DE6604585U - TEMPERED SAFETY GLASS - Google Patents

Description

DR.A. KÖHLER M. 5CHROED £ R PATENT LAWYERS TELEPHONE: 374742 8 MONKS 13 TELEGRAMS: CARBOPAT FRANZ-JOSEPH-STRASSE 48

Dr. K / G
FK-1738 a

5 ¹ ORD-WSRIiS AG, Cologne-Deut ^ pane made of tempered safety glass

The innovation concerns a new type of differently tempered Safety glass, which in addition to the high strength usually obtained with tempered glass has the further advantage that the breaking of the glass, if it occurs, occurs in a relatively small area, which is immediate surrounds the point of origin of the fracture is limited.

Of the two types of safety glass commonly used in vehicles, namely tempered safety glass and layered safety glass, the former has the “advantage of greater strength and greater resistance to stone chipping. When broken, common tempered glass disintegrates into many small particles over the entire surface. Exn further advantage is that these small particles to their low mass and relatively stunpfen edges and corners are relatively harmless in contrast to the large shards of glass on a normalized basis. On the other hand, since the particles interlock, there is a risk that the broken glass will stay in place, thereby obscuring the view. This is particularly disturbing iiachteil bai windshields as they are built on the basis of regulations al β view Scheiber · for the driver

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be installed. On request, photocopies or Rlmnegat · * · «can also be delivered at the usual prices. [it <!)

In order to avoid this disadvantage, some forms of different tempered glass developed. Due to the different Tempering is the way in which

j cracks in the glass continue, regulated, and some

j types of such products currently in use will be

described below. Although with these more or less successful the problem of maintaining the view through a partially broken windshield was loosened,

This did not circumvent the risk that under certain

j th fracture conditions large fragments of the glass in the

sassenraum can fly and that by the brother a very large opening can arise in the vehicle. In addition, some surfaces of such a differently tempered

S th glass inherently has a lower strength than full

feteraered glass.

The object of the present innovation is to provide an improved form of differently tempered glass in which the above-mentioned disadvantages of other types of differently tempered glasses are avoided. In particular, the objective is to maintain visibility by limiting the breakage of the windshield to only a small area. Furthermore, to achieve v / ground that released any large non-annealed surfaces by a fraction of the annealed surface v / ground and on returning ⁵ = "beat graining the driver hurt.

The essential feature of the differently tempered glasses according to the innovation is that they are invisible Overlapping restricted zones against the spread of a fracture divide them into a large number of relatively small zones. These exclusion zones limit the spread of any fracture to the zone in which it occurs. Consequently remains with no matter where a break is caused

ν / ρ item most of the windshield unbroken and in its frame, thereby reducing the dangers of a journey with a large opening in the front of the carriage being_ ends must be avoided. The deterioration in vision, if it occurs at all, will also be limited to a very small part of the windshield and the risk of flowing glass, even relatively Safe fragments of a tempered glass are kept to an absolute minimum.

The new disk is made of different ^ ctemperedi glass characterized in that it is divided into a plurality of zones by means of different tempering, dio They separated normally invisible barriers for fracture propagation from one zone to the next are. A pane of differently tempered glass, in the zones of highly tempered glass, is particularly advantageous Glass are surrounded by narrow restricted zones and thereby separated from each other, in which the spontaneous spread the fractures characteristic of fully tempered glass are stopped. These restricted areas are preferred reached suitably oriented compressive stresses in the glass. An embodiment in which these restricted zones are also very favorable be formed by the fact that the glass is locally normalized or left only partially tempered .. As advantageous Embodiments for the different tempering can either be thermal measures alone or different Solidifications are applied chemically.

Palis used certain parts and procedures in the description Specific expressions are used for the sake of clarity and simplicity, this nevertheless takes the general meaning in Understood within the scope of the present innovation.

In the following, the innovation is compared to sum Prior art explained with reference to the accompanying documents in which

Pig. 1 a schematic representation of a known porin a differently tempered glass, with the break pattern indicated,

2 shows a schematic representation of a further known form of differently tempered glass, where the fracture pattern is indicated,

Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a third known Shape of a differently tempered glass, with the break pattern indicated,

4 shows a schematic representation of a fourth known one Shape of a differently tempered glass, with the break pattern indicated,

; Pig. 5 is a schematic representation in which the arrangement of the tempered zones in the glass pane according to the innovation is shown, with one zone in the break

; is shown

Fig. 6 shows a schematic representation of the arrangement of the tempered zones in a glass according to the innovation, the zone being shown broken,

Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the application of the currents of cooling air, which is used to form a different preheating of a pane of glass in one Oven is used prior to annealing, with the glass shown in edge view, and

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of one of the FIGS. 7 £ e ~ showed cooling flow distributions

demonstrate.

One of the oldest differently tempered safety glasses, that to avoid the visual obstruction caused by the characteristic fine fracture pattern caused by tempered glass is shown in FIG. With this product v / ground islands of normalized or semi-annealed glass ("reserved zones") in a matrix of full tempered glass. When this glass fails, the main part breaks into those typical of tempered glass small fragments, while the reserved zones remain unbroken and allow continued viewing. At this Glass type, increased visual security after breakage is achieved at the expense of reduced security, since, if the Should the windshield be blown into the vehicle, the marrow-sized pieces of normalized glass are more dangerous for the occupants than the much smaller fragments of ordinary tempered glass. Also, there a relatively large proportion of the area of the windshield remains unannealed, the risk of breakage due to flying Stones compared to those in a fully tempered glass.

Another form of differently tempered glass overcomes these difficulties in that it is tempered over the entire surface. As shown in Fig. 2, The different tempering of this product creates two zones, one of which is ring-shaped or elliptical Area in front of the driver and the other represents the remainder of the windshield. Either of these two zones is fully annealed, and the side tensions vary in each zone in such a way that the interface between these un-

lit t

i, he is under pressure. This compressive stress in the border zone withstands the propagation of fractures from one zone to the other. Thus, no matter which zone of one remains Stone is injured and, as a result, divided, the other zone intact, leaving a relatively small movement of the head allows the driver to see through the undamaged rope of the windshield. However, if the larger outer zone breaks, there is also a risk here that the broken windshield hits the vehicle and that the relatively large unbroken piece of the interior Zone may injure the driver.

A third known form of differently tempered glass is shown in FIG. This is in turn tempered over the entire surface, but the two zones of different tempering are divided by a straight line across the V / indshield, as is also the case in US Pat. No. 2,866,299. This design not only solves the problem of maintaining visibility through the windshield after breakage, but also avoids that ± v. any larger fragments enter the aircraft. However, the absence of the disintegrated part of the windshield creates a large opening in the front torso of the vehicle.

Ei: ic fourth form i of a differently tempered safe - '. Ui'.t · -Lose needs in there; "an indiscriminate distribution greater.-j: .- cr Fra: n.; Nte is obtained when a large part of the V / ind- :; c'.ut;:.; c: \) \ be only partially good or. pert. A typical one r, ru ^ ir.v.stur oiucr -.ler-like windshield int in Fi ;.

ν .- .. ^ i-t. HiiT will improve visibility at the expense of one ν: ·. .ijiuei'-on oichu ;; hcit orhalton, since that is only partially; c- "bcmoerte Glass is less strong and because some of the fragments that can enter the passenger compartment are considerable : rößcr iiiiiu as the fragments of a full, - etched glass.

Obv / ohl with the known forms described above a differently tempered glass more or less successfully solves the problem of maintaining visibility by a partially broken windshield was loosened, the danger was not avoided under certain with them Breaking conditions know that large fragments of glass will fly into the passenger compartment and that a break will result in a large opening arises in the vehicle. In addition, there are some areas a differently tempered glass inherently less strong than a fully tempered glass "

As already stated, the present innovation is concerned with an improving form of a differently tempered glass, the ones listed above remaining Disadvantages of other known forms of differently tempered glasses are avoided. As shown in Figs. 5 and 6, The main feature of the new differently tempered glass is that it is invisible and overlapping Barriers for the propagation of the fracture divide it into a number of relatively small zones so that the Propagation of any fracture to the zone in which it originates is difficult. Thus, ~ anm remains the same, v / o remains Breakage is formed in by far most of the windshield unsbroken and in its frame, thus reducing the risk of a ride with a; large opening in the front the vehicle must be stopped is avoided. Auca the deterioration in vision, if it occurs at all, is obcnf-JLlc on a very small part of the windbreak disc limited. and the danger of flowing glass, even only from relatively harmless fragments of the gated cake Glass, is kept to an absolute minimum.

This is achieved through a special tempering of the glass or a corresponding tempering pattern.

if »ti * r * e« · f

ι as

The necessary barriers for spreading Fractures from one zone to the other can either be caused by suitably oriented compressive stresses in a pane of glass, which is totally completely annealed, achieved by grounding, or by having a narrow strip of barrier layer between fully tempered zones is left in a partially tempered state. Process for the formation of such directed Compression stresses or "reserved" (normalized or only partially annealed) zones are known per se Below are two new methods of training this new safety glass described, which form a further part or aspect of the innovation.

"Reserved" zones in tempered glass are commonly used formed by locally limiting the amount of heat transfer during the deterrent or by locally the temperature of the glass during the preheating process is reduced by suitable protective shields or by a combination of the two hates. The application of solid heat shielding either attached to the glass are or are kept in their caching, isu cumbersome, expensive and particularly troublesome in the case of glass parts, which must be offered before the deterrent.

Favorable in the context of the innovation is a method to locally reduce the temperature of the glass during pre-heating, without the use of a solid air barrier or heat shields. According to this point of view, the glass in a cooling furnace is heated differently by streaks of colder air, so that with three additional toning bor; tinmto parts C .; s glasses full.: Cbinds WGr ¹ Cn and other j parts only t: ilv / ciGc otc :: i; »ert v: ordon. The fully annealed zones are surrounded by partially annealed zones so that fractures are kept within a single fully annealed zone. It is particularly advantageous if

the partially tempered zones extend to the edge of the glass pane. The required locally reduced Temperatures are established in the glass in the preheating box, by striking the glass with currents of air at a temperature lower than that of the furnace. The cooling effect of these currents, especially laminar currents, is strongly localized. For example, laminar Currents, emanating from nozzles in the form of intersecting slots, are used in one to one practical uniform high temperature heated piece of glass a thin lattice of intersecting lines of lower To train temperature. If the glass preheated differently in this way then becomes practically uniform Subject to rapid quenching, the till of the glass is fully tempered, while the pre-cooled ones are themselves intersecting blocking lines only receive partial tempering · By appropriately setting the size of this partial tempering It is the strength of the glass itself in the area of the restricted zones which also serve to prevent fractures from spreading beyond them.

In the case of a thermally tempered glass, it was found that the formation of fractures over the partially tempered exclusion zones. / -! will hold if the extent of the change; in these zones "uif a na;: inal internal tension of about 350 kg / cm (;> 0UO pci) boGclir; .nl: t".: ird. This tension size is in contrast to oiru; r: .ia :: inal internal tension of about 4-90 kg / cm (70ÜU poi), in the case of 1: 3? In, in fully sealed glass. ·: Fraction jhar.ilctoriotic fragments formed v / ground. S jI ^ 'S ^ y jr3t; .Usually there can be a multitude of combinations of ΑΌγο :: γ :: 1: i.:ch :: 'nai;;:;oil; en and Glac jerjporaturen an ^ ev; andt v ; er - .. or., an α »n foreseen to result in the different tenperun ^ seffekt. If, for example, a 6.35 mm thick Katron-p-lime glass of the composition usually v / ond'-th for blowing with a coolant from Raui.itemperaxu? and at a speed

4 * 4 «f

- 10 -

If, corresponding to a heat transfer coefficient of 40 Btu per hour at the glass surface, per 0.093 πι ² per 0.55 ° C, the desired different temperature can be obtained if the initial glass temperature is more than 670, like the entire glass plate ⁰ C (1240 ⁰ P), while that of the restricted areas only affects 615 ° G (1140 ⁰ F).

A vorζujtos process for different thermal Tenjorung of glass consists in putting a pane of glass on it heated to a temperature above their normalization temperature certain zones of the glass, while it is still inside the furnace, by air jet currents impinging on the glass cooled v / ground, these currents a close spatial regulation of the distribution of glass temperatures allow, whereupon the glass preheated differently in this way at a practically uniform speed is cooled.

A suitable arrangement for different pre-deterrence of the glass is 3 in cross section. 7 shown. At this Embodiment hangs a sheet of glass 1 with one or more suitable tongs (one tong 7 is shown) in one vertical tempering furnace 2. One from a grid of with Distribution 3 formed by slotted tubes receives cooling air from an external source of origin through the Pipes 4- · The slots in the distribution 3 are sized and the distribution is at such a distance before. the. Glass, that the meeting of a system over.-chaeidender two-dimensional jet streams 5 obtained on the glass will. A partial isolation of the distribution ρ and the supply pipe 4 can be used as appropriate Temperature difference between the ambient temperature in the furnace and the relatively small volume of air, that is used to pre-cool the glass.

Although in Fie. 7 clic application of this procedure to a s * yikreehten tempering furnace and the pre-cooling of the Glasoo in the pattern of an overlapping grid :; is shown, the same measure can also be used for horizontal ovens and for the impingement of currents other than intersecting two-dimensional jet flows are used, e.g. for a series of circular flows to give the type of pre-cooling used in the production of Different tempered glass, for example that shown in Fig. 1, may be desirable.

As an alternative process for the production of different Tempered glass plates according to the innovation can also be used in the known methods of chemical strengthening Apply in different ways. These chemical treatments consist of ion exchange and / or surface nucleation crystallization of the glass at elevated temperatures, thereby removing the surface layers of the glass modified in the way that its expansion coefficient is lower than that of the rest of the glass mass, so that while cooling, these surface layers are kept in compression. On the other hand, the desired compressive stresses in the glass surface by ion exchange at a temperature below the distortion point v / ground, wherein ,, In this ion exchange, the replacement of relatively small ! ions, such as sodium ions, through larger ions, such as potassium ions.

Unlike thermal annealing, which has a practically parabolic stress distribution through the thickness of the glass arises, only a very thin layer of the glass near its surface is underneath during chemical strengthening Suspense set. The specific tension energy in this glass is correspondingly reduced, as is the case with the rest of the glass Tensile stress inside the glass is the case. By

separate variation of the size of the surface compression and the thickness of the compressed layer can be found in gowissem Extent independent of the reinforcement effect of the chemical treatment and its influence on the break pattern of the glass vary. It is therefore possible to use a differently tempered Manufacture glass according to the invention by subjecting the glass to a more intensive chemical treatment as the border zones between the highly annealed sections subject, in these sections an increase in strength without the property of the propagation of fractures to withstand, desired v / ird. This different chemical treatment can be achieved by a number of methods « One is the areas of the glass intended as restricted zones by a chemically resistant film to coat, to chemically treat those parts of the glass that are not protected, then to strip off the protective film and the entire glass of further chemical treatment subject in such a way that the previously not ge ■ protected areas are sufficiently treated so that they Both high strength and fine fracture properties attain, while the previously protected surfaces only one have increased strength. On the other hand, the areas of the glass where a higher tension is desired can be printed with a paste containing the chemically active substances and a certain pre-treatment in this way obtained before placing the entire glass object in a molten salt solution for further ion exchange its entire surface is immersed.

A chemical V _e rfestigungcverfahren that is led to the extent that it contains up to the point increases the strength of a glass article without increasing its specific voltage energy, where a fraction, if initiated, resulting in a fragmentation of the glass, can be used as chemical HaIbtemperung or Semite body.

Claims (1)

il
It 1) Protection claims j 1.) Disk made of differently tempered glass, there characterized in that it is subdivided into a plurality of zones by means of different tempering, the by normally invisible exclusion zones against the spread of ruts from one zone to one are divided into another zone. 2.) Glass pane according to claim 1, characterized in that “That zones of tempered glass of narrow barrier layer zones are surrounded and thereby separated from each other, in which the spontaneous spread of the for fully tempered glass Characteristic breaks inhibited will " ! 3 ·) Glass pane according to claim 1 or 2, characterized net that the restricted zones overlap like a grid. 4-.) Glass pane according to claim 1 to 3> characterized in that the restricted zones by suitably oriented compressive stresses are formed in the glass. 5.) Glass pane according to claim 1 to 3> characterized in that that the restricted zones are formed by the fact that the glass is locally normalized or only partially tempered is left.