DE936107C - OE emulsion for metalworking - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the composition of

Oil emulsions for metalworking, in particular of those emulsions that are intended for the To facilitate cold working of metals, especially ferrous metals.

The invention is based on the discovery of unexpected benefits in using a complex one Emulsion made from an oil-in-water and a water-in-oil emulsion. Be used for metalworking

ίο as known lubricants used that one have greater "lubricity" than simple mineral oils. Because of the cooling effect of water as Almost all of the components used are aqueous emulsions for metalworking. the Previous emulsion-like lubricants are simple emulsions of various degrees of resistance of the oil-in-water type. These have the metal Processing improved, but not as effective as desired.

There is a great need for a metalworking lubricant that which allows rolling, drawing or other metal deformation with less force facilitates and also a greater reduction or deformation of the metal for each Passage through the rollers, draw rings or the like. Enables.

It has now been found that very useful oil emulsions for metalworking on the Based on mineral oils and fatty oils with a content of emulsifiers of the type oil-in-water and Water-in-oil is obtained by using the non-aqueous phase from 25 to 90 ° in these emulsions Weight percent of a mineral lubricating oil, 2 to 50 percent by weight of aliphatic fatty acids with 10

up to 24 carbon atoms and / or resin acids and / or the corresponding fatty alcohols or glycerides, 2 to 25 percent by weight oil-in-water emulsifiers from a mixture of at least two nonionic surface-active complex esters or ester-ether-like compounds, and 0.3 to 3 percent by weight water-in-oil emulsifiers from an alkaline earth soap derived from a fatty oil or a fatty acid having 10 to 24 carbon atoms or a metal salt of a polyvalent metal with a petroleum sulfonic acid of a molecular weight below 650, or a nonionic water-in-oil emulsifier.

They are already mixtures of lubricants. suggested made from mineral oils, fatty oils, emulsifiers of the oil-in-water type and water-insoluble ones Soaps of polyvalent metals with * unsaturated higher fatty or naphthenic acids exist; here, however, the oil-in-water emulsifiers were those of the ionic type, while according to the present one Invention Mixtures of at least 2 nonionic oil-in-water emulsifiers are used and accordingly the lubricant mixtures so prepared yielded when combined Water, depending on its amount, either only oil-in-water or only water-in-oil emulsions, whereby a certain transition point at a certain mixing ratio of starting mixture to Water was present. Compared to these ready-made emulsions belonging to either one or the other type However, the complex emulsions which can be prepared according to the present invention, which both Contain emulsions of the water-in-oil as well as the oil-in-water type, thanks to even better cooling, Lubricating and adhesive properties.

In transferring the invention to the art, other factors besides the novelty of the Invention has been considered. If cost, availability, odor, stability or rust formation is in It should be noted that lard oil is currently emerging as the preferred fat ingredient has proven itself. But the other substances mentioned are mostly almost as satisfactory.

Combinations are used as an oil-in-water emulsifier of at least two different surfactants from the nonionic complex Ester or ether type used, e.g. B. Sorbitan esters of common fatty acids, aromatic poly- : glycol ether and polyoxyethylene sorbitol fatty acid ester. I.a. are those in the trade under the name ■ »Spans« available sorbitan monooleates and the Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate available under the name "Tweens" with about 2 to 8 oxyethylene groups suitable. You will preferably used in conjunction with an oil-soluble metal sulfonate. Sometimes the sulfonate can stay away. If sulfonates are used, preference is given to those obtained by vigorous treatment obtained from mineral oils containing strong sulfuric acid; but other types can also be used will. Sulfonates are preferred, which are obtained by neutralizing petroleum sulfonic acids with a MoIe ^ - Weight of at least 350 can be obtained - - Although various metal sulfonates can be used, however, the alkali metal sulfonates, particularly sodium petroleum sulfonates, have molecular weights of 350 to .650 most suitable.

The preferred water-in-oil emulsifier is a polyvalent metal soap with a fatty oil or a fatty acid with about 10 to 24 carbon atoms in the molecule. The alkaline earth metals are particularly preferred, ie calcium, barium and strontium soaps, although others such as that of aluminum can also be used. Polyvalent metal sulfonates ¹ , such as calcium petroleum sulfonates of sufficiently high molecular weight to be oil soluble, can also be used. Sulfonates derived from sulfonic acids with molecular weights of at least 350, preferably more, up to 650, are preferably used. Since calcium soaps are cheap, readily available and easy to manufacture, calcium is the preferred metal. The oleate and sulfonate soaps are preferred because of their greater solubility in mineral oil. Nonionic water-in-oil emulsions yielding emulsifiers, e.g. B. pentaerythritol monooleate have also been found to be effective.

Particularly effective mixtures are made from a relatively light mineral lubricating oil from about 50 to 100 S. S. U. (Saybolt Universal seconds) at 37.78 ° C with a content of about go 10 to 20 percent by weight, calculated on the total mixture, of lard oil, about 3 to 10 percent by weight a partial fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol, e.g. B. a mixture of "Span 80" and “Tween 81 cc, 0.4 percent by weight sodium petroleum sulfonate with a molecular weight between 375 to 550 and 0.5 to 2 percent by weight, an oil-soluble Calcium soap, e.g. B. calcium oleate,

The proportions of the various components mentioned above can vary within wide limits. The mineral oil itself can range from very light to very viscous, e.g. B. of about 45 S. S. U., at 37.78 ° to 200 S. S. U. at 98.89 ° C. Because of the better cleaning effect after rolling metal sheets, for example the preferred viscosity around "'60 S. S.TI. or between 50 to 100 S. S. U. at 37.78 ° C. The total emulsifiers are usually not 25 percent by weight, based on the total weight exceed and is usually between about 5 to 12 percent by weight. The soap content is low and. usually does not exceed about 3 weight percent based on total weight because it does not it is desirable to use enough soap to thicken the oil to a grease-like consistency. The ones used to create the water-in-oil phase Soap amounts are therefore preferably between 0.5 to 3 percent by weight of the total mixture. The amounts of fatty acids, resin acids or fatty oils are preferably between 10 up to 20 percent by weight of the mixture.

A particularly suitable and certified - serving as special .Example product consists of a mineral oil of about 60 SSU viscosity at 37.78 ⁰ C with i'5 percent by weight, calculated on the total mixture of lard, 4 weight percent polyoxyethylene

Ethylene sorbitan monooleate with 2 to 8 oxyethylene groups (Tween 81), 1 percent by weight sorbitan monooleate (Span 80), 2 percent by weight of the oil-soluble sodium salt of petroleum sulfonic acids with a molecular weight between 400 and 500 and 1 percent by weight calcium oleate. This product shows a Striking adhesion to metal in the presence of water and can only be achieved with difficulty through the cooling water the plate mills are washed off. Manufacturing trials have an improved reduction Proven in the pass for rolling from sheet steel to tin can, along with a more acceptable elongation and structure of the metal. It is especially for cold rolling Steel and also useful for drawing wire and tubes made of copper, brass and aluminum.

The mixing just described was carried out with excellent results on a reversible plate mill 4-high 91.44 cm and also tested on a continuous 5-stand rolling mill of the usual type. Notable improvements in the reduction in passage are observed when the complex Emulsion is applied as a surface layer on the metal to be deformed.

Claims (4)

Patent claims: i. Oil emulsion for metalworking based on mineral oils and fatty oils with a content of emulsifiers of the oil-in-water and water-in-oil type, characterized in that that it consists of an aqueous emulsion, the non-aqueous phase of which is 25 to 90 percent by weight a mineral lubricating oil, 2 to 50 weight percent aliphatic fatty acids having 10 to 24 carbon atoms and / or resin acids and / or the corresponding fatty alcohols or glycerides, 2 to 25 percent by weight oil-in-water emulsifiers made from a mixture of at least two nonionic ones surface-active complex esters or ester-ether-like compounds, and 0.3 to 3 percent by weight Water-in-oil emulsifiers made from one of a fatty oil or a fatty acid with 10 alkaline earth soap derived from up to 24 carbon atoms, or a metal salt of a polyvalent one Metal with a petroleum sulfonic acid with a molecular weight below 650, or a nonionic one Contains water-in-oil emulsifier. 2. Oil emulsion for metalworking according to claim 1, characterized in that the Oil-in-water emulsifier made from a mixture of fatty acid esters with sorbitan and / or aromatic Polyglycol ethers and / or polyoxyethylene thioethers and / or polyoxyethylene sorbitol fatty acid esters consists. 3. Oil emulsion for metalworking according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the oil-in-water emulsifier alkali metal salts of petroleum sulfonic acids with a molecular weight over 350 and preferably below 650 contains. 4. Oil emulsion for metalworking according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the oil-in-water emulsifier made from a mixture of partial esters of oleic acid with sorbitan and / or Polyoxyethylene derivatives of such partial esters, e.g. B. with 2 to 8 oxyethylene groups, and oil-soluble Metal sulfonates consists. Referred publications:
U.S. Patent No. 2,214,634. 1 509590 12.55