DE8136369U1 - Electromagnet-armature combination - Google Patents

Description

DIPLOMPHYSICIST DR. RER. NAT. RICHARD BIERL

PATENT ADVOCATE • at the German Patent Office, Federal Patent Law 8000 Munich

PATENT ANWALTSBORO ■ SONNENWEG 2 · 7218 TROSSINGEN 1

• Toggle magnetic circuit GM "

WESTDEUTSCHE 2LEKTROGERÄTEBAU GmbH

25 o22o a / AZ: G 81 36 369.9

REPRESENTATIVE

at the European Patent Office

D-8000 Munich

edited version - 6 Io.o5.82.

Westdeutsche Elektrogerätebau G.m.b.H.

D-477O SOEST

Electromagnet-armature combination

The present invention relates to an electromagnet-armature combination, which contains an electromagnet as the first and an armature as the second magnetic member, of which one against the other and / or against a stationary assembly or housing part of one of two stable positions in the other is movably mounted, with the movement for the actuation of a mechanical or electrical switching device can be brought about under the influence of a variable magnetic field.

"GM tilting magnetic circuit". . . ·· .: '"" · *' · ·:

WEG D-477O Soest ". '·.: Vetygleate' version -

o22o a / AZ: G 81 36 369.9, ·,.:. * .. '··· Γο. ° ό5.82.

Electromagnet-armature combinations with two magnetic members, one against the other and / / or mounted movably against a stationary assembly or housing part from one of two stable layers into the other are known as bistable magnetic arrangements in various designs and in practice Introduced mainly in connection with the actuation of electrical protection tube contacts or with machine controls; these arrangements are all monostable, so that at least one of the working operating states is maintained or positions an often considerable energy consumption must be accepted in order to actuating parts of the switching device, e.g. Contact springs to bring them into the associated position or in them to keep. There are also stick-on electromagnet devices which, although in the manner brought about by current excitation

t leave with no or practically no energy expenditure, however, for the return to the starting position, either an additional, more or less large circuit is required Effort or an additional mechanical or electromechanical auxiliary device required.

DE-OS 15 14 744 is a bistable magnetic arrangement with two parallel displaceably mounted, polarized in these bearing axes, ie. axially magnetized permanent magnets known, of which one permanent magnet is slidably mounted on the protective tube of an electrical spring contact pair and interacts with it; from the rest position it is brought into the working position in that the second permanent magnet is displaced parallel thereto, the first permanent magnet being brought into one or the other position as a result of the change in the attraction or repulsion of the two permanent magnets. The first permanent magnet is moved in one or the other direction up to a stop by means of an actuating rod penetrating it by a drive device (not shown), which in any case is purely mechanical.

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, ··] '· ¹ Ii ".'! ···. · ..: continue as previous '..'.:. '..' · .. ·· .. · ^:. » ^: . '. ·' Version page - 8 -

"Tilting Magnetic Circuit"

WEG D-477O Soest 25 o22o / 11 _O 12 _O 81 "/ DrBi

While in the previously known devices of the monostable type electrical or other energy for Maintaining at least one operating state is required, requires the bistable device with Adhesive electromagnet or self-holding device, for example. by means of additional contacts or a lock for resetting a special circuit or structural effort (additional winding or glove). The bistable magnetic Arrangement according to DE-OS 15 14 744 does not require any special expenditure of energy for the maintenance the operating conditions, however, has the disadvantage that it is a (mechanical) drive device needed.

The present invention is based on the object of the bistable arrangement according to DE-OS 15 14 744 with two magnetic members, one of which against the other and / or against a stationary assembly or Housing part movably mounted and the movement for the actuation of a mechanical or an electrical one Switching device can be brought about under the influence of a variable magnetic field, while avoiding the local disadvantages and the disadvantages of the other previously known devices of the relevant type to that effect improve that both the working operating position and the reset by the same electromechanical Device can be brought about and here for the actuation of a mechanical or electrical switching device against a large restoring force, e.g. an electric Contact spring set with sufficiently large contact pressure for higher currents, for maintenance an operating state or for the resetting of the same a smaller energy or structural or additional circuitry expense must be driven than with conventional devices.

"Kipp-Magnetkreis" WEG D ~ 477o Soest

25 o22o / 11.12.81 _O / DrBi page 9

Io 16

The above object is achieved by the special features with the features of the characterizing portion of claim 1. The achieved technological progress can be read in itself to it, but is also the consequence _s that the advantages of modern in such a design, t .u * · . special permanent magnet materials especially for Tx- «gi./ * < mn. These advantages mainly result in a further reduction in the required structural volume, a load capacity that was not readily to be expected and an extremely fast response, for which a current pulse of a duration equal to a fraction of an alternating current half-cycle is sufficient. It can be shown that this is particularly advantageous when the mechanical or electrical switching device is to be transferred from one operating state to the other and back by actuating one and the same pushbutton at the desired time interval.

Embodiments of the invention and essential 2b union parts thereof are based on the drawing in the following description explained; it represent:

25th

3o

Fig.l: in partial section - a top view of the bistable magnetic Arrangement with a manually operable lever for the actuation of an auxiliary contact spring set for Choice of one of several operating modes;

Fig. 2: a suitable for the arrangement according to Fig.l contact spring set from Type of changeover switch representative of electrical switching devices

Fig. 3: a holding or "connecting piece in

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"Tilting Magnetic Circuit" WEG D-477O Soest

25 o22o

11.12o81 _e side Io

DrBi

the shape of a rectangular frame for a second (movable) magnetic link

a) in the front view b) in the side view

c) in plan view

Fig. 4: a bobbin with a permanent magnetic Core for a first (stationary) magnetic member

a) in side view

b) in the front view

c) in top view section (A-A)

Fig. 5: a manually operable lever attached to the frame as shown in Fig. 3

a) in the front view

b) in side view

Fig. 6: one for the by successive

Operation of a button suitable electrical circuit arrangement for

Generation of alternating current pulses according to switchable polarity and of selectable duration of certain periods. 25th

In Fig.l is on the mounting plate 1 of the coil body 2 with the permanent magnetic core 3 rigidly attached therein of at least approximately the same Length 4 and the coil winding 5 arranged stationary; on the bobbin 2 is indicated by the dashed line (2a) The plate-shaped arm 2b shown as a mechanical guide element is displaceably supported by the rectangular one Frame i> made of non-magnetic material, preferably Kunststoffj with the end walls 7, 8 and the

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"Tilting Magnetic Circuit"

WEG D-477O Soest 25 o22o / 11.12.81. / DrBi

Spacers 9, lo on which bead-shaped slide rails or runners 11, 12 are integrally formed; the spacers 9, Io are longer than the bobbin 2 or its core 3. In the end walls 7, 8 are each a permanent magnet piece 13, 14 inserted, whose surface opposite the core 3 of the coil lji is parallel to the relevant pole face 16, 17 of the core 3 of the coil 1E> is and is perpendicular to the "agnetachse IS" The Height 19 of the Parmanentmagnet pieces 13, 14 is smaller than their diameter, so they have the shape of circular disks, and more or less, depending on how much their coercive field strength is greater than that the material of the core 3 of the coil 15; the permanent magnet pieces 13, 14 are made of SECO (rare earth cobalt) and the core 3 of the coil 15 made of ALNICO

The frame (5 is in addition to the pailten-shaped bracket 2b and the bead-shaped rails or runners Il _s 12j slide on the mounting plate 1 and the cover plate, not shown, mainly due to the strong magnetic field between the permanent magnets of the first and the second magnetic member as a result the force between them held in suspension.

The magnetic axis 2o of the core 3 of the coil 3L5 is at least approximately identical to that of the Permanent magnet pieces 13, 14; In the position shown, the polarization of the permanent magnet piece 13 is the one of the core 3 opposite and that of the permanent magnet piece 14 directed opposite to it. In the position shown thus occurs between the pole face 16 and the piece of permanent magnet opposite it 13 an attraction, and between the pole face

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"Tilting Magnetic Circuit"

WEG D-477O Soest 25 o22o / 11.12 "81" / DrBi I

before 17 of the core 3 and the opposite per- | manentmagnet-piece 14 on a repulsive force.

If the coil winding 4 is traversed by a current of such polarity that the magnetization of the Core 3 is confirmed, then nothing changes; but if the polarity of this current is reversed, the repulsive force occurs between the pole face 16 and the permanent magnet piece 13, the attractive force on the other hand between the pole face 17 and the permanent magnet piece 14, the frame i> moves quickly and with great force left (in the plane of the drawing), so that now core 3 and permanent magnet piece 14 are in contact with one another. At the frame | Men 6, the rod-shaped boom 21 is formed in one piece, which controls the movement of the frame 65, which together with the coil 15 forms the bistable magnetic arrangement, 1 non-positive 1 to a switching device to be controlled transmits, as will be explained with reference to FIG.

On the spacer 9 is the outside of the guide tongue 22 for the two-armed, by means of the outside of the Housing wall 23 slide accessible for manual operation * - handle 24 parallel to the direction of movement of the frame (3 displaceable two-armed levers 25 molded in one piece. One arm 25a of the lever 25_ is by means of the guide nose 26 - guided on the guide tongue 22 and rigidly connected to the slide handle 24 by the connecting piece 28 guided in a slot 27.

The two-armed lever 25 can thus by means of the 1 slide handle 24 from the drawn central position paral- I IeI to the movement of frame J6 in two opposite directions Directions are shifted; in one direction

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"Tilting magnetic circuit"

WEG D-477O Soest 25 o22o / 11.12.81. / DrBi

(to the left in the drawing plane) the frame (5 moved into a blocking position with the permanent magnet piece 14 resting on the pole face 17 of the core 3, the other finger-shaped arm 29 on the end wall 8 the frame 65 is applied; the system is continuously frictional, it steers with a half-stitcher 3o equipped nose 31 the one contact spring 32, so that the electrical contact with the other contact spring 33 is continuously interrupted; in the middle position of the Io slide handle 24, this is only for the duration of the operating position of the frame 6_ is the case in the opposite position to the one shown. The reverse can be done by shifting of the slide handle 24 in the opposite end position up to the stop of the stop nose 22a on the guide. Rungsnase 26 the contact spring 33 from the contact spring be solved, with either the arrangement completely switched off or other electrical constraints is made independent.

2o In the example of the rig.I that is

Contact spring pair 32/33, which is also supplemented by a central contact spring to form a toggle switch with a central position could be, in the slots between the integrally molded plastic blocks on the mounting plate 1 25 34 (in the middle) and 35, 36 (to the side of it) pre-adjusted and held in bores in the printed circuit board 37 by means of the connecting lugs 38, 39 which can be twisted; by means of the Stop pin 4o, deflections are limited by the preload. On the circuit board which one for the changes The electronic circuit arrangement required for the operating states is also an associated one Setting potentiometer 41 soldered in.

In Fig. 2 are in columns between on the mon-

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¹ "Kipp-Magnetkreis" WEG D-477O Soest

25 o22o / 11.12.81. / DrBi page 14

day plate 51 integrally molded spacer blocks 52, 53, 54, partitions 55, 56, 57, support blocks 58, 59, 6o the terminals 61, 62, 63 inserted, on which the connecting conductors 64, 65, 66 are integrally formed are, of which those 65, 66 carry contacts 67, 68, while the one 64 as a bearing for the contact arm 69 is used by the tension spiral spring, shown in dashed lines, attached to the screw point 7o and a bore 71 72 is pretensioned in both stop positions, as a result of which the contact arm 69 takes with it two stable positions Making contact with one contact 67 of connection conductor 65 or with the other contact 68 of connection conductor 66 under heavy pressure one; This tilting behavior of the switching device makes the function of the bistable magnetic Arrangement (Fig.l) still promoted because it also relieves the force effects in the end positions will. The contact arm 69 is in a slot 73 of the rod-shaped designated by reference numeral 21 in FIG Extension arm 74 inserted so that it is deflected by its movement from one position to the other.

In Figure 3, the frame ((3 in Fig.l) made of non-magnetic material with the end walls lol, Io2, the Spacers Io3, Io4, the slide rails or runners Io5, Io6, the integrally molded guide tongue Io7, the stop nose Io8 and the nose Io9 shown alone; the rod-shaped boom Ho is shown in FIG. 3c with its own slot 111 for receiving the contact arm (69 in Figure 2) better to see; likewise the stop nose Io8 and the guide tongue Io7. The front wall contains Io3 apart from the cutout 112 for the permanent magnet piece 113, there are also ventilation bores 114 to 117 for the not here Coil winding shown (4 in Fig.l), also a recess 118 indicated by dashed lines in Fig.3a for

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"Tilting Magnetic Circuit"
WEG D-477O Soest 25 o22o / 11.12.81. / DrBi

the plate-shaped arm 119 of the coil former (see Fig. 1 and 4) as a guide piece for the frame (also 6 in Fig.l).

In Figure 4, the coil body with side walls 151, 152, permanent magnetic core 153, which over the Side walls 151, 152 protrudes slightly, and the plate-shaped bracket 154 with recesses 155, 156 for the connecting wires the coil winding shown; the boom 154 also serves as a guide piece for the frame ((5 in Fig.l), as partially indicated by dashed lines in Fig.l is.

In Fig.5 it is shown separately how the two-armed Lever 2ol (25_ in Fig.l), which consists of the wider one As-m 2o2 with the guide nose 2o3 and the finger-shaped the other arm 2o4 is assembled in one piece with the half-stem 2o5 and the slide handle 2o6 is attached to one arm 2o2 is integrally formed by means of the connecting pieces 2o7 and (2o7). Other guide elements, locking elements and Locking grooves are also, for which a detailed description is not necessary, as is generally customary in relevant practice, arranged in an expedient manner.

The circuit arrangement of FIG. 6 for generating alternating current pulses of switchable polarity and of selectable period segments duration according to a successive actuation of a button with the to this leading input terminals 251, 252, the one to the coil winding 253 of the bistable magnetic according to the invention Arrangement leading output terminals 254, 255 and to the phase (L) and the neutral (N) conductor, the is simultaneously used as a "-" line, power supply lines connected to an alternating current network

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"Tilting Magnetic Circuit"

WEGD-477O Soest 25 o22o / 11 "12.81 _O / DrBi

256, 257 or rectifier group consisting of series resistor 258, rectifier diode 259, charging capacitor 26o, Zener diode 261 and the positive "+" DC voltage line 262 for the power supply of the JK flip-flop module 263 has in the input circuit of the clock input (C _p ) 264 the Optocoupler 265, through which the circuit 266 with the input terminals 251, 252 is galvanically isolated from the clock input 264, and in the circuit of the output terminal · 254, the anti-parallel connected thyristor 267, 268, their "gate" electrodes with the Output signals of the optocoupler units 263 and 27o are applied and the electrodes opposite to the output are connected to the power supply line 256.

Depending on whether the further set (S _ß ) or reset (C _D ) inputs 271 or 272, possibly via further optocouplers 173, 274, have a signal of positive or zero voltage applied to them, the output signals are reversed the connections "Q" and "Q" with every positive voltage edge at the clock input 164, so that behind the capacitor 275 on the anti-parallel connected diodes 276, 277 with light effect ("light emitting diodes") of the optocouplers 269, 27o a positive or a negative Voltage pulse occurs. Correspondingly, the activated light emitting diode transmits the voltage pulse - galvanically separated - to the associated phototransistor 278, 279, which then controls the relevant thyristor 267, 268 via the associated "gate" electrode so that in one case a positive current and in the other a negative current flows through the coil winding; the bistable magnetic arrangement according to the invention is thus activated by a current of switchable polarity for overturning the mutual position of coil (15) (FIG. 1) and frame (6) (FIG. 1) with the one or with the other magnetic member, ie . in the case of the embodiment of

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"Tilting magnetic circuit"

WEG D-477O Soest 25 o22o / 11.12.81. / DrBi

from Fig.l for rapid back and forth movement of the frame (6) and thus by means of the rod-shaped boom (21 in Fig.l) of a mechanical or electrical switching device actuation. It can be easily seen that instead of an electrical contact group, mechanical mechanical engineering elements are also used by di ·. ; · ■ · in accordance with the bistable magnetic arrangement in «* (, <; ,. · ₃ operating modes can be switched.

Claims (9)

1. Electromagnet-armature combination, containing an electromagnet as the first and an armature as the second magnetic link. " of which one against the other and / or Moved from one of two stable layers to the other against a stationary assembly or »housing part is, the movement for the actuation of a mechanical or electrical switching device under the influence of a variable magnetic field can be closely monitored, characterized in that a) the first magnetic member is designed as a coil (15), ' a-) which contains a permanent magnetic core (3) and a ») switchable to a current source sufficient for magnetic polarity reversal of the core (3) Polarity can be connected, b) and the second magnetic member is a permanent magnet piece (13 or 14) "GM tilting magnetic circuit" WEG B-477o Soest edited version - o22o a / AZ: G 81 36 369.9 Io.o5.82. b-) with a perpendicular to the magnet axis (2o) Area parallel to a poly area (16) of the core (3) of the coil (15) and opposite it b ₂ ) made of a material, e.g. SECO (rare earth Cobalt) or oxide-ceramic ferrite, of a coercive field strength that is greater than that the material of the core (3) of the coil (15), e.g. ALNICO, c) and the first and / or the second link C ^) in a preferably non-magnetic guide piece in relation to their mutual movement from the stop on the one pole surface (16 or »17) to an opposite stop or in relation to the movement against a stationary housing part (mounting plate 1), both movements in the direction of the magnetic axis (2o), for the movable link (s), movably mounted, C ₂ ) with a holding and / or connecting piece (frame (CS) made of non-magnetic material, e.g. plastic, and / or material of low permanent magnetization for the possibly fixed magnetic member (coil .15.), Structurally united, C ₃ ) as well as with an actuating part (rod-shaped arm 21) for the switching device, in particular with an electrical contact spring set (65, 66, 69 in FIG. 2) of a relay are. 2. electron magnet-armature combination according to claim 1, - 3 - • ft ····· · «· t "Tilting Magnetic Circuit" GM .1. .:. '..' · .. · * .. '.: .. WEG D-477O Soest edited version - o22o a / AZ: G 81 36 369.9 Io.o5.82. characterized in that in addition - the other pole face (17) of the core (3) of the coil (15_) opposite and parallel to this - another permanent magnet piece (14), preferably of the same shape and material composition, however, the first (13) is arranged opposite polarity, wherein a) both permanent magnet pieces (13, 14) in corresponding Kaiteitüeke (end faces 7, S of the frame (3) built-in b) and / or a spacer (9 or Io) maintaining the mutual spacing is connected to both (are). 3. ElektroT "agnet armature combination according to one of claims 1 and 2 ₃ characterized in that the permanent magnetic core (3) of the coil (15, 15) is rigidly attached in it and / ^ o / or at least approximately the same length (5) like these. 4. Electromagnet Ankef combination according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the permanent magnet piece (s) (13, 14) are flat, ie. in the direction of the magnet axis (2o) is formed with a small height (19) (are). 3o 5. Electromagnet-armature combination according to one of claims 1 to 4, • t lit li • I I C ■ "Tilting Magnetic Circuit" WEG D-477O Soest revised version / DrBi o22o a / AZ: G 81 36 369.9 page 4 / Io.o5 ₀ 82. characterized in that the coil body (2) is stationary on a housing plate (mounting plate 1) mountable and the holding or connecting piece (frame 6) on it between guide elements (plate-shaped Cantilever) slidably mounted and that the holding or connecting piece on an end wall (7) a rod-shaped boom (21) a) with a recess (73 in Fig. 2) for an electrical contact spring set (65, 66, 69) the contact arm (69) belonging to the switching device b) and / or for a lever for displaying the switching position which is preferably formed in one piece and / or protrudes through a housing wall. 6. Electromagnet-armature combination according to one of claims 1 to 5, - .. ·. ' * characterized in that the holding or connecting piece as a frame (6_) with at least one Spacer (9, lo) between two end faces (end walls 7, 8), which the pole faces (16, 17) of the Core (3) of the coil (2) are arranged parallel and opposite one another, is formed. 7. Electromagnet-armature combination according to claim 6, characterized in that the frame (6) is rectangular with at least one spacer (9, lo), which has a spacer wall on the side of the • · t · I Il 111 "Tilting Magnetic Circuit" WEG D-477O Soest revised version / DrBi o22o a / AZ: G 81 36 369.9 page 5 / lo, o5.82. Coil (15,) forms and has a length that is greater is than the length (5) of the interposed bobbin (2) of the coil (15_), and with two end walls (7, 8) opposite the pole faces (13, 14) of the core (3) of the coil (15). 8. Electromagnet-armature combination according to one of claims 6 and 7> characterized in that the spacer (9 or lo) or the spacers (9, Io) of the frame (6) for the permanent magnet pieces (13, 14) on their free side walls, for example. by integrally molded, bead-shaped slide rails (11, 12), is (are) designed to be slidable. 9. Electromagnet-armature combination according to one of the claims 6 to 8, characterized in that one of the spacers (9, lo) of the frame (6_) for the permanent magnets (13, 14) with an optionally extending from one end of the frame (i>) over the spacer (9) slotted guide tongue (22) for one arm (25a) of a manually operated lever (25) is equipped, the other, preferably finger-shaped arm (29) with the one a right angle encloses and rests in actuating contact on one (8) of the end walls of the frame (6_) and is in operative connection with an electrical auxiliary contact spring set (32, 33).