DE4238133A1 - Long fibre-reinforced product prodn. - involves laying down resin impregnated fibre along axial path between rotating end plates with hooks and after curing resin, using as mandrel for final prod. - Google Patents

Abstract

A filament placing process for prodn. of long fibre-reinforced plastic products involves laying down a continuous fibre (12), pref. impregnated with a crosslinkable resin, between two rotating end plates (22,24) with fibre holding devices (26,28). Fibre is placed by a carriage (46) moving backwards and forwards between the end plates (22,24) to build up a tubular structure comprising axially aligned and if necessary circumferential fibres. On completion of fibre lay down the resin is cured to form a tube which serves as a mandrel for further fibre lay down. Process plant comprises a lathe-type arrangement with head stock supports (32,34) each carrying a rotating plate (22,24) with fibre take-up hooks (26,28) on the rear face, the hooks (26,28) being arranged at the circumference of the product under prodn. A carriage (42) with a fibre feed (46) moves backwards and forwards along a rail (44) to place the fibres (12) over the hooks (26,28) at both ends. The end plates (22,24) can be exchanged and are shaped to suit the profile of the final product. Fibres (12) run over the plate (22,24) edges during lay-down. USE/ADVANTAGE - Used to produce a long fibre-reinforced product, e.g. poles. Eliminates the use of a solid mandrel allowing prodn. of shapes not possible with such mandrels and also accelerates the process.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a method for producing a elongated workpiece made of fiber-reinforced, hardens material, such as synthetic resin, with the process steps

• a) Arranging rotatable and along the axis of rotation mutually displaceable receiving device for ampl fibers of the ends of the elongated Workpiece;
• b) arranging a ver between the receiving devices mobile carriage, from which the reinforcing fibers to the Receiving devices can be attached,
• c) axial and radial application of between the up reinforcement fibers and Soak them with the curable material position of a fabric tube soaked with the material,
• d) curing the material, according to patent (patent application P 41 37 379.0).

State of the art

The DE-GM 70 23 422 describes to provide annular metallic end pieces and to form on the outer periphery in a certain way shaped cams that are to produce a firm and permanent connection between a plastic middle part and the annular end pieces, for which purpose reinforcing fibers in an axial arrangement these cams are looped around. The starting point is an existing cylindrical middle piece 1 , to which two end pieces 2 A, 2 B (see FIG. 1 of this document) are attached, which end pieces serve as cams 3 for receiving the reinforcing fibers forming the axial winding 4 . According to page 2, last paragraph, one (or more) radial winding can also be provided below this axial winding 4 , as well as above this axial winding 4 . Furthermore, it is mentioned that additional axial windings can be applied. On page 1, lines 4 to 8, it is emphasized that the plastic tube or container is to be provided with a reinforcing fiber winding, which means that the tube or cylindrical container serves as a winding mandrel in this process. Further details regarding the procedure are not explained, since this publication is essentially about the shape of the cam, around which the reinforcing fibers to be tensioned are placed.

DE-AS 12 37 767 describes a method for producing cylindrical tubes of finite length with inner flanges arranged on the end face made of glass fiber reinforced synthetic resin. Here flange rings 21 , 26 , which can be connected by means of bolts 27 , serve as mandrels between which the fibers 23 can be stretched essentially freely. The disadvantage here is that only those hollow bodies can be produced in which such inner flanges arranged at the end must be provided. Other workpieces that do not require such arrangements are not producible according to the method known from this document.

DE-AS 16 29 598 describes a method for producing conical hollow masts made of hardenable glass fiber reinforced Resin known. The starting point of the procedure is also here the axially parallel arrangement of glass fiber strands without Tension around a mandrel or core, which fiberglass strands then before the start of the hardening process under tension be set, with the bias during curing of the resin is maintained. The thorn also serves to create the cavity that will subsequently exist is, the mandrel after introduction of the resin, but removed from the assembly prior to its final curing becomes. The process is unsuitable for the production of workpieces that deviate from the conical shape, since only when the workpiece is conical does the removal of the Dornes in the manner described is possible.

DE-OS 17 84 738 describes a process for the production described a mast that also has a conical shape points. The finished mast made of polyester contains several interconnected winding layers. The winding these layers take place on a rotating mandrel, at the fiber optic strands or narrow ribbons of a plurality of fiberglass rovings first through a soaking bath of the Polyester resin passed through and then with a large amount angle of spiral on the rotating mandrel be wound up. Then in opposite Directed a second winding layer applied, whereby crossing windings arise. In the publication is proposed to in between the individual winding layers Reinforcing threads extending in the longitudinal direction are preferred see that during winding even under tension  can be placed. This can be done according to the document by the fact that the star-shaped holding devices for the reinforcing threads movable in the axial direction and are adjustable.

DE-OS 20 35 541 describes the manufacture of a pressure vessel, in which manufacture a basic winding in the form of a ring winding is first applied to an inner sealing layer. This inner sealing layer serves as a core or mandrel. Threads, fibers or rovings can then be applied to this first ring winding at any winding angle. To support these windings are ring-shaped holding elements with several pins. The sealing layer, which can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, and which is held by a sealing coil 4 each serves as the mandrel here. On page 8, second paragraph, it is expressly stated that all pressure vessels or pipes described are manufactured using a support element. For this purpose, demountable mandrels are mentioned, which can then be removed through small openings in the polar caps. According to this document, however, simple parallel winding mandrels are used, since the containers or tubes in each case have an opening which is the same size as the inside diameter of the tubes or containers. Subsequently, it is mentioned that the sealing layer 3 can be made so strong that it takes over the function of a support element and remains in the container.

DE-OS 27 46 290 describes a method for winding described fiber-reinforced composite bodies, in which fibers back and forth on a mandrel in a longitudinal direction of the mandrel to be wound up. Here too is a thorn required. The thorn carries pins at its ends which the reinforcement threads to be applied axially be stretched.

EP 0 284 497 A1 describes a method for producing an article containing a fabric, in which a mandrel, which here has a cylindrical shape, is also used, see for example FIG. 3 of this document.

A method according to the type mentioned at the outset is essentially known from GDR patent specification 207 673. However, a (conical) mandrel is also used in this document, on which individual or also several fiber strands 9 are unwound from a supply spool, passed through an impregnation bath 10 and then applied to the winding former by means of a reciprocating carriage via deflection rollers. A radial winding with a predetermined angle and a fixed pitch is then wound onto the basic winding thus produced (an axial winding). The supply reel 8 , an impregnation bath, a stripper and deflection rollers are moved back and forth by means of a slide. At the same time, the winding body is set into a rotary motion via a drive motor or a gear. Then two axial windings are applied to the winding body 3 by means of the reciprocable carriage and by means of pin disks. At closing pin disks with a larger diameter then fiber strands are created, which are capped at predetermined locations, starting from the larger diameter of the winding body, so as to achieve a constant wall thickness over the entire length of the hollow profile, which is the point of the entire publication. So that the cut fiber strands do not fall off the winding body 3 , a thin radial fiber strand with a large pitch is wound as a holder. At the same time, the axially displaceable pin disks are moved outwards by a certain amount with tensioning devices, as a result of which the continuous fiber strands are tensioned and firmly attach to the winding former 3 and additionally clamp the cut fiber strands between them. In the publication it is then stated that instead of the thin radial fiber strand with a high pitch, the following radial winding can also be used for holding the cut fiber strands of the axial winding. Then reinforcement were then placed in the axial direction with the help of the carriage 13 , which can be continuous or graded. Ent is thus a multi-layer hollow profile using a mandrel, which must always be conical.

A disadvantage of all known arrangements and methods point is the need to have a solid core or mandrel to provide, on the one hand, the variety of shapes that can be produced drastically restricted, for example, to such forms that also allow removal of the mandrel, such as a conical shape, the other is for manufacturing the elongated form of time required by need maneuverability to close this thorn afterwards remove, increased dramatically.

The present invention has set itself the task of to improve the above-mentioned method in such a way that on the one hand waived the use of a fixed mandrel can not only be very different shapes to enable events with conventional fixed Thorns can no longer be realized, and that others the manufacturing of the elongated workpiece is accelerated drastically.

The task is solved according to the label part of the To Proverb 1, namely in that by axial application and clamping at least a first axial position of Fibers (possibly supplemented by a subsequent application a radial, second layer of fibers) one of the desired Shape of the workpiece corresponding, with curable Material impregnated fabric tube is created, which after Aus hardening serve as a winding mandrel for further fiber layers can.  

These measures make it possible to ultimately be lovingly shaped elongated workpiece without a later solid mandrel or core to be removed. Next This larger variety of shapes that can be produced is the new one Process also many times faster than before and Insofar also works more economically and U. with ge lesser committee. The procedure also enables the Workpieces in their entirety, d. H. with all Straps, brackets or other desired fasteners finished manufacturing.

The high speed at which the reinforcing thread or fiber can be applied, results in particular then, if according to a development of the invention Sled peeled reinforcement fiber or reinforcement fiber strand with the curable material or with one of the Components of this material (such as binders and / or Hardener) is wetted. The increase in speed results once in that on a subsequent watering can either be completely dispensed with, or it can holds within narrower limits than if the drawn fiber is applied dry. According to yet another further formation of the invention is the fiber or the fiber strand only so far wetted or the wetting by wiping directions reduced so far that they are essentially only for Reduction of friction when applying the fiber or Fiber strands serves. This procedure has the advantage that the thread guided at a particularly high speed is less heavily loaded when turning, due to the the friction-reducing wetting, on the other hand there is no danger that during the deflection strong acceleration wetting material is thrown, which leads to indefinable ver conditions could lead. A reduction in friction can also done by an adhesion promoter. A spinning can can also be reduced by sufficient viscosity of the  applied material.

The wetting can take place in a first soaking bath, which is the curable material or one of its compos contains elements, if necessary can then in a (or several) other drinking baths a wetting with other Components are done. The drinking bath can also be used directly located under the finished workpiece from the fibers and so wet the entire workpiece as it does in Electrolysis process is applicable.

A fiber or a fiber bundle can alternatively also in a first and at least one further fiber or a additional fiber bundles in at least one other soaking bath are wetted, whereupon the multiple fibers or Bundle of fibers before or during application to the holders facilities are united.

The fibers to be applied can also be by an electric lysing bath can be drawn to this by means of electro to coat separable binders and the same early or subsequently into a bundle of several fibers connect to.

With this electrolysis-like application one becomes useful moderately the fibers at an entry guide point in charge the water bath electrically and then with coat electrically conductive material (such as metal), whereupon in an analogous manner with the curable Material the fiber is coated.

To obtain a cylindrical or pris, for example mat workpiece can be provided be, each with a the inner cross section of the associated workpiece defining fiber plant plate are provided, the mutually aligned, the same shape exhibit.  

If the workpiece is to have a conical shape, the Fiberboard panels are the same shape, but different Have size. Of course, they can also have different shapes if the workpiece is to be constructed accordingly.

After applying the first axial position - before the end harden - can prismatic or round fiber plate slightly twisted with respect to the opposite plate are, in particular by less than 90 °, if a ver rotated arrangement of the reinforcing fibers is advantageous. For Obtaining a ver in the middle of the workpiece recent shape would be a twist of up to 120 ° axial fibers and / or a second radial layer with changing wrap, adapted to the degree of taper tension conceivable.

To achieve special, especially bulbous shapes for the workpiece can reinforce the first, ultimately the layer forming the mandrel is an inner jacket made of gas dense, bendable but not stretchable material, such as Mylar film, which inner jacket is provided in the arranged from the shape of the workpiece cavity is, the inside of the jacket with the help of a gas pressure inside the jacket is stabilized with respect to the outside.

Instead, it can help you to get the bulging shape the centrifugal force of the workpiece can also be used if this workpiece z. B. quickly during curing is rotated.

Such an inner jacket can on its outer surface Strengthening of applied fibers also comb-like guidance wear stripes.

As already mentioned, there can be more on the reinforcing thread Component resin are applied during this thread from  Sled pulled or fed. The one with the Material wetted thread can be hung up under tension become. The suspended threads forming the tube can also by moving the recording facilities be tightened. The live hose can then be brought into a room where the material is brought to hardening, whereby as hardening agent Moisture, ultra violet radiation, infrared radiation or warm air could be used. Can harden over the fabric hose and possibly its tensioning device Heating device are put on, so that during the The hardening process of the hose is pre-stressed, the hose is turned and an inner jacket, if present can be kept under pressure.

During the weaving of the tube, the fabric of the finished hose before curing the material Done parts are sewn or inserted.

The reinforcing thread can be left after leaving a thread supply (for example a thread spool) with its friction in Guiding reducing wetting agent applied as already mentioned. This wetting agent can be designed so that the threads stick together. The curable material can also, either completely or at least partially, after applying the reinforcement fibers are applied to the receptacles. This can be done by Material from the outside, but preferably also after education of a fabric hose on the receiving devices Application to the inner surface of the fabric tube achieved become.

To increase the speed, it is advantageous if the Carriage only carries an eyelet through which one of them Thread supply withdrawn thread is only passed through.  

This makes the sled very light and can be used with move much higher acceleration. The speed speed of the carriage can be so large that storage on an air cushion becomes possible. This air cushion storage will still facilitated by the fact that the carriage movement path is straightforward. To keep the thread within reach of the According to one, it is still possible to bring hooks another embodiment of the method favorable if a second transport route between the slide on the one hand and the hook is provided on the other hand, for example way by means of a thread catcher running belt.

The invention also relates to an arrangement for execution of the process, consisting of two at variable intervals mutually arranged rotary bearings for one rotatable shaft or spindle, each spindle a plate like bracket carries, on or near the back of one Number of hooks at a radial distance from the spindle axis long or close to the circumferential profile of the work to be created Pieces are arranged, and with a sled, the one Output for the reinforcing thread or woven thread and that are guided back and forth on a rail can that the weaving thread can be moved past the hook. According to the plate-like holders each have an interchangeable, to the inner profile of the respective end of the desired, elongated workpiece Plate on the edge of which the weaving threads line up.

According to a development of the invention, the An order at least in a spindle a feed device for air, curable material or the like. For guidance the slide serving rail can at its ends of Pneumatic piston devices, hydraulic piston device, Threaded rod devices or the like. Slidably held to bring them close to the hooks. Still  an embodiment in which close to the rotation is cheaper Storage for the workpiece one between each Pick-up hook and thread arranged on the sledge path acquisition and transport device is provided, which the of the slider eyelet pulls the thread and holds it hook leads. The thread take-up hook and transport block direction can be from a circumferential belt, such as a toothed belt consist of a driving pin or on its outer surface Thread catcher wears which belt like an electric motor by means of a stepping motor, one revolution at a time (or a partial circulation) can be moved per machine cycle, whereby the machine cycle a reciprocation of the carriage includes. The belt can be scanned by a sensor Wear a clear marking for the engine control.

At least one of the pivot bearings can be guided on rails be, these rotary bearings preferably by means of pneu Matic cylinder devices, or by means of a cable move devices with respect to the other pivot bearing is. Of course, both pivot bearings of the have like displacement devices.

Between carriage eye or thread deflection device (or in Area of thread deflection), a wetting device be arranged for the continuous thread. This can come from a liquid bath through which the thread goes is carried out. The sled and / or the thread transfer port device can be a proximity switch or sensor wear that when driving over, for example, by the end of the Carriage triggers the drive of the toothed belt. It can also a microprocessor control for driving sledges, Carriage holder, spindle holder, spindle drive and Gas pressure generating devices and the like are provided his.

The procedure according to the invention and the fiction  moderate device have the advantage that the expensive Her position of the fixed winding mandrel is eliminated, as is that elaborate, often after finishing the fiber application impossible removal of the fixed mandrel, which a production phase is saved. The invention Procedure enables sled speeds of more than 10 m per second between the two cross sections, and it has been shown that within, for example, 5 Minutes a complete hose can be made. Also the manufacture of the profile shape of the hose responsible profile cross sections is very simple because these profile cross sections are simply sawn out and then on the spindle can be attached. Then you can then the fiber towards the workpiece by axial Apply wraps. During this process, the two spindles carrying the profile cross sections synchronously driven and the thread placed with constant tension. By then moving the spindles apart then an additional tension in the resulting hose shaped structures are generated. This enables the axial winding even for long lengths as "winding mandrel" harden.

For particularly complicated shapes, as already mentioned, a way of working is envisaged in which one does not stretchable material, such as mylar film, collapsible form is inserted, which then can also be removed very easily. The material, like Mylar film or fabric is not stretchable, but it is flexible bar and can be tailored and glued. Its use is only required if between the two profile cross cut bulgy or other complicated shapes must be set, and not by centrifugal force effect should be supported.  

The fact that the fibers are on train during curing Keeping it taut results in a favorable approach tension, even with shrinkage of the resin or other binders during the curing process no fiber compression and therefore no irregularity moderate tempering results. By preloading creates a much firmer material, in particular then when the material is near to during curing its breaking strength is pulled apart.

This makes it possible to include air bubbles also reduced so that an optimal product is created. The curing can take place under pressure (for example up to one Pressure of 10 bar) and under heat. On the other hand can also vacuum the material into the ge desired shape are brought, but this is more complex is.

It should also be mentioned that as a curable material or Binder for binding the fibers an organic or inorganic substance can serve only the own Shaft must have on the thread or on the fabric hose can be applied or that this tissue hose can be impregnated with this material. Such Materials can be polymers, or by an elec material that can be applied to the trolysis bath, such as metals and organic resin such as soda water glass and ceramics.

Of course, instead of a sawn-out cross-section an arrangement can be provided that is adjustable Cross-sectional shape allows, though this construction can be relatively complicated. The advantage of this arrangement would be the possibility to use the shape of the cross section for example to be controlled remotely by a microprocessor.

The carriage can be driven with the fiber guide eyelet by means of a toothed belt, which in turn by means of microprocessor-controlled motors can be moved back and forth.  

Is on a slide that can be moved in all directions dispensed with and only in a relatively wide distant path from the largest possible workpiece Extent of diameter is set, running carriage decreased, an endless belt with a hook, Round pin or the like as a carrier of the thread of the Slides are provided to the transducer, as already described.

As the sled drives past the transfer device can then be controlled by the microprocessor and one Sensor the transmitter carried by the circumferential belt pick up the thread and the hook carried by the spindle lead and take up there by the hook.

It should be added that when an inner jacket is featured will see, this is also made of a flexible material can be seen, but only if the shape of the Workpiece has a uniform curvature that with the Fiber tension can be maintained so that the Flexibility of the inner jacket for no unwanted ab yields leads.

According to the inventive method, elongated Workpieces are produced, for example hollow profiles such as pipes, multi-chamber profiles, masts, wings etc., but also Solid profiles, for example T-beams, H-beams, U-beams etc. Furthermore, rotated profiles are conceivable, with for example on propeller blades or other profiles would be thinkable.

As a material for the reinforcing fibers would be, for example Wise carbon fibers conceivable, but also aramid / keflor fibers, each according to the desired application. They allow different ones Relationships between weight and force absorption and are also because of the different costs for the fibers different economically.  

In addition to the mentioned, there is also a curable material Water-based materials, such as water glass, acrylic, also for example epoxy resin, and also vinyl esters and Polyester as well as metals and ceramics as binders of the fiber in question. If the resin or the like. The fiber during Manufacturing process directly after leaving the stock attached coil, this allows a particularly even Applying and introducing the resin into the ent standing tissue. Depending on the manufacturing time for the complete Workpiece that will vary depending on the size to choose the pot life of the resin mixture, that's the time between mixing the two components, for example of the resin and their hardening passes.

The web on which the method according to the invention is based technik uses a web known from image weaving frame, however, to the profile of the desired workpiece is adjusted. The two profile frames are each at the end of the part to be manufactured in a clamping device consolidates. They have sensors (hooks) on their back for the fibers. The number of hooks depends on the ge desired or necessary number of fibers. Initially the fiber is attached to one of the receiving devices couples, which are then twisted, depending on the fiber direction and thickness of the desired material a pickup at the time the fiber runs past the carriage, the fiber after the Pass on their way back where the transducer gets stuck.

By using an inner jacket made of, for example Mylar (or a comparable, bendable, but not stretchable material) that is tailored or glued that the shape of the inner cavity is filled can be Make round and differently shaped parts, with the inside coat can remain part of the shape and by first low air pressure in the tense form and then with full pressure that is still permissible.  

The air supply can expediently through the spindle with an airtight glue on the cross section of the Profile.

To guide the fibers cheaply, if necessary, a comb strip mentioned above can be used on the Tapes is located and can be applied where it proves to be expedient or also necessary. Of the reciprocating carriage that carries the thread runs from one end to the other end while that Workpiece rotates with respect to this carriage until the ge desired order quantity has been reached.

The resin can get into the fiber immediately after leaving the spool be attached. For example, the two components of the Binders are expediently in a cyclone mixer assembled and directly in front of or on the guide nozzle of the Fiber fed. Through this direct feeding the Fiber supple and leaves bends when hanging arise, even with greater strain on the fiber he become sluggish so that it no longer breaks there. Of the Sledges can be used if necessary, already during weaving to give the fiber a pre-tension, which for many applications may suffice. However, it is cheap to finish position of the fiber tube the entire shape post-tensioning, so as to be familiar from prestressed concrete technology To cause pre-tensioning, the resilience of the composite product increased even more. This extra tension will therefore be used during curing until the Resin is completely hard and the assembly is self-supporting becomes.

This additional voltage is preferably very high, as close as possible to the breaking load of all the axial fibers of the workpiece to be manufactured. This extra tension can be generated by a cable or chain winch, or by pneumatic, hydraulic or other suitable Facilities are generated.

It is possible to further increase the resulting laminate  compress, for example, that on the outside a vacuum is applied so that on the inside resulting pressure has an even greater effect on the laminate exercises.

To accelerate curing, or depending on the type of resin To initiate in the first place can be an elevated temperature be necessary, which can be achieved in that a Oven is placed over the workpiece, and depending on the application case and type of resin a desired temperature in the environment of the fiber hose impregnated with resin is produced. Possibly. can also cure at a certain desired Moisture, under ultra violet radiation or else done by infrared light.

The weaving process has the great advantage of being easier Finished parts woven into the fabric during weaving or even before stretching or before resin curing Finished parts can be sewn into the fabric. Here it can be, for example, if it is e.g. B. about sails yacht masts acts as insertion points for the sail rope and meeting or the like.

Brief description of the invention

The invention is illustrated by means of exemplary embodiments explained, which are shown in the drawings.

It shows:

Figures 1, 2 and 3 are each a schematic representation of various stages of the inventive method.

4 shows in a schematic lateral view of a first embodiment of an apparatus suitable for performing the method according to the invention.

. FIG. 5 is a corresponding view to Figure 4 a second embodiment;

FIG. 6 shows a plan view of the device according to FIG. 5;

Fig. 7 is an enlarged view of the right side of Fig. 5;

Fig. 8 is an enlarged partial view of Fig. 6;

FIG. 9A is an enlarged fragmentary view of the left side of Figure 6, for explaining the displacement block by a cable or chain.

Fig. 9B is a block displacement by means of threaded rod; and

Fig. 10 is an illustration of the fiber delivery device.

Best ways of carrying out the invention

Fig. 1 shows a schematic of a first stage of the procedure according to the Invention, in which a fiber or thread 12 consisting of a desired material, such as carbon fiber, aramid / Kevlar fiber or the like, can be drawn off from a fiber supply 10 . The resin, for example epoxy resin, vinyl ester, polyester or otherwise curing material mixture (for example also water-based, such as water glass) is supplied from component containers 14 , 16 to a mixer 18 , such as a cyclone mixer, and from there, for example, directly onto the bobbin 10 leaving thread applied, see arrow 20 . From a plate-like weaving frame 22 , 24 having the shape of the desired profile, receiving devices such as sensors or hooks 26 , 28 are carried, to which the thread or the fiber 12 can be attached or hung. See also FIG. 4, which shows a plate-like receptacle 22 and 24 , which carries such hook-shaped receptacles 26 and 28 on its back, or FIG. 5, where these hook-shaped receptacles 26 , 28 are located a little behind fiber support plates 122 , 124 are arranged, that is, they are not carried by them, but instead directly by a rotatable spindle 158 .

The plate-like cross-sections, which can be seen in FIG. 4, carry the hooks 26 , 28 and the weaving frames 22 , 24 , or the fiber support plates 122 , 124 shown in FIG. 5 are each at the end of the workpiece to be produced, shown as an example in FIG. 2, like Boat mast 30 arranged, see the illustration of FIGS. 2 and 4, the looms 22 , 24 each being displaceable in a clamping device 32 , 34 itself in turn in the direction of the workpiece or insert bearing axis by suitable drive means, see arrows 38 , 40 . The number of hooks or pick-ups 26 , 28 depends on the number of weaving threads or bundles of weaving threads that the hose is to comprise for the workpiece 30 to be manufactured later. The arrangement of the threads 12 can be angularly offset with respect to the axis 36 in order to obtain a certain weaving angle.

While a carriage or shuttle 42 (according to FIG. 4) or 142 (according to FIG. 5) is moved back and forth along a guideway 44 or 144 under drive devices, not shown here, along a movement path which extends beyond the two hooks 26 , 28 , see Fig. 4 and 6, from the dispensing nozzle 46 or by a carried by the carriage 142 guide eyelet 146 through the 10 (or of threads more supply reels 10 along knitted) drawn thread 10 with prior (Fig. 6 rats coil of a pre with With the help of a liquid bath 47 ) or simultaneous application (within the carriage 42 ) z. B. a resin mixture 20 ( Fig. 1) alternately hooked on hooks 26 , 28 of the receiving devices 22 , 24 , as is also shown schematically in Fig. 1. During this process, preferably under the control of a microprocessor 48 , 148 , for example built into a computer or personal computer equipped with a keyboard and screen, the receiving device is correspondingly rotated further to a new pickup or hook in the path of the carriage 42 leading the thread 12th (or 142 , using a thread transmission device 49 to be described later) to position, wherein this rotary movement of the plate 22 , 24 ( 122, 124 ) could take place, for example, by means of a stepping motor 50 , 52 or 150 , 152 , which has a pinion arrangement 54 , 56 according to FIG. 4 could rotate a shaft or spindle 58 carrying the plate 22 or a shaft or spindle 58 rotatably mounted in the clamping device 32 (or 34 ), or also a shaft 158 in each case in direct drive according to FIG. 5.

An inner jacket, for example made of Mylar (or of another, glass-tight fabric material), not shown, could be cut or glued in such a way that it fills the hollow interior of the workpiece formed during weaving, whereby round or otherwise shaped parts can be produced. The inner jacket can be glued gas-tight to the plate 22, for example, and its interior can be connected to a gas pressure connection 60 , 160 via a gas line, which is passed, for example, through the spindle 58 or 158 , which may also be controlled by a pressure source 62 Microprocessor 48 can be placed under a certain internal pressure. The resulting blown-up inner jacket can be provided with comb strips attached to ribbons before the start of weaving, which can later be used to hold the applied threads. The inner pressure of the jacket can later be brought to an even higher pressure during the tensioning process, which will be described later, so as to place the applied weaving tube under a radial pressure from the inside as well. The pressure could be maintained even after the hose was removed and umbilicalised from the pressure source and the gas opening closed, the effect of which could be enhanced by creating a negative pressure around the hose.

With the help of the inner jacket and possibly the fiber guides through the comb-like bands, relatively complicated shapes can be realized for the finished workpiece, which is the great advantage of the method, whereas conventional methods are usually only tailored to a circular cross-section. The distance of the tip 46 from the axis 36 in the embodiment according to FIG. 4 can be adjustable, for example by means of suspensions 66 , 68 arranged at the ends of the rail 44 , for example by means of pneumatic cylinders 62 , 64 .

During the weaving process, certain production parts, such as tabs 70 or the like, can be woven in, which would result in a particularly firm connection. Alternatively, such manufacturing parts could also be sewn with the existing fabric, but before the resin material has hardened, see reference number 72 in FIG. 2.

The workpiece 30 made of fully impregnated tissue, as far as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, can then harden, which hardening process can expediently be accelerated by the action of heat or, depending on the workpiece resin material, can be initiated at all. The curing process can alternatively also be triggered by exposure to moisture, by UV radiation or also by infrared radiation, as will be known to the person skilled in the art.

In order to be able to exert these influences on the impregnated tissue, an oven hood 74 could be placed over the workpiece, the workpiece itself still being able to remain in its clamping device, so that there was the possibility of stretching the material before curing and during the process Hardening process for uniformly bringing the temperature, moisture, UV radiation or infrared radiation with the help of the rotating device of the clamping blocks 32 , 34 to rotate the hose. Usually the available fibers allow breaking loads between 10 kg and 100 kg, so that the stretching force to be applied can become quite high, accordingly the internal tension will then reach these values and thus the load capacity of the workpiece. The oven hood could allow an oven temperature of, for example, 170 ° or even 120 °, depending on the resin system and fiber material. With ceramic material as a binder, the oven hood could also allow temperatures up to 1600 ° C.

The tensile stress applied during curing is shown schematically in FIG. 3 by arrows 76 , 78 .

The embodiment shown in FIG. 4 is particularly suitable for heavier fibers which have to be applied at a relatively slow speed and where there is a risk that, owing to their own weight and due to the loading with resin, they will not tolerate the deflection devices shown in FIG. 4 .

In contrast, the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 is particularly suitable when very thin threads are to be processed at high speed because in the embodiment according to FIG. 5 the carriage 142 has only a very low weight, while in the embodiment according to FIG. 4 the carriage 42 has a relatively large weight because it z. B. also carries the fiber supplies 10 .

The embodiment shown in FIGS . 5 and the following figures is therefore particularly suitable for high manufacturing speeds.

The carriage 142 is shaped so that it travels slowly on its slide bearing formed by the rail 144 , while at high speed it creates an air cushion under it, so that the friction is drastically reduced. In order to achieve the lowest possible weight with high strength for both the carriage 142 and for its drive devices, the carriage 142 itself and the associated toothed belt 145 which drives this carriage are preferably made of material reinforced with carbon fibers. The same applies to the toothed belt pulleys 141 , 143 , around which the endless toothed belt 145 is looped. One of these two toothed belt pulleys 141 , 143 , according to FIG. 6 it is the pulley 143 , is driven back and forth at high speed by means of a drive motor 151 controlled by the microprocessor 148 , so as to move the carriage 142 from one end of its carriage path 144 according to FIG. 6 on the left to the other end of the sled run as shown in FIG. 6 on the right side to ver.

For this purpose, the carriage 142 is coupled to the belt 145 at a suitable point.

The band devices in FIGS. 5 and 6, and winding brackets 132, 134 are based on the one hand with rollers on the upper side of a guide rail 155, on the other hand with rollers 157 on the underside of rail 155, said roller arrangement reflects the fact that the two Winding blocks 132 , 134 are pulled towards one another with high force by the numerous tensioned fibers that make up the workpiece 130 . With the aid of pneumatic devices or by means of a winch, which is explained in more detail in FIG. 9A, the winding blocks 132 , 134 can be pulled away from one another (and possibly moved towards one another). For this purpose, according to FIG. 9A, for example, the winding block 132 is connected at its left end by means of deflection rollers 151 and 161 and to inextensible chains or ropes 152 and 163 , which are redirected near the end of the running rails 155 via further rope rollers or chain rollers 165 and by are guided up to a tensioning device or winch 167 where, for example, the ropes or chains are fastened on the one hand, on the other hand guided around a winch and guided to the second trestle (not shown) and arranged there accordingly. The winch can be driven by a motor 169 , which thus moves both trestles at the same time - towards or away from each other. Alternatively, threaded rods, hydraulic pistons or the like can also be used. B. Fig. 9B, where a trestle 232 is shifted by means of threaded rod 263 (driven by drive 267 ).

This winch 169 , 269 in turn can be controlled by the microprocessor 48 , for example with the aid of sensor devices 233 .

The dispensers 49 already mentioned are fastened to the clamping blocks 132 , 134 , one of which can be seen more clearly in FIG. 7, more precisely in FIG. 10. The dispenser comprises an endless toothed belt 169 which is guided over two deflection rollers 173 , 175 arranged at the ends of a guide rod 171 , and also around a motor toothed pulley 177 of a motor 179 , which is suitably mounted on a bracket 181 rigidly connected to the guide rod 171 which in turn holds the rod 171 in relation to the winding blocks 132 , 134 , as can be seen, for example, in FIG. 7, namely in such a way that the lower end of the deflected, endless belt (see reference number 173 in FIG. 7) is close to that The path of movement of the carriage 142 with the thread 12 carried by this carriage lies while the upper end, reference number 175 , is in the vicinity of the receiving hooks 26 and 28, respectively. The toothed belt 169 has a driver 183 on its outside, for example in the simple form of a pin, which rotates with the belt 169 when the motor 179 is actuated and therefore when the carriage 142 moves from left to right as shown in FIG. the yarn is), viewed in FIG. 7 at the point 173 of the Fadenübertragungsein direction passed 49, 12 so reaches the vicinity of the belt 169, the pin 183 or the carrier correspondingly shaped, for example, hook-shaped 183 in an upward movement of the thread 12 takes it in the upward direction in order to release it there, possibly supported by appropriate stripping devices, whereupon the thread then reaches the hook 28 that is currently in progress. Instead of the belt with hook, the transfer of the fiber from the carriage to the spindle hook z. B. by means of a rod construction, at the end of which a barb takes up the fiber and releases it to the spindle hook by means of a corresponding lever linkage.

The movement of this toothed belt 169 can also be controlled in a suitable manner by the microprocessor, whereby an optical sensor device 185 could be provided which indicates a corresponding marking on the toothed belt 169 , for example a white color 187 in the area of the driver device 183 , to the microprocessor whether the driver 183 has reached a certain position. Naturally, it is expedient to synchronize the movement of the carriage 12 with that of the belt 169 , which in turn can be carried out by the microprocessor without major problems.

FIG. 7 also shows that the catch hooks 28 can be mounted directly on a drive shaft 158 , from which a quick mounting device 189 for cross-sectional profiles 124 which can be exchanged as desired could then be used. In this way, the desired cross section 124 , which according to FIG. 7 can also be arranged asymmetrically with respect to the axis 36 of the tensioning device 134 , can be easily exchanged. Alternatively, instead of interchangeable cross-sections, variable cross-sections that can be set in themselves can be provided, which is particularly expedient if often repeated shapes are to be provided.

Furthermore, an adjustable nozzle 191 is provided at the end of the shaft 158 or the quick mounting device 189 , which can also be part of this quick mounting device, which nozzle 191 is suitable for either blowing compressed air into a flexible inner shape in the manner already described, or else alternatively, it is also possible to spray or inject resin into the interior of the fabric hose 130 . In this way, it is easy to soak or line a still unsoaked or insufficiently soaked fabric hose 130 from the inside with hardenable material. Alternatively, compressed air for cleaning and also for inflating an auxiliary mold can be carried out through this nozzle 191 , compressed air or resin to be supplied being able to be passed through a corresponding bore in the spindle 158 , for example via a rotatable and pluggable connection 193 which is connected to a flexible line 195 could be connected to, for example, compressed air generating devices or resin storage containers accommodated in the winding trestles 132 , 134 . Under the control of, for example, the microprocessor, the required amount of compressed air or resin can therefore be transported from this supply into the interior of the workpiece and sprayed there in a simple manner.

Fig. 8 shows even more clearly the arrangement shown in Fig. 5 and 6 for the delivery of the thread 12 , consisting here of z. B. three supply rolls, the threads of which are guided to a guide roller 197 , which is held below the level of an impregnating bath 47 , which contains a wetting liquid or the like. From there, the thread or the multiple threads run together to a calibration device 199 , where an adjustable amount of wetting agent, curable material, or the like per thread length is applied to the thread 12 as it exits the arrangement by means of roller-shaped rollers and stripping devices . The arrangement can also be designed so that an electrolytic coating takes place.

The whole in Fig. 8 with the reference numeral 200 and drinking apparatus with soaking bath 47 can also be coupled to the carriage 142 at point 201 , namely when the workpiece 30 is to be wound with a large amount of fiber or with a fiber mat , because in this case it is expedient to guide the amount of fiber or fiber mat band drawn from the device 200 as perpendicular as possible to the axis of the workpiece 30 , so that it is favorable if the arrangement 200 moves simultaneously with the carriage 142 .

The calibration device 199 not only allows an exact metering of the amount of resin, but also an adjustment of the tension with which the fiber is drawn off.

Commercial evaluability

The process is e.g. B. commercially exploitable in boat building.

Claims (43)

1. A method for producing an elongated workpiece from fiber-reinforced curable material, such as synthetic resin, with the process steps

• a) arranging rotatable and displaceable along the axis of rotation receiving means for reinforcing fiber of the ends of the elongated workpiece to be produced;
• b) arranging a carriage which can be moved between the receiving devices and from which the reinforcing fibers can be applied to the receiving devices,
• c) axial and radial application of reinforcing fibers running between the receiving devices and impregnation thereof with the curable material for producing a fabric tube soaked with the material,
• d) curing of the material, characterized in that by axially applying and tensioning at least a first axial layer of fibers (if necessary, supplemented by a subsequent bringing on a radial, second layer of fibers) one of the desired shape of the workpiece corresponding with curable material impregnated fabric hose arises, which after hardening serves as a winding mandrel for further fiber layers.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing fiber (or Fiber strand) with the curable material or its components (such as binders and / or hardeners) is wetted. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the reinforcing fiber (or fiber strand) only so far wetted or the wetting subsequently by Ab grazing devices is reduced again so far that  they essentially only to reduce friction serves when applying the reinforcing fibers. 4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized records that wetting in a first soaking bath which is the curable material or one contains its components, possibly subsequently in one (or more) further water bath with other compo nenten. 5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that a reinforcing fiber or a reinforcing fiber bundle in a first, and at least one more amplifier kungsfaser or another reinforcing fiber bundle in another soaking bath is wetted, and then the several fibers or fiber bundles before or during the Applying be united with each other. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that fibers to be applied through an electrolysis bath are drawn to this by means of electrolysis to coat separable binders and the same early or subsequently the fibers into a bundle to connect multiple fibers, or that the finished woven fiber workpiece in an electrolysis bath immersed and rotated there if necessary to the work piece of material to coat and a fiber to produce a composite. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the reinforcing fiber at a guide point Entry into the electrolysis bath on an electric Bring potential and then with electrical conductive material (such as metal, curable material and the like), optionally in several stages, coated becomes.   8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that to obtain a cylindrical or prismatic Workpiece the receiving devices each with one the inner cross section of the associated workpiece end defining reinforcing fiber plant plate the same, aligned shape exhibit. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that to obtain a conical shape of the workpiece Fiberboard panels of the same shape but different Have size. 10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized records that the fiber plant panels have uneven shape to have. 11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after the application of the first axial position - before the Hardening - which, for example, prismatic or round fiber plant boards twisted against each other become. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that to obtain a middle of the langge stretched workpiece tapered shape Twist of up to 120 ° of the axial fiber to each other takes place, and / or a second radial position with wech changing wrap adapted to the degree of rejuvenation voltage is applied. 13. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that to obtain special, especially bulbous Molds for the workpiece to reinforce the first, ultimately an inner layer forming the mandrel jacket made of gas-tight, bendable but not stretchable Material, such as Mylar film, in which the shape of the Workpiece formed cavity arranged and that  Inside the jacket with the help of a gas overpressure in the jacket interior is stabilized with respect to the exterior. 14. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the workpiece to obtain bulging shapes is rotated quickly to achieve centrifugal force. 15, Method according to claim 13, characterized in that on the outer surface of the inner jacket to define applied fibers comb-like guide strips be applied. 16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized characterized in that on the reinforcing fibers Multi-component resin is applied while the Fibers drawn off or fed to the carriage become. 17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that the reinforcement wetted with the hardenable material Kung fibers are applied under tension. 18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that the applied reinforcement forming the tube fibers by moving the receiving devices be tightened. 19. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized characterized that the live Hose is placed in an environment where the hardenable material is brought to harden. 20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that the curing agent moisture, ultraviolet radiation, Is infrared radiation or warm air. 21. The method according to claim 19 or 20, characterized records that for curing the curable material  over the fabric hose and, if necessary, over its instep device is put on a heating device and that during the curing process the hose under Bias is held, the hose rotated and on If applicable, the inner jacket is kept under excess pressure becomes. 22. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized characterized in that during the weaving of the hose Finished parts are introduced into the tissue, or that into the fabric of the finished tube before curing of the curable material finished parts sewn become. 23. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized characterized in that the fibers after leaving a Fiber supply with a wetting agent be, which allows the fibers to stick together. 24. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 23, characterized characterized in that the curable material after the Applying the fibers to the receiving devices is applied. 25. The method according to claim 23 or 24, characterized, characterized records that after the application of the fibers on the Receiving devices for the formation of a tissue hose curable material on the inner surface and / or the outer surface of the fabric tube opened is brought. 26. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sled only has an eyelet through which removed fibers passed through a fiber supply become.   27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that the sled is stored on an air cushion. 28. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sled also the fiber supply and, if necessary, treatment processing devices for the fibers. 29. Arrangement for carrying out the method according to claim 1, consisting of two rotary bearings ( 32 , 34 ) arranged at a variable distance from one another, each for a rotatable shaft or spindle ( 58 ), each spindle ( 58 ) having a plate-like holder ( 22 , 24 ) carries, on or near the back of which a number of hooks ( 26 , 28 ) are arranged at a radial distance from the spindle axis along or near the circumferential profile of the workpiece ( 30 ) to be formed, and with a carriage ( 42 ) which has an output ( 46 ) for the weaving thread or the weaving fibers ( 12 ) and which can be guided back and forth on a rail ( 44 ) in such a way that the weaving thread can be guided past the hooks ( 26 , 28 ), characterized in that the plate-like holders have a has exchangeable plate, which can be adapted to the inner profile of the respective end of the desired elongated workpiece, on the edge of which the weaving threads lie. 30. The arrangement according to claim 29, characterized in that a feed device for air, curable material or the like. ( 60, 62 ) is provided in at least one spindle ( 58 ). 31. Arrangement according to claim 29 or 30, characterized in that the rail ( 44 ), at its ends ( 66 , 68 ) of hydraulic or pneumatic piston devices ( 62 , 64 ) or other mechanical devices is slidably held. 32. Arrangement according to claim 29 to 31, characterized records that one near the pivot bearings between the hooks and the sledge path arranged thread take-up and transport device are provided, which is pulled by the carriage eyelet Thread takes hold and leads to the hook. 33. Arrangement according to claim 32, characterized in that the thread take-up and transport device from one circumferential belt, such as toothed belt, is made of a take along its outer surface, like take-away pins or thread catcher, which is wrapped around the belt electromotive, like using a stepper motor one circulation (or partial circulation) per machine cycle is movable, the machine cycle being off there is a reciprocation of the carriage. 34. Arrangement according to claim 33, characterized in that the circumferential belt can be scanned by a sensor Marks for controlling the belt drive. 35. Arrangement according to claim 32, characterized in that a linkage is provided which has a barb at one end for picking up the thread and for dispensing releases the spindle hook. 36. Arrangement according to one of claims 29 to 35, characterized characterized in that between the sled eye and thread stock a thread deflection and tightening device is provided. 37, Arrangement according to claim 36, characterized in that between carriage eyelet or thread deflection device (or in the area of thread deflection) a wetting device arranged for the continuous thread is.   38. Arrangement according to claim 37, characterized in that the wetting device is a liquid bath, through which the thread is passed. 39. Arrangement according to one of claims 33 to 38, characterized characterized in that the carriage and / or the thread receiving and transport device an approximation Wear the switch or sensor which is used when driving over the End of the transport device through the carriage Belt drive triggers. 40. Arrangement according to claim 25 to 39, characterized records that at least one of the pivot bearings Rails is guided and that this pivot bearing means hydraulic, pneumatic or other mecha African facilities or by means of cable pulling devices can be moved. 41. Arrangement according to one of claims 29 to 40, characterized in that a microprocessor control ( 48 ) for driving sledges ( 42 ), sled holder stanchions ( 62 , 64 ), spindle holders ( 32 , 34 ), spindle drive ( 50 , 52 ), Gas pressure generating device ( 62 ), material application devices and the like. Is provided, as well as for other variables which are linked to one another in a specific relationship. 42. Arrangement according to claim 41, characterized in that the microprocessor control with the help of a program expires automatically. 43. Arrangement according to one of claims 41 to 42, characterized in that a drum ( 167 ) arranged between the winding blocks is provided in such a way that it allows both the winding blocks to be displaced towards and away from one another, and that a sensor ( 233 ) or Incremental encoder or the like. Is arranged between the drum and the microprocessor, which controls the tensioning after the production of the fiber tube for the workpiece.