DE883886C - Process for dyeing with Kuepen dyes - Google Patents
Process for dyeing with Kuepen dyesInfo
- Publication number
- DE883886C DE883886C DEB5818D DEB0005818D DE883886C DE 883886 C DE883886 C DE 883886C DE B5818 D DEB5818 D DE B5818D DE B0005818 D DEB0005818 D DE B0005818D DE 883886 C DE883886 C DE 883886C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- dyeing
- vat
- cation
- addition
- active substances
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000984 vat dye Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 hydrocarbon radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000019239 indanthrene blue RS Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- UHOKSCJSTAHBSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N indanthrone blue Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=C4NC5=C6C(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7C(=O)C6=CC=C5NC4=C3C(=O)C2=C1 UHOKSCJSTAHBSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004048 vat dyeing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940027983 antiseptic and disinfectant quaternary ammonium compound Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IQDVXXOBJULTFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-dodecylpyridin-1-ium;hydron;sulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 IQDVXXOBJULTFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LFYSWCFSJAZQJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1-dodecylpyridin-1-ium;sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1.CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 LFYSWCFSJAZQJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QAQSNXHKHKONNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-oxopyridine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound CCN1C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(C)=CC1=O QAQSNXHKHKONNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JERMRPUPFAXARG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 27-hydroxy-16-azaoctacyclo[18.10.2.02,15.05,14.07,12.017,31.021,26.028,32]dotriaconta-1,3,5(14),7,9,11,15,17(31),18,20(32),21,23,25,27,29-pentadecaene-6,13-dione Chemical compound Oc1c2ccccc2c2ccc3nc4c(ccc5c4c(=O)c4ccccc4c5=O)c4ccc1c2c34 JERMRPUPFAXARG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQAQTWYUQXFOMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,10,12-trichloro-13h-naphtho[2,3-c]acridine-5,8,14-trione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=C(Cl)C=C(C(=O)C=4C(=C(Cl)C=C(C=4)Cl)N4)C4=C3C(=O)C2=C1 SQAQTWYUQXFOMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMJPCIAEJKVKMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M [4-[[4-[benzyl(methyl)amino]phenyl]-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]-dimethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)=C1C=CC(=[N+](C)C)C=C1 ZMJPCIAEJKVKMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000007824 aliphatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AAKMSGQPNUGLAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N atic vat brown r Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC(C(C2=C3NC4=C5C=6C(C7=CC=CC=C7C5=O)=O)=O)=C1C(=O)C2=CC=C3C4=CC=6NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 AAKMSGQPNUGLAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001506 brilliant green Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HXCILVUBKWANLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N brilliant green cation Chemical compound C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C1C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C1 HXCILVUBKWANLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCl FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940106681 chloroacetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YXQMBBJITUIBDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecyl(triethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](CC)(CC)CC YXQMBBJITUIBDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZWRDBWDXRLPESY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-benzyl-n-ethylethanamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 ZWRDBWDXRLPESY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- JXUKQCUPTNLTCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N vat green 1 Chemical compound C1=CC=C[C]2C(=O)C(C3=C45)=CC=C4C(C4=C67)=CC=C7C(=O)[C]7C=CC=CC7=C6C=C(OC)C4=C5C(OC)=CC3=C21 JXUKQCUPTNLTCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
- D06P1/655—Compounds containing ammonium groups
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/22—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using vat dyestuffs including indigo
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Coloring (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zum Färben mit Küpenf arbstoff en Zur Erzielung gleichmäßiger Farbtöne in der Küpenfärberei bedient man sich des Zusatzes von oberflächenaktiven Mitteln oder Schutzkolloiden, wie sulfonierte Öle, Leim, eingedickte Sulfitablauge od. dgl. In neuerer Zeit ist zu demselben Zweck die Verwendung von Kondensationsprodukten hochmülekularer aliphatischer Verbindungen, insbesondere der Fettalkohole, mit zahlreichen Äthylenoxydresten bekanntgeworden. Diese Hilfsmittel gelten gegenwärtig infolge des verhältnismäßig geringen Verbrauchs und der guten Egalisierwirkung als die bestgeeigneten.Method of dyeing with vat dyes To achieve more uniformity Color shades in vat dyeing are made with the addition of surface-active substances Agents or protective colloids, such as sulfonated oils, glue, concentrated sulfite waste liquor or the like. More recently, condensation products have been used for the same purpose high molecular weight aliphatic compounds, especially fatty alcohols, with numerous Ethylene oxide has become known. These resources are currently in effect as a result the relatively low consumption and the good leveling effect as the most suitable.
Es wurde nun gefunden, daß man bei Anwendung einer anderen Klasse an sich bekannter oberflächenaktiver Mittel, nämlich der sogenannten kationaktiven Verbindungen, mit noch weit geringeren Zusatzmengen mindestens ebenso gute Erfolge erzielen kann. Bei Verwendung vonÄthylenoxydkondensationsprodukten von Fettalkoholen sind Anwendungsmengen von o,i bis 0,5 gll vorgeschrieben. Dagegen bekommt man bei Verwendung kationaktiver Stoffe mit etwa o,oi bis 0,04 9/1 ebenso gleichmäßige Färbungen. Dabei ergibt sich noch der -weitere Vorteil, daß die mit kationaktiven Verbindungen versetzten Küpen weniger schäumen als die Äthylenoxydkondensationsprodukte enthaltenden Küpen. Schaumbildung in der Küpe ist bekanntlich stets ein Nachteil, da der Schaum viel Luft bzw. Sauerstoff enthält, was zur Zersetzung der Küpen beiträgt.It has now been found that when using another class of surface-active agents known per se, namely the so-called cation-active compounds, at least as good results can be achieved with much smaller amounts added. When using ethylene oxide condensation products of fatty alcohols, application quantities of 0.1 to 0.5 gll are prescribed. On the other hand, when using cation-active substances with about o.oi to 0.04 9/1, equally uniform colorations are obtained. This has the further advantage that the vats mixed with cationic compounds foam less than the vats containing ethylene oxide condensation products. It is well known that foam formation in the vat is always a disadvantage, since the foam contains a lot of air or oxygen, which contributes to the decomposition of the vat.
Als kationaktive Stoffe können beispielsweise quartäre Ammoniumverbindungen mit hochmolekularen Kohlenwasserstoffresten im Molekül, wie Alkylpyridiniumsulfate oder -halogenide mit Alkyl- resten von 8 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen oder Trimethylcetyla,mmoniumhalogenide dienen. Außerdem kann man auch analoge Verbindungen verwenden, die Heteroatome oder Heteroatomgruppen in der Alkylseitenkette enthalten, wie z. B. quartäre Ammoniumverbindungen mit äther- oder esterartigen Bindungen in der aliphatischen Seitenkette. Es können aber auch andere bekannte kationaktive Stoffe verwendet werden, wobei man sich zweckmäßig durch einen einfachen Vorversuch überzeugt, ob der betreffende kationaktive Stoff mit dem zu verwendenden Küpenfarbstoff oder Küpenfarbstoffgemisch keine Fällung und keinen Farbtonumschlag gibt. Es gibt nämlich vereinzelte Kombinationen von Farbstoffen und kationaktiven Stoffen, die sich miteinander nicht vertragen. Im übrigen kann man nach den bekannten Färbevorscbxiften für Küpenfärbungen arbeiten, indem man auf 11 Küpe, je nach der Farbstoffgruppe, etwa 9, bis o,5o g einer 20/,igen Lösung desHilfsmittels zusetzt. Beispiele i. Zellwollgam wird mit 1,--5 0/0 Indanthren-Olivgrän B, Pulver, fein, für Färbung (Färberkalender 1931, S. 183), und 0,75 9 Indanthren-Braun R, Pulver (Schultz, Farbstofftabellen, 7. Aufl. Bd. I, Nr. 1227), unter Zusatz von - ccm einer 20/,igen Lösung eines kationaktiven Hilfsmittels, z. B. Laurylpyridiniumsulfat, nach dem JW-Verfahren gefärbt (vgl. Brass, Praktikum der Färberei und Druckerei, Berlin 1929, S. 42). Nach dem Färben.wird gespült, geschleudert und dann in üblicher Weise durch Oxydieren und Nachseifen fertiggemacht.For example, quaternary ammonium compounds with high molecular weight hydrocarbon radicals in the molecule, such as alkyl pyridinium sulfates or halides with alkyl radicals of 8 to 18 carbon atoms or trimethylcetyla, mmonium halides, can serve as cation-active substances. In addition, you can also use analogous compounds that contain heteroatoms or heteroatom groups in the alkyl side chain, such as. B. quaternary ammonium compounds with ether or ester-like bonds in the aliphatic side chain. However, other known cation-active substances can also be used, in which case it is expedient to convince oneself by means of a simple preliminary test whether the cation-active substance in question does not precipitate or change color with the vat dye or vat dye mixture to be used. There are, in fact, isolated combinations of dyes and cationic substances that are incompatible with one another. In addition, the known dyeing prescriptions for vat dyeing can be used by adding about 9 to 0.5o g of a 20% solution of the auxiliary to 1 1 vat, depending on the dye group. Examples i. Zellwollgam is made with 1, - 5 0/0 indanthrene-olive-green B, powder, fine, for coloring (Färberkalender 1931, p. 183), and 0.75 9 indanthrene-brown R, powder (Schultz, color tables, 7th ed . Vol. I, No. 1227), with the addition of - ccm of a 20% solution of a cationic auxiliary, e.g. B. Laurylpyridiniumsulfat, colored by the JW process (see. Brass, Praktikum der Färberei und Druckerei, Berlin 1929, p. 42). After dyeing, it is rinsed, spun and then finished in the usual way by oxidizing and re-soaping.
2. Zellwoll- oder Baurnwollgam wird mit o,8 0/, Indanthren-Braun 3 GT, Pulver (Färberkalender 1930, S. 2o4), unter Zusatz von 1,5 ccm. einer 20/,)igen Lösung eines kationaktiven Hilfsmittels, z. B. Cetylpyridiniumbromid, nach dem JW-Verfahren- gefärbt. Fertigstellung wie üblich.2. Viscose wool or cotton yarn is mixed with 0.8% , indanthrene brown 3 GT, powder ( Färberkalender 1930, p. 2o4), with the addition of 1.5 ccm. a 20 /,) solution of a cationic auxiliary, e.g. B. cetylpyridinium bromide, colored by the JW process. Completion as usual.
3. Zellwollgarn wird mit 0,5 "/, Indanthren-Brillantviolett RK, Pulver (Schultz, a. a. 0., Nr, 1223), und 0,?5 0/, Indanthren-Rotviolett RRK, Pulver (Schultz, a. a. 0., Nr. i26o), unter Zusatz von I,5-Ccm einer 2 0/,)igen Lösung eines kationaktiven Hilfsmittels, z. B. Lauryltriäthylammoniuinchlorid, nach dem JK-Verfahren gefärbt (vgl. Brass, a. a. 0., S. 42) und wie üblich fertiggemacht. 4. Zellwoll- oder BaumwoRgarn wird mit. 10/0 Indanthren-Brillantgrün GC, Pulver, fein, für Färbung (Schultz, a. a. 0., Nr. 1269), und unter Zusatz von i ccm einer 20/,igen Lösung eines kationaktiven Hüfsmittels, z. B. des Kondensationsproduktes aus Benzyldiäthylamin und dem Laurylester der Chloressigsäure nach dem JN-Verfahren (Brass, a. a. 0., S. 41), gefärbt. Fertigstellung wie üblich. 3. Viscose wool yarn is made with 0.5 "/, indanthrene brilliant violet RK, powder (Schultz, aa 0., no, 1223), and 0,? 5 0 /, indanthrene red violet RRK, powder (Schultz, aa 0., No. i26o), with the addition of 1.5 ccm of a 2% solution of a cationic auxiliary, e.g. lauryltriethylammonium chloride, colored according to the JK process (cf. Brass, op. Cit. , P. 42) and as usual made ready. 4. staple rayon or BaumwoRgarn is reacted with. 1 0/0 indanthrene brilliant Green GC, powders, fine, for coloring (Schultz, aa 0., no. 1269), and with the addition of a 20 cc i / igen solution of a cationic auxiliary, e.g. the condensation product of benzyl diethylamine and the lauryl ester of chloroacetic acid , colored by the JN process (Brass, op. cit., p. 41).
5. Zellwollgarn wird mit 10/, Indanthren-Brillantgrün B, Pulver, fein, für Färbung (Schultz, a. a. 0., Nr. 1269), und 0,3 0/, Indanthren-Marineblau R, Pulver (Färberkalender 1931, S. 102), unter Zusatz von i ccm einer ?,0/,igen Lösung eines kationaktiven Hilfsmittels, z. B. Laurylpyridiniumsulfat. nach dem JN-Verfahren gefärbt. Die Fertigstellung erfolgt wie üblich. 5. Zellwollgarn with 1 0 /, indanthrene brilliant green B, powder, fine, for dyeing (Schultz, aa 0., no. 1269), and 0.3 0 /, indanthrene navy blue R, powder (Färberkalender 1931, p . 102), with the addition of 1 ccm of a?, 0 /, igen solution of a cation-active auxiliary, z. B. Lauryl pyridinium sulfate. colored according to the JN method. The completion takes place as usual.
Das Flottenverhältnis bei sämtlichen Färbungen kann etwa I: 3o betragen. Man erhält nach den Vorschriften der Beispiele sehr gleichmäßige Färbungen, ohne daß der Farbstoff in unerwünschter Weise zurückgehalten wird. Der Aufwand an Hilfsmitteln beträgt dabei nur einen Bruchteil der Menge, die man von den seither angewendeten Mitteln aufwenden mußte.The liquor ratio for all dyeings can be about 1: 3o. According to the instructions in the examples, very uniform dyeings are obtained, without that the dye is retained in an undesirable manner. The amount of resources required is only a fraction of the amount that has been used since then Had to spend resources.
Es ist schon vorgeschlagen worden, kationaktive Stoffe zur Vorbehandlung von Faserstoffen zu verwenden, die anschließend mit einem unverküpten Küpenfarbstoff geklotzt und dann einer Behandlung in blinder Küpe unterzogen werden sollen. Dabei wurden jedoch viel höhere Mengen von etwa 3 g11 der kationaktiven Stoffe verwendet, während bei dem vorliegenden Verfahren Mengen von o,oi bis 0,04 9/1 in Frage kommen. Aus den bekannten Verfahren konnte nicht geschlossen werden, daß es möglich sein würde, mit diesen verschwindend geringen Mengen kationaktiver Stoffe eine so ausgezeichnete Egalisierung von Küpenfärbungen zu erzielen, die nicht nach dem Klotzverfahren, sondern nach dem üblichen Küpenfärbeverfahren hergestellt sind.It has already been proposed to use cation-active substances for the pretreatment of fibrous materials, which are then to be padded with an unlinked vat dye and then subjected to a treatment in a blind vat. However, much higher amounts of about 3 g11 of the cation-active substances were used, while amounts from 0.04 to 0.04 9/1 are possible in the present process. From the known processes it could not be concluded that it would be possible to achieve such an excellent leveling of vat dyeings with these vanishingly small amounts of cation-active substances which are not produced by the padding process but by the customary vat dyeing process.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEB5818D DE883886C (en) | 1941-06-04 | 1941-06-04 | Process for dyeing with Kuepen dyes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEB5818D DE883886C (en) | 1941-06-04 | 1941-06-04 | Process for dyeing with Kuepen dyes |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE883886C true DE883886C (en) | 1953-07-23 |
Family
ID=6954198
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEB5818D Expired DE883886C (en) | 1941-06-04 | 1941-06-04 | Process for dyeing with Kuepen dyes |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE883886C (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1264272B (en) * | 1958-03-22 | 1968-03-21 | Graubremse Gmbh | Shock absorbers, especially for motor vehicles |
-
1941
- 1941-06-04 DE DEB5818D patent/DE883886C/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1264272B (en) * | 1958-03-22 | 1968-03-21 | Graubremse Gmbh | Shock absorbers, especially for motor vehicles |
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