DE732957C - Process for the production of high molecular weight waxy substances - Google Patents

Description

Process for the production of high molecular weight waxy substances It is known aliphatic compounds containing free or esterified carboxyl groups in the presence of catalysts that split off carbon dioxide at higher temperatures to heat, to convert the starting materials in this way into ketones and these then reduce, e.g. B. by treating with hydrogen under pressure in Presence of hydrogenation catalysts. The starting materials also included Substances are used which are hydrogenated by the oxidation of paraffin carbons, fats, fatty oils, fatty acids or pitches were obtained.

The products obtained in this way, like waxes in general, have the property to change their toughness abruptly when the melting point is exceeded, in such a way, that they are still a few grace below the melting point in solid, though partly in a soft or kneadable state, a few degrees above the melting point but are already fluid.

It has now been found that waxy E.rzeqgn: iss, e, the viscosity of which changes only slightly near the melting point, can be produced if the residues obtained from the distillation of fatty acids are treated with oxidizing agents , carbon dioxide is split off from the oxidation products by heating with catalysts and the resulting ketones are hydrogenated. All residues remaining during the distillation of natural or artificially produced fatty acids can serve as starting materials, it being possible for the distillation to be carried out under normal or reduced pressure, if necessary using inert gases or vapors. The oxidation of these still bottoms can be carried out according to the procedures of patents 405,850 , 566,450 or 579,988. The catalytic treatment of the oxidation products can be carried out in such a way that they are heated to temperatures above zoo ° with the addition of catalysts. As catalysts z. B. nickel, iron, manganese, Wolfrainsulfid or aluminum oxide or mixtures thereof into consideration. It is often advantageous to apply them to substrates such as diatomaceous earth, silica gel or fuller's earth. The substances thus obtained, consisting essentially of high molecular weight ketones, are hydrogenated, if necessary after previous purification and separation of the catalysts. This can be achieved catalytically with hydrogen and catalysts such as nickel or cobalt, or with sodium and alcohol or other reducing chemical substances. During the hydrogenation, a high degree of purification is achieved at the same time, so that light, yellow and even colorless end materials are obtained from the starting materials, some of which are brown and black. Hydrogenation can lead to secondary alcohols or to complete reduction to hydrocarbons.

The new products show in contrast to the waxes or waxy Substances do not have a sharp melting point, but go within a larger temperature range from a solid to a viscous state and still retain this state his 2o to 30 'above the softening point. You can take advantage of that various purposes of the wax-processing industry, applied "-grounds, namely because of the mentioned small change in toughness in the area of the melting point good as casting compounds.

The parts given in the following example are parts by weight.

EXAMPLE Residues obtained in the distillation of fatty acids in the manner described in patent specification 397 332 are oxidized with nitric acid. 65o parts of the raw, dark oxidation product with the codes: acid number 532, saponification number 602, melting point 70 °, are heated to 29 ° for 8 hours with 100 parts of iron powder. The black, hard ketone mixture, which has the following key figures: acid number, ¢, 2, saponification number 21, melting point 100 ', is treated with 130/0 of a nickel-kieselguhr catalyst at 300 ° and zoo atm. Hydrogenated under hydrogen pressure for 10 hours. This gives a brown, wax-like product with the following key figures: acid number 1.4, saponification rate 14.2, melting range about 95 to 10 °. It is still very viscous at 130 ' and is ideally suited as a potting compound.

Claims (1)

PATENTAXsrrt-cü: process for the production of waxy, mainly from secondary aliphatic alcohols or aliphatic hydrocarbons or two existing substances by treating substances that are free or verestzrte Contain carboxyl groups, with catalysts that release carbon dioxide effect, and subsequent hydrogenation of the resulting substances, characterized in that the starting materials are those obtained by oxidation of the residues of the fatty acid distillation resulting products are used.