DE945876C - Procedure and arrangement for the operation of rooms for the cultivation and culture of living organisms - Google Patents

Description

ISSUED JULY 19, 1956

T 10505III / 45f

The invention relates to a method for operating rooms for growing and cultivating seeds, Seedlings, crops and other living organisms. These not only include useful, To understand food and ornamental plants of all kinds, but also fungi, algae, microorganisms or the like, be it that they are bred or bred for industrial, food or medicinal purposes. be increased.

For example, greenhouses, foil houses, drift beds, but also complete ones, are used as growing rooms rooms closed off from daylight, such as

z. B. cultivation cellars, solid houses and the like. To use.

The subject of the invention is a method for operating such rooms, which not only and operating costs significantly, but also to increase the yield to an extraordinary degree permitted and thereby shortening the development time and a more frequent generation change enables.

The method according to the invention consists essentially in the fact that the for cultivation and Culture required amount of light and heat

during the light period 'mainly or exclusively by infrared light emitters with a. Emission maximum between 0.7 and 30 μ, preferably between 0.8 and 5 μ is supplied, while in the dark periods (night) the required heat is supplied by infrared dark radiators.

The irradiation during the light period can be in addition to normal daylight or also take place in its place, while the irradiation in the dark period only the The purpose is to keep the temperature of the room below a certain level, for the development of organisms to allow the beneficial level to drop, and then can be omitted if this temperature is caused by others Funds is ensured. This means that in greenhouses and nurseries and similar establishments in the future the cumbersome and extensive heating equipment

ao can be completely dispensed with. It has been shown that. any form of conduit or Convection heat is less conducive to the growth of organisms than radiant heat, which is preferably a temperature in the plant or in the other organism or in the bed generated, which is several degrees above the air temperature.

A particularly useful embodiment for an arrangement to operate such rooms is according to the further invention that separate infrared emitters are provided for the light and dark periods, alternating and may also be switched on at the same time.

However, it is particularly economical and expedient if a and as a light and dark radiator the same radiators are used that are only used by regulating the power consumption and / or - levy, e.g. B. by means of filters, can be switched from light to dark radiation.

Time switches, switch thermometers and other aids of a type known per se can be used find the operating temperature according to the desired proportions to regulate.

Another option is by radiation dosimeters, thermometers or others Means to switch off the bright radiators in the event of solar radiation in order to act on them Way. To enable an economical and expedient operation of the cultivation and cultivation areas.

Example ι

Lettuce, variety "May King propellant Askanier" has been at the turn in the unheated greenhouse for outdoor temperatures plummeted to -11 ⁰ C, light of day over the bulk and dunkelbestrahlt over part of the day, taking care that the Bed temperature did not drop below +3 ⁰ C.

The lettuce was ready for planting after 23 days, during comparable cultivation in a heated glass house (at day 18 ^° C., at night 15 ^° C.). can only be planted after about 60 days.

Be is ρ ie I 2

Aureof aciens soil mold fermentation liquid is produced under the otherwise usual conditions irradiated with infrared light emitters of such intensity that the most favorable for the formation of aureomycin Temperature in the fermentation liquid remains.

The increase in yield or acceleration in yield was about 40% in comparative experiments.

Example3

Inside of fermentation tanks of cultures of Penicillium notätum, which, by the way, in itself are known to be filled with glucose, lactose or lactic acid solution, are infrared light emitters attached, which are used as the only external temperature and energy source.

The mold can be filtered off from the fermentation liquid continuously, with pure light irradiation a yield increase of between 25 and 27 ¹ Vo and with alternating light and dark irradiation a yield increase of about 32% was achieved.

Example 4

Mushroom cultures, which had been in operation for a long time, were made with infrared light emitters and inserted dark periods with relatively low energy irradiated to room temperature not to let rise above an amount of 14 to 16 ° C.

In summer crops, where work had to be done with relatively low intensities, • the increase in yield was about 8% for winter crops Income increases of more than 25% could be achieved.

Example 5

Venomous snakes of various kinds, which were kept for the purpose of obtaining serum, were irradiated with infrared light emitters for at least 16 hours a day, the rest of the time with dark emitters, whereby care was taken that the cage temperature corresponded to the home needs of the snake, i.e. partially was above 30 ^° C. during the day and below 15 ^° C. at night.

The animals showed extremely good well-being and increased poison production.

Example 6

Bees were kept for the purpose of production of poison in special rooms were irradiated more than 17 hours a day with light radiators ia ₀ and the rest of the time for gradual transition to Dunkelstra'hlern.

It was observed that all life activities were strongly stimulated. It higher amounts of poison could be removed. In comparative experiments with honey bees,

945 87 ß

a higher honey yield was also found, but this depends on the season or supplementary feeding was dependent.

Claims (3)

PATENT CLAIMS: I. Process for operating rooms for growing and cultivating seeds, seedlings, cultivated plants and other living organisms, such as. B. glass houses, foil houses, hotbeds, solid houses, cultivation cellars and the like., Characterized in that the amount of light and heat required for cultivation and culture during the light period (day) predominantly or exclusively by infrared light emitters with an emission maximum between 0 , 7 and 30 μ, preferably between 0.8 and S μ , while in the dark periods (night) the required heat is supplied by infrared dark waves. 2. Arrangement for performing the method according to claim 1, characterized in that that separate infrared emitters are provided for the light and dark period, the can be switched on alternately and, under certain circumstances, at the same time. 3. Arrangement for performing the method according to claim 1, characterized in that rushes as light and dark radiators and the same radiators are used, which only by regulating the power consumption and / or output, z. B. by means of Filters can be switched from light to dark. © 609 559 7.56