DE9218155U1 - Brick kit - Google Patents

Description

Applicant: Rolf Scheiwiller
PO Box 266
CH-6052 Hergiswil

"Brick kit"

The invention relates to a brick construction kit according to the preamble of claim 1.

State of the art:

A brick construction kit according to the class of claim 1 is known from DE-OS-24 35 139. A similar brick construction kit is shown in the German utility model GM 77 25 725.

Such bricks are also referred to as formwork bricks, hollow blocks, thermal insulation blocks or the like. The inner chambers generally serve for insulation and are filled with an insulating material if necessary. On their two lateral front sides, the known bricks have variously shaped grooves or recesses in order to obtain a positive connection with corresponding projections on the adjacent connecting brick. According to Fig. 8 of the utility model mentioned, each

Each front side has a trapezoidal groove on one side and a trapezoidal projection on the other. The opposite front side of the brick then has the corresponding complementary shapes.

The brick according to the above-mentioned publication is symmetrical in terms of its longitudinal symmetry and its transverse symmetry plane. In order to obtain a positive connection between two adjacent bricks, additional connecting bricks or filling bricks are provided, which engage in the respective recesses on the front sides of the bricks in a dovetail-like manner. Each brick also has a corresponding recess in its middle area, when viewed from above, which accommodates such a connecting brick. This also achieves a positive connection to the next higher or lower layer. This applies in particular to the production of a half offset of the respective brick layers. Finally, the last-mentioned brick also has a positive connection via the connecting brick to adjacent brick layers if several brick walls are arranged next to one another. The corresponding recesses for the connecting bricks can be broken open at predetermined breaking points.

The described masonry bricks, hollow blocks or formwork blocks for the production of load-bearing and partition walls are constructed in a specific grid dimension, with rectangular base stones usually being provided in the grid dimension.

Occasionally, so-called corner stones have also become known, as shown for example in CH-PS-227 752, Fig. 3.

A catalog from GISOTON-Baustoffwerke Gebhart & Söhne KG, D-7974 Aichstetten, has revealed formwork blocks for load-bearing and partition wall systems that are constructed in a grid system based on a kit. In addition to a standard block, a dividing block with the same dimensions is provided, which is split in the middle using predetermined breaking points. A corner block is also provided for a corner connection and a miter element for creating angled connections, with the angle set at 135°. Each block has chambers, if necessary for accommodating thermal insulation materials such as polystyrene or similar.

In order to be able to produce angular arrangements with different connection angles, bricks have become known that have a type of swivel joint (EP 0 385 950 A2). Such a hinge brick has a circular cylindrical connection part on its first face, which interacts with a hollow cylindrical counter-face on the corresponding connection surface of the adjacent brick. Such hinge bricks can also have chambers that, like normal bricks or formwork bricks, can be empty or filled.

All known brick or formwork block systems with or without curved design have the disadvantage that they consist of individual components that do not have the flexibility required for any design. Viewed in isolation, the various brick systems have special properties and offer special advantages. However, a combination of such properties and advantages has not yet been planned.

The invention is based on the task of proposing a brick construction kit that combines a number of advantages of the known systems and which is based on a

is based on a uniform and well thought-out concept and is versatile in its use.

This object is achieved according to the invention by the characterizing features of claim 1, starting from a brick construction kit according to the preamble of claim 1.

The subclaims specify advantageous and expedient further developments of the brick kit according to the main claim.

Advantages of the invention:

The brick kit according to the invention combines a large number of known properties and provides an overall concept that allows extremely versatile use for a wide range of applications. The system can be used both for normal load-bearing and partition walls as a formwork brick system and for special solutions, such as embankment bricks. Basically, the brick kit according to the invention is based on an individual brick system constructed in a grid system, which is constructed in an offset both next to each other and on top of each other using form-fitting connections. A "normal brick" or "foundation brick" in a certain grid size is assigned a so-called "3/4 end brick" and a "1/4 end brick", which are 3/4 and 1/4 of the length of the normal brick respectively and are used to vary the transitions in the end area of a wall or to create a brick offset in straight and corner formations. The width of the stones is also in the grid size and is half the length of the foundation stone.

This three-part combination is complemented by a two-part joint block that can be integrated into the wall bond.

The system is finally complemented by cover stones or wall crowns for a wide variety of applications.

Further details and advantages of the invention emerge from the drawings and are explained in more detail in the following description of exemplary embodiments. They show

Fig. la to Id the brick kit, consisting of a 1/1 foundation brick (Fig. la), a 3/4 end brick (Fig. Ib) and a 1/4 end brick (Fig. Ic), Fig. Id shows the "View A" in the figures la to Ic.

Fig. 2 shows an associated joint block with a first joint part according to the representations in Fig. 2a to Fig. 2c and a second joint part according to Figures 2d and 2e;

Fig. 3 shows in the representations according to Fig. 3a and 3b corner formations for each next but one stone layer;

Fig. 4 shows in Fig. 4a a perspective

View of three composite

Foundation stones and
Fig. 4b is a perspective view of a

Compilation of several stones in two

Layers,

Fig. 5a a side view of a masonry with end areas and covers,

Fig. 5b an alternative design of a brick surface in side view,

Fig. 6a a plan view and

Fig. 6b is a side view of a joint block arrangement;

Fig. 6c to 6f show variants of the joint block arrangement;

Fig. 7a to 7c various cover stones or wall crowns

Description of the embodiments:

In the example, the brick kit consists of the basic parts as shown in Fig. 1 and - if curved shapes are desired - of the additional components as shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. la shows the 1/1 foundation stone 1, which has a length L, a width B and a height H in a grid dimension of e.g. L : B : H = 60 : 30 : 15 cm. The height of the paving stone can be seen from Fig. Id of the front view A. The 1/1 foundation stone 1 is assigned the 3/4 end stone 2 shown in Fig. Ib with the length 3/4 L and the 1/4 end stone 3 shown in Fig. Ic with the length 1/4 L. Both end stones 2, 3 have the same width B and the same height H, whereby the width B of the stones to 3 corresponds to half the length L of the foundation stone 1 (B = 1/2 L).

The brick kit is supplemented by the joint brick 4 shown in Fig. 2, consisting of the joint parts 5, 6 and the cover bricks 8 shown in Fig. 7.

The 1/1 foundation stone 1 shown in Fig. 1 has two adjacent chambers 9, 10, which are separated from each other by a dividing web 11. According to the perspective view according to Fig. 4a and 4b in

In connection with Fig. la, the foundation stone has U-shaped recesses 14 on its two lateral front sides 12, 13, at least in plan view, which extend over a depth t2 into the front masonry 15. The masonry 15 has a depth t^40 mm at this point. The depth t2 is approximately 1/2 t^.

The frontal masonry 15 continues with a wall section 16 which is U-shaped in the front view, as shown in the front view according to Fig. 1d and the perspective views according to Figs. 4a, 4b. The U-shaped wall section 16 has a lower wall section 16' which extends approximately to half the height ^H l/2 ^ers "and whose upper wall section 16'' is V-shaped (Fig. 1d) or rounded, U-shaped (Fig. 4a).

The U-shaped recess 14 in plan view and the

Side view U-shaped wall section 16 have a

Width bi, which in the example bi« is 100 mm.

The frontal masonry 15 can be designed in the area of its U-shaped recess 14 with an undercut 17 provided on both sides in order to create a positive engagement with connecting elements if necessary. The width of the undercut 17 is designated b2.

The middle separating web 11 is constructed in the same way as the U-shaped wall section 16 in the front view, i.e. the separating web 11 also has a U-shaped wall section 18 in the front view, with an upper U-shaped recess 18'' and a lower wall section 18'. According to the front view according to Fig. Id according to the arrow A

In Fig. la, an upper recess 16'', 18'' extends over the entire length of the foundation stone.

The foundation stone 1 has wall sections 19, 20 with a wall thickness s^ in its lateral areas. Furthermore, an upper, offset bevel 21 with a width b3 and a height hj_ is provided, which forms a visible joint when the stones are arranged one above the other. The foundation stone 1 is constructed symmetrically with respect to its longitudinal plane of symmetry 22 and its transverse plane of symmetry 23.

The 1/1 foundation stone 1 is assigned the 3/4 end stone 2 shown in Fig. 1b. This end stone 2 is also symmetrical with respect to its longitudinal plane of symmetry 22. As can be seen from Fig. 1b, the end stone 2 also has an inner chamber 24, which is delimited on the left side in plan view by a frontal masonry 15, as corresponds to the two frontal end areas of the 1/1 foundation stone 1. Accordingly, a recess 14 that is U-shaped in plan view and a wall section 16 that is U-shaped in front view are again provided. The front view A and its design are therefore identical to those of the foundation stone 1. Reference is made to the corresponding description.

On the right side of the 3/4 end stone 2 shown in Fig. Ib, it is provided with an end wall section 25 which limits the stone at the end. The term "end stone" therefore serves as an expression for an end limitation of a masonry.

In its upper area, the 3/4 end stone has a lateral, offset bevel 21, which - when stones 1 and 2 are put together - results in a continuous visible joint. On the front side of the end stone 2, this bevel 21' runs inwards like a base in plan view.

Finally, the 1/1 foundation stone 1 and the 3/4 end stone 2 are assigned to the 1/4 end stone 3 shown in Fig. Ic, which also serves as the end boundary of a row of stones, like the 3/4 end stone. Accordingly, the end wall section 25 shown on the left in Fig. Ic is designed in the same way as the end wall section of the 3/4 end stone according to Fig. Ib. The stone is only shown rotated by 180°. The side bevels 21 and the front bevel 21' are also provided.

The opposite end face 26 has the same opening cross-section as the U-shaped recess 14 in the previously described bricks 1, 2 in plan view. Only the subsequent wall section 16 is not present in the 1/4 end brick 3. The U-shaped recess 14 opens into the chamber 27 of the 1/4 end brick 3.

The stone shapes 1 to 3 of the kit have vertical bevels 28 in their four corner areas, which also serve as visible edges.

The stone shapes shown in Figures la to 1c are used to produce straight walls or right-angled bends therefrom. Further explanations follow.

In order to be able to produce angled branches, especially in embankment constructions, the kit is supplemented by an articulated block 4, as shown in more detail in its individual parts in Fig. 2.

The joint block 4 consists of two joint parts 5, 6, which have a common vertical axis of rotation 29.

From a vertical plane 30 passing through this axis of rotation 29, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal plane of symmetry

22, the joint part 5 has a length of 3/4 L. The left front side of the joint part 5 shown in plan view in Fig. 2a has a cylindrical inner contour 31 which corresponds to the cylindrical outer contour 32 of the corresponding joint part 6 shown in Fig. 2d, i.e. the cylinder radius r^ of the inner contour 31 largely corresponds to the radius ^ of the cylindrical outer contour 32. Here r^-?£ ^-»1/4 L.

Starting from the axis of rotation 29, the angle (X ·]_ is indicated on the joint part 5 as a pivot limit for forming the stop surface 33. Likewise, the joint part 6, starting from the axis of rotation 29, has a stop surface 34 which is offset by a rotation angle d 2. The stop surfaces 33, 34 on the joint parts 5, 6 are attached symmetrically on both sides. This results in a pivot angle of C^- ^ + cK. 2 in both directions angling from the longitudinal plane of symmetry 22 when the joint parts 5, 6 are joined together with a common axis of rotation 29. In the exemplary embodiment , cL ^ = C\ 2 ⁼ 30° is used.

The joint part 5 of the joint building block 4 is designed on the side 35 facing away from the cylindrical joint part as a brick that is U-shaped in plan view with a U-shaped recess 36. The two inner side walls 37 contain trapezoidal undercuts 38 in plan view in order to achieve a positive connection to other, neighboring bricks via an additional connecting part. The depth of the recess 36 is dimensioned with a length I^ such that a wall section 39 with a thickness S2 sufficient for the cylinder contour 31 remains. The recess 36 can be designed as a chamber 40 in total, similar to the chambers 9, 10, 24, 27. Furthermore, the front area of the recess 36 can be constructed similarly to the U-shaped recesses 14 in plan view of the brick shapes according to

Figures la to lc. This is indicated by reference number 14 in Fig. 2a.

Fig. 2b shows a side view of the joint part 5. Fig. 2c shows a front view of the joint part on the cylindrical inner contour 31.

The further joint part 6 according to Fig. 2d comprises a cylindrical outer contour of 180° + 2 x Ct- ₂ , where 0<L ₂ -x. The remaining end region 41 shown in plan view on the left side in Fig. 2d is designed as a cuboid-shaped projection 41 with the front connection surface 42. The front connection surface 42 is at a distance of 1/4 L from the axis of rotation 29. If the joint parts 5, 6 are put together with their common axis of rotation 29, the joint block 4 in the stretched position from the front surface 42 of the joint part 6 to the opposite front surface 42 of the joint part 5 forms a total length of L, which corresponds to the length of the base block in the grid dimension. The front surface 42 of the joint part 6 can have an additional flange 44 which is intended to engage in an adjacent stone as a positive connection element. The width b^ corresponds to the width of the recess or a possible U-shaped recess 14 of the joint part 5. The length of the flange 44 is designated I ₂ .

As shown in Figures 2a and 2d, the attachment flange 44' shown there in dashed lines can have a width b^ that positively engages in the shape of the U-shaped recess 14 of the joint part 5 shown in dashed lines in Figure 2a. The connection flange 44' can thus also engage in the respective recess 14 of the stone shapes according to Figures 1a to 1c. For this purpose, identical parts are shown with identical reference numerals in Figures 1 and 2. Finally, the connection surface 42 of the joint part 6 can also have a connection surface that is designed in the manner of the recess 14 in Figures 1a to 1c. An additional part can then serve as a connecting element.

Fig. 2e shows a side view of the joint part according to Fig. 2d.

The building block set according to Fig. 1 and in particular according to Figures la to 1c is shown in two different corner configurations in Fig. 3a and Fig. 3b. The two corner configurations shown represent stone arrangements that are used for each next layer of stones in order to always obtain an overlap of the stones both in the corner area and in the subsequent layers of stones. The upper horizontal row shown in Fig. 3a begins with a 1/4 end stone 3, which is followed by a 1/1 base stone 1 and another 1/4 end stone 3. In Fig. 3a, the corner configuration shown in plan view with the row leading downwards again begins with a 1/4 end stone 3, which is followed by a 3/4 end stone 2. Both rows can then be continued as desired with 1/1 base stones.

An overlap of the abutting edges and thus also a consolidation of the masonry is achieved by the next layer shown in Fig. 3b, which is placed on the layer shown in Fig. 3a in the corner area. The corner formation shown in the top view again begins with a 1/4 end stone 3 and continues downwards in Fig. 3b with a 3/4 end stone 2 and another 1/4 end stone 3. In the horizontal direction, a 3/4 end stone 3 and a subsequent 1/4 end stone 2 are provided. The width of the respective stones is indicated with B. The overlap of the individual stones and thus also of the subsequent rows can be seen from the overlay of Figures 3a and 3b.

The continued overlap of the stone shapes by using the kit according to the invention results in flat walls from the representations in Fig. 5a and 5b. In these figures

the respective stones are shown with the reference numbers 1 to 3. If the bottom row in Fig. 5a begins with a 1/4 end stone 3 and is continued with a normal stone or foundation stone 1, it can end with a 3/4 end stone 2. The same length is achieved in the row above with a starting 3/4 end stone 2, a subsequent 1/1 foundation stone 1 and another 1/4 end stone 3. The third row above begins with a 1/4 end stone 3, is continued with a 1/1 foundation stone 1 and again ends with a 3/4 end stone 2, as corresponds to the bottom row. The upper left tower in Fig. 5a is only built with 1/4 end stones 3, each rotated by 90°.

The end areas of a wall are always formed by the end stones 2 and 3 due to their end-side limitation.

Fig. 5b shows a stone arrangement that includes several stones in the respective rows. The respective stone sizes are designated with reference numbers 1 to 3. As can also be seen from Fig. 5b, each stone row begins with either a 3/4 end stone 2 or a 1/4 end stone 3 to form an end finish. The basic or normal stone 1 with its two open ends can only be used as a middle stone.

Fig. 5b also shows a double standard stone 1', which has the same geometric design as the 1/1 foundation stone 1, but is only twice as high in height H. It therefore spans two rows.

In Figures 4a and 4b, the different stone shapes are shown in perspective. In particular, Fig. 4a shows a lower stone layer consisting of two foundation stones 1 arranged next to each other with another foundation stone 1 placed in the middle on top of them. For the positive connection of these superimposed

An additional connecting stone 45 is provided for the stones, the dimensions of which are adapted to the front recesses 14 of the individual stone shapes and the central recess 18''. The width b^ is, for example, 100 mm, the length I3 =& 80 mm and the height I12 -=■£- 100 mm. The connecting stone or filling stone 45 is inserted into the middle, U-shaped recess 18'' in the lower right-hand base stone 1 as shown in Fig. 4a and projects half its height above the lower stone 1. The connecting stone 45 projects by this height 1/2 I12 into the outer end recess 14 of the base stone 1 above it and thus forms a positive connection. As shown in the lower right stone 1, the connection to the next stone in the same row is made in the same way, with the connecting stone 45 then engaging in the end recesses 14. The individual stone shapes are therefore positively connected by means of the connecting stone in both the horizontal and vertical directions.

The connecting stone 45 can of course also have a shape other than cuboid. In particular, it can have projections that engage behind corresponding recesses in the stone in a form-fitting manner. However, this is not normally necessary.

In the illustration shown in Fig. 4b, the brick kit with its chambers 9, 10 is designed as an embankment wall. Accordingly, all chambers of the brick forms can be filled with soil and provided with plants 46.

The use of the joint block 4 is shown in Figures 6a to 6f. Fig. 6a shows a top view of the joint block design. In general, the joint block is described in detail in Fig. . Reference is made to the explanations there.

hereby referred to again. Identical parts are provided with the same reference numerals.

Starting from the axis of rotation 29 in the top view of Fig. 6a or in the side view of Fig. 6b or the vertical plane 30, the arrangement shown in Fig. 6a results from a straight arrangement of the joint brick 5. The joint part 5 with the length 3/4 L and the joint part 6 with the length 1/4 L together form the joint brick 4. The joint part 6 is connected to a 1/1 base brick 1 aligned with it via the attachment flange 44. The joint part 5 is also connected to the subsequent brick 1 via a connecting brick 45' adapted to it.

As described in Fig. 2a, the two front ends can be provided with corresponding recesses 14 into which adapted connecting stones are inserted in a form-fitting manner.

The illustration in Fig. 6b shows the arrangement of the joint stones one above the other in superimposed rows. The bottom row corresponds to the top view in Fig. 6a. In each case, the joint part 5 is arranged one above the other on the left and one on the right next to the joint part 6. This results in the specified offset of the individual stones with the joints 47 shown.

Otherwise, the same parts are shown with the same reference numerals as in the figures described above.

The representations of the joint block 4 and several joint blocks 4 in different angular positions are shown in Figures 6c to 6f. Fig. 6c shows an angular arrangement with an included angle ß-^ = 120°, whereby the two stop surfaces 33, 34 of the joint parts 5, 6 abut against each other. From the extended position according to Fig. 6a

The joint part 5 is therefore arranged pivoted by 2 x CX x ⁼ 60°.

The example shown in Fig. 6d shows the next layer or row to Fig. 6c, i.e. in order to achieve an offset of the joints, the joint part 5 is alternatively arranged in a horizontal direction in Fig. 6d. The 1/1 foundation stone 1 then connects to both joint parts 5.

The illustration in Fig. 6e shows a double-angled arrangement without the end stop being reached. In this case, the middle end part 5 is not adjoined by a 1/1 standard brick, but by another joint part 6. The corresponding attachment flange 44 or 44' on the joint part 6 is therefore designed in such a way that it can be fitted into the front recess 14 or 36 of the joint part 5. The next higher position is shown in Fig. 6f for producing a joint offset.

Various cover stones or cover stone variants are shown in Figures 5a, 5b and 7a to 7c. For example, Figure 7a shows a roof-shaped cover stone 7 with sloping upper surfaces on a 1/1 base stone 1 in a purely schematic representation. A section through the arrangement according to Figure 7a is shown in Figure 7b. From this it can be seen that the cover stone 7 has elongated, U-shaped recesses 48 on its underside, which form protrusions 49 on the top of the base stones 1 as positive connections. These protrusions 49 can be created by appropriately machining the top of all stone shapes. Likewise, a corresponding, associated recess for a positive connection can be provided on the underside of each stone shape.

Fig. 7c shows another variant of a cover stone 8, which is designed similarly to a corrugated iron roof. This cover stone 8 also has recesses 48 on its underside, which serve for a positive engagement with corresponding webs.

Each masonry can therefore be covered with corresponding cover stones 7, 8. This is shown schematically in Figures 5a, 5b.

The invention is not limited to the embodiment shown and described. Rather, it also includes all technical developments within the scope of the inventive concept.

Claims (10)

Expectations: 1. Brick construction kit, consisting of at least one 1/1 base brick with a rectangular cross-section in a predetermined grid size, with at least two recesses (9, 10) or cavities, preferably extending over the entire height of the brick, with connecting surfaces provided on the two lateral end faces, in particular for the positive connection of adjacent bricks, characterized in that the 1/1 base brick (1) (normal brick) is assigned a further 3/4 end brick (2) and a 1/4 end brick (3), the respective first lateral end face of which has a closed wall end surface (25) and the respective second lateral end face of which also has a positive connection surface (14) adapted to the 1/1 base brick. 2. Brick construction kit according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting surfaces extend over preferably the entire height of the brick (1, 2, 3) and have a cross-section which is approximately U-shaped in plan view (14). 3. Brick construction kit according to claim 2, characterized in that adjacent bricks (1, 2, 3) accommodate a common connecting brick (45) as a positive connection element in the U-shaped recess (14). 4. Brick construction kit according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the 1/1 foundation brick (1) is divided into two chambers (9, 10) with a partition wall (11) in between and that the partition wall (11) has a U-shaped recess (18'') over approximately half its height, in particular for receiving a connecting brick (45). 5. Brick construction kit according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the 1/1 base brick (1) and the 3/4 and 1/4 end bricks (2, 3) are assigned a further joint brick (4), which consists of a first (5) and a second (6) joint part, the first joint part (5) having on one of its front sides a cylindrical inner contour (31) with a cylinder radius (r^) and the second joint part (5) having a cylindrical outer contour (32) with a cylinder radius (r2), the centers or the axis of rotation (29) of the cylindrical inner contour (31) and the cylindrical outer contour (32) coinciding in the assembled state and the radii are ri ro r^ and that the two other lateral front sides of the joint parts (5, 6) have connecting surfaces for connecting bricks. 6. Brick construction kit according to claim 5, characterized in that the connecting surfaces for the positive connection of adjacent bricks are designed as recesses (14, 36) (joint part 5) that are U-shaped in plan view or as attachment flanges (44, 44') adapted thereto. 7. Brick construction kit according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the joint part (5) has a cylindrical inner contour (31) over an angular range of 120° and the cylindrical outer contour (32) has an outer surface over an angular range of 240°. 8. Brick construction kit according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the joint part (5) and the joint part (6) have stop surfaces (33, 34) which limit the angle of the joint bricks relative to one another. 9. Brick construction kit according to one of claims 1 to ₁₁ , characterized in that the width (B) of the 1/1 foundation stone (1) and the 3/4 and 1/4 end stones (2, 3) is 1/2 of the length (L) of the foundation stone (1) (B = 1/2 L), preferably L : B : H = 60 : 30 : 15 cm. 10. Brick construction kit according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the height (H) of the foundation stone (1) and of the 3/4 and 1/4 stones (2, 3) is 1/4 of the length (L) of the foundation stone (1) (H = 1/4 L) with preferably L : W : H = 60 : 30 : 15 cm.