DE82959C - - Google Patents

Description

IMPERIAL

PATENT OFFICE.

PATENT LETTERING

CLASS 6: Beer, brandy, wine, vinegar and yeast.

MARIUS OTTO in PARIS. Rectifier.

Patented in the German Empire on December 4, 1894.

The present invention relates to a still which is used for the recovery of Alcohol, tar oils, etc. can be used, and in which the dismantling and replaceable rectifiers are arranged helically, for the purpose of, on the one hand, the To be able to adapt the number of rectifiers to the substances to be distilled and on the other hand to be able to reduce the height of the apparatus without the circulation of air around the rectifiers to affect.

The rectifiers used in this apparatus are made of conical ones Cylinders. formed, the conical part of which is directed downwards. The one of one Rectifier leading to the other return pipes open at the lowest point, see above that the vapors entering the rectifiers through a dip tube through a fairly can draw high layers of fluid without them containing much fluid have to.

The new Distillalionsapparat is shown in Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings, while the Fig. 2 shows the peculiar part of it on a larger scale.

The apparatus as a whole, according to Fig. 1, consists of five main parts, namely:

ι. the bladder C, which receives the fluid to be rectified,

2. a series of rectifiers E-B'-B ² ... B ⁿ , which are arranged in a variable number in a helical manner,

3. the preheater R, to which the BEZW to be distilled. The liquid to be rectified is fed from a container or by means of a pump and the vapors drawn off from the uppermost rectifier B ^{n are drawn through its coiled tube,}

4. the condenser, whose coiled tube -S is connected to that of the preheater and surrounded by a container in which a suitable coolant circulates,

5. the density meter I.

Each rectifier (Fig. 2) is formed from a cylindro-conical vessel into which four tubes F ¹ F ² v ¹ v ~ open. The immersion pipe F ¹ is used to supply the rising vapors to be separated from each other and the pipe F ² to draw off the vapors in another rectifier. The tubes v ¹ and y ² , of smaller diameter than the ^{tubes F 1} F ² , serve for the reflux of the liquids condensed in the rectifiers. The pipe F ¹ . each rectifier forms a piece with the corresponding pipe F ^{2 of} a lower rectifier and likewise the pipe v ¹ of each rectifier also forms a piece with the corresponding pipe v ^{2 of} a lower rectifier.

The pipe F ¹ dips a few centimeters below the outflow opening of v ¹ and carries a disc m at its end, which is held at some distance from its opening by two V-shaped, intersecting metal strips η attached to the pipe end, for the purpose of ^{better distributing the vapor flow passed through the pipe F 1} into the rectifier in the liquid in the rectifier.

The various rectifiers are all identical except for the first B and the last

B ⁿ \ they can be exchanged independently of one another in order to be able to be used in larger or smaller numbers according to the circumstances.

The tubes ν ^λ ν ² can be provided with a tap at their lowest points. A thermometer T is usually attached to the uppermost rectifier JB ".

The mode of operation of the apparatus is based on the methodical washing of the vapors and on their partial condensation on the walls of the rectifiers.

When the apparatus is put into operation, one rectifier after the other first fills up to the mouth of the tube v ¹ with the liquids resulting from the condensation of the vapors on the cold vessel walls.

If the operation of the apparatus is now continued, the ^{vapors fed in through the immersion tubes F 1} must pass through the liquid collected in the lower part of the rectifiers, the most volatile parts not being retained by the liquid and being withdrawn from the rectifiers ^{through tube F 2} , but not without having previously been exposed to further condensation on the walls of the rectifiers, in that these walls are always kept by the external air at a lower temperature than that of the vapors.

From the last rectifier B ⁿ the vapors pass into the coiled tube of the preheater R, where they give off part of their heat to the liquid to be distilled. They finally condense in the condenser S, from which the distillate gets into the designated container after it has passed through the density meter I.

There is thus a flow of rising vapors and a flow back or respectively in the rectifiers. downward flowing liquid. The vapors, which have the highest boiling point, condense almost completely, and are returned through the tubes v ¹ v ^% to the bubble C; the other vapors, on the other hand, do not condense and rise into the preheater in order to pass from the latter into the condenser.

Some comparative experiments with this still and those in industry Much used devices from Le Bei & Henninger have shown the following results:

I. Distillation of a mixture of 550 g benzene and 550 g toluene:

Temperature limits Apparatus of
Le Bei & Henninger
with 15 balls Otto's apparatus
with 10 rectifiers
\
ι 8o ° to 85 ° C.
85 ° - 105 ⁰ -
105 ⁰ - iu ° - 424)
172 J 1072 g
476) 467)
139 1083 g.
477)

The distillation at the Le Bei & Henninger apparatus took place under one Pressure of 762 mm, and in Otto's apparatus at a pressure of 765 mm.

The Fraction obtained between 8o ° and 85 ⁰ C., which was obtained with the apparatus of Le Bel & Henninger, solidified upon cooling and had its melting point at -f- 2.3 ° C, while those with the Otto'sehen Apparatus was obtained within the same temperature limits, had its melting point at -p- 4.5 ° C.

II. Distillation of a mixture of 362 g methyl alcohol and 181 g acetone: 539 g
533 g
530 g Otto's apparatus
with 10 rectifiers Temperature limits Apparatus of
Le Bei & Henninger
with 15 balls '59)
76 537 g
302)
like
like ί ₅ 6 ° to 58 ° C.
i. Distillation (58 ° - 62.7 ° -
(62.7 ° - 66.3 ° -
(56 ° to 58 ° C.
2nd distillation {58 ° - 62.7 ° -
(62.7 ° - 66.3 ° -
ί φ ° to 58 ° C.
3rd distillation! 58 ° - 64 ° '-
(64 ° - 66.3 ° -. 90
190
259
160
58
315
160
33
337

Since with the Otto's apparatus with a single distillation a result was achieved that from an industrial point of view with that by means of the Le Bei & Henninger apparatus by three consecutive ones Fractional distillations obtained is identical, the Otto's experiment was carried out Apparatus stopped after the first distillation. These results are all the more important than is usually assumed that the separation coefficients are an exponential function represent the number of rectifiers.

Claims (1)

Patent claim: A rectifying apparatus, characterized by vessels tapering to a cone at the bottom (BJ, for the purpose of presenting a high column of liquid in these vessels with relatively little condensate to the vapors passing through, the vessels being connected to each other in any number and arranged below the connecting steam pipes baffle plates (m) could be. For this purpose ι sheet of drawings.