DE4329551A1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung von Leichtbaureflektoren mittels beschichteter Silicium-Formkörper - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Leichtbaureflektoren mittels beschichteter Silicium-FormkörperInfo
- Publication number
- DE4329551A1 DE4329551A1 DE19934329551 DE4329551A DE4329551A1 DE 4329551 A1 DE4329551 A1 DE 4329551A1 DE 19934329551 DE19934329551 DE 19934329551 DE 4329551 A DE4329551 A DE 4329551A DE 4329551 A1 DE4329551 A1 DE 4329551A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- silicon
- fiber
- reflector
- sic
- cmc
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title claims description 29
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 28
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011226 reinforced ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 53
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011153 ceramic matrix composite Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011204 carbon fibre-reinforced silicon carbide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000001170 unmyelinated nerve fiber Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001171 gas-phase infiltration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004918 carbon fiber reinforced polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 metals form compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920003257 polycarbosilane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 208000019901 Anxiety disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011184 SiC–SiC matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012761 high-performance material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052575 non-oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011225 non-oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
- G02B7/182—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors
- G02B7/183—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors specially adapted for very large mirrors, e.g. for astronomy, or solar concentrators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/89—Coating or impregnation for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/08—Mirrors
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
Description
- - Kohlenstoffasertyps und der Faservorbehandlung,
- - der Faserorientierung bzw. Anordnung,
- - den Fasergehalt,
- - das Formgebungsverfahren (Preß-, Laminier- bzw. Wickelverfahren),
- - die Anzahl der Nachverdichtungszyklen sowie
- - Glüh- und Graphitierungstemperaturen
- - die chemische Gasphaseninfiltration [CVI],
- - die Precursorimprägnierung/Pyrolyse von Si- Polymeren und
- - das Flüssig- (Kapillar-) oder Dampfsilizierverfahren.
- 1. Formgebung über bekannte CFK- Technologien (Wickeln, Laminieren, Pressen, Aufschlämmen)
- 2. Pyrolyse der Matrix bei 800-1200°C unter Vakuum oder Schutzgas
- 3. Infiltration des C/C- Verbundes mit geschmolzenem Silicium und anschließender SiC- Konvertierung bei 1400 bis ca. 2000°C im Vakuum (Kapillarsilizierung).
- 1. Formgebung mittels bekannter CFK- Technologien (Wickeln, Laminieren, Pressen)
- 2. Pyrolyse der Matrix bei 800 bis 1200°C unter Vakuum oder Schutzgas
- 3. Chemische Gasphaseninfiltration mit Pyrokohlenstoff
- 4. Graphitierung der C/C- Composites
- 5. Infiltration des C/C- Verbundes mit geschmolzenem Silicium und anschließender SiC- Konvertierung bei Temperaturen zwischen 1400 und 2000°C im Vakuum.
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19934329551 DE4329551A1 (de) | 1992-03-05 | 1993-09-02 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Leichtbaureflektoren mittels beschichteter Silicium-Formkörper |
| JP23410494A JP3600642B2 (ja) | 1993-09-02 | 1994-09-01 | 反射体及びその製造方法 |
| DE59409178T DE59409178D1 (de) | 1993-09-02 | 1994-09-02 | Reflektor und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Reflektors |
| EP94113786A EP0642040B1 (de) | 1993-09-02 | 1994-09-02 | Reflektor und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Reflektors |
| AT94113786T ATE190407T1 (de) | 1993-09-02 | 1994-09-02 | Reflektor und verfahren zur herstellung eines reflektors |
| US08/300,633 US5565052A (en) | 1992-03-05 | 1994-09-02 | Method for the production of a reflector |
| ES94113786T ES2145796T3 (es) | 1993-09-02 | 1994-09-02 | Reflector y procedimiento para fabricar un reflector. |
| US08/653,334 US5825565A (en) | 1992-03-05 | 1996-05-24 | Reflector |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19924207009 DE4207009C2 (de) | 1992-03-05 | 1992-03-05 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Reflektors, Reflektor sowie dessen Verwendung |
| DE19934329551 DE4329551A1 (de) | 1992-03-05 | 1993-09-02 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Leichtbaureflektoren mittels beschichteter Silicium-Formkörper |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE4329551A1 true DE4329551A1 (de) | 1995-03-16 |
Family
ID=25912538
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19934329551 Ceased DE4329551A1 (de) | 1992-03-05 | 1993-09-02 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Leichtbaureflektoren mittels beschichteter Silicium-Formkörper |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE4329551A1 (de) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19609784A1 (de) * | 1996-03-13 | 1997-09-18 | Jurca Optoelektronik Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Umlenkung eines Laserstrahles und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
| DE19730739A1 (de) * | 1997-07-17 | 1999-02-11 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Laserspiegeln |
| DE19909703A1 (de) * | 1999-03-05 | 2000-09-07 | Schlafhorst & Co W | Vorrichtung zur optischen Garnüberwachung |
| EP1138654A1 (de) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-04 | ECM Ingenieur-Unternehmen für Energie-und Umwelttechnik GmbH | Herstellung einer keramischen Beschichtung für optische Anwendungen und Verfahren zur Aufbringung dieser auf Oberflächen von kohlenstofffaserverstärktem Siliziumcarbid |
| DE10243657A1 (de) * | 2002-09-19 | 2004-04-01 | Astrium Gmbh | Leichtbau-Schichtstruktur und Verfahren zur Herstellung |
| EP0987096A3 (de) * | 1998-08-20 | 2004-09-15 | ECM Ingenieur-Unternehmen für Energie-und Umwelttechnik GmbH | Leichtgewichtsstruktur |
| DE10315737A1 (de) * | 2003-04-04 | 2004-11-04 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Carbidkeramik-Werkstoff |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2946713A1 (de) * | 1979-11-20 | 1981-05-21 | Basf Farben + Fasern Ag, 2000 Hamburg | Verfahren zum herstellen einer reflektierenden oberflaeche |
| US4814232A (en) * | 1987-03-25 | 1989-03-21 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for depositing laser mirror coatings |
| US4842398A (en) * | 1986-12-30 | 1989-06-27 | Societe De Fabrication D'instruments De Mesure (S.F.I.M.) | Ultralight-weight mirror and method of manufacturing it |
| JPH0413101A (ja) * | 1990-05-07 | 1992-01-17 | Toshiba Ceramics Co Ltd | シンクロトロン放射光用反射ミラー |
-
1993
- 1993-09-02 DE DE19934329551 patent/DE4329551A1/de not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2946713A1 (de) * | 1979-11-20 | 1981-05-21 | Basf Farben + Fasern Ag, 2000 Hamburg | Verfahren zum herstellen einer reflektierenden oberflaeche |
| US4842398A (en) * | 1986-12-30 | 1989-06-27 | Societe De Fabrication D'instruments De Mesure (S.F.I.M.) | Ultralight-weight mirror and method of manufacturing it |
| US4814232A (en) * | 1987-03-25 | 1989-03-21 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for depositing laser mirror coatings |
| JPH0413101A (ja) * | 1990-05-07 | 1992-01-17 | Toshiba Ceramics Co Ltd | シンクロトロン放射光用反射ミラー |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19609784A1 (de) * | 1996-03-13 | 1997-09-18 | Jurca Optoelektronik Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Umlenkung eines Laserstrahles und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
| DE19730739A1 (de) * | 1997-07-17 | 1999-02-11 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Laserspiegeln |
| DE19730739C2 (de) * | 1997-07-17 | 1999-06-02 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Laserspiegeln |
| EP0987096A3 (de) * | 1998-08-20 | 2004-09-15 | ECM Ingenieur-Unternehmen für Energie-und Umwelttechnik GmbH | Leichtgewichtsstruktur |
| DE19909703A1 (de) * | 1999-03-05 | 2000-09-07 | Schlafhorst & Co W | Vorrichtung zur optischen Garnüberwachung |
| EP1138654A1 (de) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-04 | ECM Ingenieur-Unternehmen für Energie-und Umwelttechnik GmbH | Herstellung einer keramischen Beschichtung für optische Anwendungen und Verfahren zur Aufbringung dieser auf Oberflächen von kohlenstofffaserverstärktem Siliziumcarbid |
| DE10243657A1 (de) * | 2002-09-19 | 2004-04-01 | Astrium Gmbh | Leichtbau-Schichtstruktur und Verfahren zur Herstellung |
| DE10315737A1 (de) * | 2003-04-04 | 2004-11-04 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Carbidkeramik-Werkstoff |
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| 8130 | Withdrawal | ||
| R002 | Refusal decision in examination/registration proceedings | ||
| R003 | Refusal decision now final |
Effective date: 20120704 |