 |
| DE2439587A1 (de) | 1975-02-27 |
| DE2439587C3 (de) | 1980-04-30 |
| ES429456A1 (es) | 1976-09-01 |
| AU7261674A (en) | 1976-02-26 |
| IE39739L (en) | 1975-02-23 |
| AR202489A1 (es) | 1975-06-13 |
| SE401787B (sv) | 1978-05-29 |
| CA1032226A (en) | 1978-05-30 |
| DE2439587B2 (de) | 1979-08-16 |
| JPS578814Y2 (da) | 1982-02-19 |
| FR2241324B1 (da) | 1977-03-25 |
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