DE507C - Gas firing - Google Patents

Description

1877.

Class 24.

L. HAARMANN in HANNOVER. Gas fire.

Patented in the German Empire on July 4, 1877. Longest duration: August 31, 1891.

In the previously common constructions of the Sie men s see regenerative gas stoves. was it is not possible to use an absolutely reducing or oxidizing one on the hearth at will To maintain a flame, as is extremely necessary for many heating processes. If one wanted to produce a reducing flame, one had to use little air and excess work on gas; naturally lost the temperature of the melt or. Annealing room, because the excess of gas which did not come to combustion took up a large part of the heat absorbed both in the chamber and in the hearth, but then went away unused.

With the construction illustrated in the accompanying drawing, inventors believe this To have raised the problem and to have the furnace both completely reducing and oxidizing To have made flame capable of generating the highest temperatures.

The arrangement of the apparatus and the whole course of the process are as follows:

a. If an absolutely reducing effect of the flame is to be achieved: From the one in GrundrifsFig. ι of the drawing under β recorded, to be operated with underwind generator, the gas is brought through the line b to the Reversir apparatus c . Depending on the position of the valve, it falls into channel d or d.

Assuming that, as indicated by arrows in the drawing, the gas falls into channel d , this brings it into chamber e under the furnace, which is divided into three sections by partitions in such a way that the gas is forced (as indicated by the arrows in the longitudinal section Fig. 2) to rise, fall and then rise again, in short, to cover the longest possible way and thereby come into contact with the stones that form the latticework for as long and violently as possible.

For the sake of clarity, the latticework is only drawn on one side.

After the gas has passed the three compartments of the chamber e , it passes through the channel / into the hearth m, where the or objects to be heated simply under reduction flame.

Is carried out of the exit of the gas through the channel / ,, which leads it in the top part of the first division of the chamber e _t, where it is caused by the supply of air, the combustion of the gas.

The air is fed in as follows: the pipeline g leads the pressurized air obtained by means of a blower device through the pipe system of the wind-heating apparatus /. The wind-heating apparatus is here, for example, a simple water catcher, as it is still used in many Hohofen works. The wind pipe g leads the air in the upper part of the apparatus towards the heating gases and lets them escape from the lower part of the apparatus. Immediately after its exit, it enters the throttle valve u. This throttle valve brings the air through the line A ₁ to the side of the chamber e _x , as in the case mentioned when the gas is led to the chamber e . From the pipeline A ₁ , the air enters the wind box I ₁ , in which the slide V ₁ is located. This slide is provided with slots which, in the case mentioned, stand on the openings k _y , so that the air can get into the chamber e . Here, as already noted, it now meets the gases flowing out of the furnace through pipe /, which causes the latter to burn. The combustion gases then pass through the three compartments of the chamber ^ ₁ and give the largest part of their temperature to the grille inside, pass through the channel d _t, which is also still exposed with latticework, to the reversing apparatus c, where they pass through the position of the flap are forced to go into the channel η leading to the wind heating apparatus.

In the wind-heating apparatus, the temperature still present in the gases becomes Wind warming exploited.

On top of the wind-heating apparatus is the chimney o through which the gases escape into the open. If gas and air have been allowed to pass through the furnace and chambers in one direction in the manner described, by changing the reversing valve c, the throttle valve u, by closing the slide V ₁ and opening the slide ν, the direction for air and gas is reversed produced so that the gas in the direction di e _t I ₁ m I after the chamber e, the air

but got through uhi ν k to e . It goes without saying that the combustion then takes place in the upper part of e . The temperature phenomena resulting from the two directions of gas and air, which are separated above, are as follows:

Assume that the gas, be it pure carbon dioxide gas and nitrogen, emerges from the generator at a very low temperature of perhaps 50 ^° C., through the gas line b into the valve apparatus c and through the channel d into the chamber e, from there through the channel / to the stove in, then through the channel Z ₁ to the point of combustion in e _t . Further assumed, that the whole apparatus, furnace chambers lines after previous proper drying air temperature of 12 ⁰ C have, the gas after it has given the greater part of its temperature on his way, with a temperature of 20 ⁰ C get to ^ ₁ ; there it burns due to the air, which is also fed in at a low temperature. The temperature increase resulting from this combustion of the combustion gases produced from the originally 20 ^° C warm air and gas is 400 ^° C, so these gases will have 400 - (- 20 ^ 420 ^° C heat. When they pass through the chamber, they indicate that latticework of the same, as well as afterwards in the wind heating-apparatus to the wind lines a portion of their temperature; the latticework in ^ ₁ and the wind Erhitzungs - apparatus are thereby brought to a temperature of about an average of 250 ⁰ C; so that at the combustion point, the stones circa 400 have ° C, the gases leaving the top of the wind heating-apparatus still 60 ⁰ C.

Now gas and air are passed through in opposite directions. Both, the air in the heater, the gas in the latticework of chamber e, assume a higher temperature, so that the gas may already have 100 ^° C. when it enters the furnace through I _1. After it has submitted to the herd of perhaps half its heat, it reaches 50 ⁰ C to c, is there along with perhaps heated to 100 ⁰ C air, the average temperature of the burning gases DAF perhaps 70 ° to 75 ⁰ C. ; In addition, the increase in temperature of 400 ^° C. brought about by the combustion gives a temperature of the combustion products of 475 ^° C. The latticework in e, through which these combustion gases pass, will of course be heated considerably more than the latticework in <? ,, because just the gases are hotter; For the same reason, a higher temperature of the evacuating gases will also come into effect in the wind-heating apparatus, so that the air will also be brought to a higher temperature.

Referring after this, the latticework DAF in e and the wind heating-apparatus are brought to an average of 300 ⁰ C, the latticework has in ^ ₁ at the upper part of perhaps 450 ⁰ C, the wind heating-apparatus at the exit may be 80 ⁰ C.

When but times change from Reversir apparatus and throttle the back sweeping through the chamber e Gas will now assume a temperature of perhaps 150 ⁰ C, will lose his way through the furnace maybe 75 ⁰ C, the latter thus also returned to its temperature increase and arrive on the other side in ^ ₁ with 75 ⁰ C, so get back ^{to the combustion with a 25 0} C higher temperature. The wind will also flow in again at a higher temperature, the stones will again assume a higher temperature, as will the wind-heating apparatus. The next time the gas is changed, the gas will have gained 50 ^° C. again and perhaps 25 ^° C. will take effect in the furnace, in short, there will be a continuous increase in the temperature of the gas flowing into the furnace. Jump times will be a temperature of 2000 ⁰ C - it is believed, that 25 ⁰ C are obtained at jedesmaligem changes, so will after 40 - times will change in the furnace a temperature of 1000 ° C after 80th If you change every half hour, the furnace has been ^{brought to 2000 °} C. after 40 hours, enough to reduce iron stone and manganese oxides and to keep steel liquid. Theoretically, the gas can be brought to an infinitely high temperature, as in practice, the experiments must show.

One thing is it, that in the Whit well-equipment of wind at 800 ⁰ C and more has been heated. If one assumes that a whitewell apparatus is heated by gases which are simply caused to burn by cold air, one must absolutely admit that considerably higher temperatures can be generated in the apparatus assembled by the inventor. So far the apparatus has only been explained on the premise that one wants to produce a pure, reducing flame.

b. If you want a neutral resp. generate oxidising flame, the throttle ^ ₁ or the valve in the air conduit is provided so that air is not that after its exit from the Winderhitzungs- 'apparatus according goes down, but by / z ₂ u L · flows to Fuchs, then of course on the same side where the gas flows in. One will then have the same effects as with the Siemens regenerative ovens and will only be able to work more favorably insofar as the direction of the wind guidance can be completely influenced by the position of the slots k ₂ and thereby the effect of the jet flame in the Siemens' See furnace often can avoid caused melting away of the vault.

c. With the apparatus it is even possible to avoid very high tem-

To have temperatures on the hearth with the flame still reducing, some of the gas burns on the fire bridge, while the excess is burned afterwards in the chamber on the other side or in the wind-heating apparatus by the admission of air. If you want to encourage this, the throttle valve and the same one does not need to completely conclude only when changing, the air DAF in both arms DER wind pipe according ee _t penetrate ■ can. The distribution can be regulated very easily by setting the throttle valve. When the gas enters on the side of chamber e , the throttle valve U ₁ located in the wind duct is closed in such a way that the air does not have to enter the stove after chamber e, but through h ₂ in k _2; one part of the gas is then burned, while the other part of the gas burns in or in the wind-heating apparatus, to which the other part of the necessary air is directed.

According to the inventor, the principle of the gas-firing apparatus he put together believes that he has explained enough, he turns to some details, which may not have been sufficiently motivated by drawing and description.

The perforated slides vv \ v ₂ v ₃ are there to prevent the gas from escaping from the chamber into the pipelines; they are provided with slots through which, if necessary, the gas enters the outflow openings k ^ ₁ k ₂ k ₃ and from here into the chamber or. on the stove.

The valves or throttle flaps U ₁ U ₂ are of course set up in such a way that, when the wind duct leading to the chambers is fully open, they completely close the branch leading to the fire bridge, and vice versa. In the drawing, the inventor has taken a Siemens-Martin steel melting furnace as an example in which his device is installed. But it can be attached to all furnaces, to annealing, reduction, rust, oxidation and smelting furnaces.

In the drawing, attention is immediately given to racking, Giefstrichter, Coquilles and turntable, precisely because it is based on a steel melting furnace.

If you have what the inventor considers his furnace equipment to be most advantageous for, If the furnace is used for reducing smelting, the tap and the funnel are set into an atmosphere of the same same reducing gases which are active in the furnace and in this way prevents any oxidation.

Ultimately, the entire system as shown in the drawing must not be judged from the strictly constructive standpoint. Every single one on the Principe of the submitted apparatus-based plant will vary according to its purpose and according to develop local conditions. The inventor

only wanted to try to fully express his thoughts in the drawing bring.

The same applies to the dimensions, which the regenerative chambers and the Wind-heating devices are given, dimensions, which, like all other facilities, depend on local conditions and the desired degree of heat.

It has already been mentioned that the gas as well as the air are supplied by blower pressure, also evident from the whole complex; the air and gas pressure are subject to local conditions and in all cases the purpose of the facility.

The advantage of the previously described gas furnace assembled by the inventor lies in As the inventor sums up again, in the following points:

1. The heat of the combustion gases is used longer and more fully, as with the Siemens regenerative gas firing.

2. A reducing, as well as oxidizing, flame can be used with absolute certainty on the hearth be generated.

3. The reducing flames can be produced without loss of gas, as with the Siemens furnaces.

4. When the throttle valve is positioned in such a way that part of the air comes into effect on one side in the hearth and another part only on the other side in the chamber, the highest temperature can be given without the danger of oxidation. One has only to suppose that the will to 2000 ⁰ C heated gas partly still burned on the hearth, and will then have a picture light, which is as high as to reach temperature.

5. The construction of the furnace is simplified in that there is only one chamber under it on each side, and the complicated supply of gas and air from the chambers will fall away.

6. Many stoves which were built earlier suffered from the defect that the chambers were closed were small; by the above-described device this error can be avoided without major Remedial work can be done, even with older systems.

7. The danger of the vault melting away is reduced to a minimum because the direction of the incoming wind can influence the direction of the entire flame in the furnace. After a given description of the device of the apparatus, the operation in the same and its advantages, the inventor conceives the the patents underlying idea based on which establishment, operation and advantages, in short it together: that instead of Siemens' in regenerative - Gas-fired two lattice chambers located under the furnace, a wind heating apparatus is used to heat the lift, while the gas is heated in regenerative chambers.

For this purpose ι sheet of drawings.