DE4114076A1 - Solar heating with water-filled main energy storage - comprises insulated flexible sleeve inside insulated wooden tank and coupled to solar collectors and other storage containers - Google Patents

Abstract

The solar heating system has a water-filled main energy storage. This is charged with thermal energy by means of solar collectros to supply heat and hot water for domestic purposes. The main storage (1) is in the form of a flexible sleeve (2) and is located inside an open top rigid tank (3). There is an opening in the tip of the sleeve (2) which is closed by a rigid plate (8). All the pipes from the collectors (14) and to the domestic hot water storage (15), and to the buffer storage (16), as well as the thermostat and regulator, enter the sleeve (2) through this plate (8). The tank (3) is of wood and the space between the sleeve (2) and the tank (3) is filled with pressure resistant insulation (4), and the space between the tank (3) and surrounding brickworks (6) and the gound (7) is filled with granular insulation. USE/ADVANTAGE - Solar heating system requires little transporting and installation costs.

Description

The invention relates to a solar heater with water Main energy storage for long-term storage heat energy for the whole "cold season" if possible.

Although proportionate for long-term heat storage Large stores are needed when water is used as a store medium is used, they have compared to so-called Latent heat storage has some advantages. Latent heat storage Use the heat of fusion of certain salts and have the same at chem storage volume 4 to 6 times the storage capacity than water. But you can practically only when converting temperature of the filling compound from solid to liquid Physical state and vice versa can be used, for example wise at 80 ° C. Below this temperature they can not be "loaded" by solar panels. A water however, storage can be in late winter or early spring, when the temperature of the water is already around 40 ° has dropped to 50 ° C by the solar panels again Be "loaded" when the temperature of the heat transfer fluids liquid in the solar collector only reaches values that are around 5 ° is up to 10 ° C above the water temperature in the storage tank. The price also speaks for the water storage.

In the past, economically uninteresting large amounts of water were expected for long-term storage. Already in 1974, the "Technical University of Denmark" built a "0-energy house", which has a main energy store with "only" 30 m ^{3 of} water. (Report volume of the conference: "Heating with sun" from February 23/24, 1976 in Göttingen, DGS = German Society for Solar Energy eV Munich, pages 175 to 196,) The magazine "natur" published in February 1991, pages 64 and 65 , a report on a "0-energy house" built in northern Germany with a main energy store in the form of a water tank of only 10 m ³ content.

Both houses have adapted to the Northern European climate extremely complex thermal insulation and an expensive heat return extraction from the exhaust air of the room ventilation and from the waste water ser. They are essentially research objects.  

Interesting without excessive effort for thermal insulation and heat recovery could be a solar heater to be in southern European countries, where in many cases no ne space heating exists or only an "emergency heating" with Electric ovens or gas ovens. Electric ovens consume one very expensive form of energy, gas stoves often discharge the "exhaust gas" into the indoor air, which deteriorates considerably because Becomes less oxygen. In all countries of southern Europe, from East to West viewed from Greece to Portugal, there are now a large number of holiday homes from Northern Europeans, who are often empty unheated in winter, thereby becoming damp and musty and through in the moisture growing, mostly invisible molds health become dangerous (triggering allergies).

The invention is for houses in these southern regions thought. The much lower compared to Northern Europe Amount of thermal energy required for heating in the "cold Season "can also be gained by solar energy and without excessive effort in main energy stores stored with water filling.

However, if no excessive expenditure on heat insulation and heat recovery is to be carried out, very well insulated containers with 10 to 15 m ³ water content are also required as year-round storage. The metal tanks used up to now require very high transport and assembly costs, especially in remote areas with holiday homes. Another disadvantage of the previously common technology is the "destruction" of excess energy when a very long and extensive sunshine period occurs in summer and the maximum temperature in the water reservoir is sufficient. In general, hot water is then simply drained into the sewage system, and cold water is subsequently fed into the system, particularly in the case of industrial water systems with solar collectors which are already in use in many places. This waste of water cannot be held responsible, even if the thermal energy wasted is "free".

The object of the invention is as simple as possible Chen solar heating system with large volume water-filled Main energy storage, the low transport and installation costs caused and in a transfer of the "excess Energy "with" loaded "main storage and additional suns irradiation without water loss.

These objects are achieved by the invention according to the description Exercise of the characterizing parts of the claims solved. The advantages of the invention lie essentially in the Solution of the tasks. A flexible shell as Water storage can be folded up easily and inexpensively be transported. The assembly of the same in a form rigid tub by inflating it with air before filling with water is simple and inexpensive. The production the rigid tub in which the flexible cover is inserted is for example as a wooden box or box made of woodwork fabric panels (chipboard or fiberboard) with outside Stiffening by squared timbers can also develop in less countries are carried out by construction workers. The Main storage tank is pushed to the limit of water evaporation charged by solar panels when Steam is generated, it flows over a steam dome and one Pipe socket in a balloon-like, possibly also flexible loading container above the isolated main memory. That balloon is not isolated, it can be caused by the vapor pressure fill and expand and especially at night the Steam condense back into water in the main memory can be recycled. Even the regulation of Hot water preparation in a separate hot water tank cher is easy. When the temperature in the main dish has dropped The process water is only made more secure by solar collectors heated directly.

A stiff "lid" e.g. B. made of metal with a flange Water or steam proof with a larger opening in the top Area of the flexible shell of the water reservoir connected is a compact, easily transportable element, even if all pipe bushings on it, a support that stands on the bottom of the shell, a steam dome and, if or helically arranged heat exchanger around the support  attached or before connecting to the flexible sleeve be attached to it. It is also the optional arrangement of direct water circuits from the heat accumulator the solar collectors and the (coil) heat exchangers in the domestic hot water tank and possibly the buffer tank for the Heating or indirect circuits of a heat transfer medium liquid (e.g. a water-glycol mixture) over heat exchanger also in the main memory, in the flexible sleeve of the same, possible. These consistently known details are not Subject of the invention, depending on the local Ge conditions (e.g. occasional risk of night frost or severe calcareous water in the main storage) optimally configured will.

In the following the invention is based on an embodiment explained with a schematic figure. The invention be However, this is not limited to the example shown.

The main memory 1 is designed as a flexible shell 2 .

The flexible sheath 2 can consist of a multi-layer fabric soaked and coated with a water and temperature resistant elastomer. The flexible sheath 2 is in a rigid, thermally-insulated trough 3 the rigid Wan ne 3 can be used as simple wooden box with the inside side Planks- or plate lining (. As chipboard or fibreboard z) be formed. Between the shell 2 and the tub 3 can withstand the water pressure insulating plates 4 , z. B. made of rigid plastic foam or mineral wool. Outside the tub 3 , further insulation from ge suitable bulk material, for. B. cork granules, coarse granules of expanded clay, pumice or vermiculite or the like in the space 5 between the surrounding masonry 6 and the ground 7 or the walls and the bottom of an earth pit. The inner walls of the masonry 6 and the floor 7 or a corresponding earth pit are expediently well insulated against ingress of moisture through plastic films or suitable coatings.

The flexible casing 2 has a larger opening at the top, which is closed with a rigid device 8 in a water-tight and possibly steam-tight manner. In the example of the figure, this is a flange that is open on the inside or a plate that is perforated within the sealing and fastening flange. The device 8 is supported on the bottom of the casing 2 with the support 9 , expediently with a pressure distribution plate 10 . Over the device 8 , a steam dome 11 is placed, which is connected to the interior of the shell 2 via openings in the device 8 . At the top of the steam dome 11 , a pipe socket 12 is attached, which is connected to a balloon 13 in the operating state. The balloon 13 , e.g. B. also designed as a flexible sleeve is not insulated. Ev. escaping steam therefore condenses in it and can be fed back into the main store 1 via known facilities (pipes, pumps,...). (Condensate return not shown). A safety valve, not shown, which opens when the balloon 13 is under pressure, can of course also be installed.

When installing the casing 2 in the tub 3 , a blower is connected to the pipe socket 12 , which inflates the casing 2 approximately like an air-filled hall, so that the casing 2 fits well against the inner walls of the tub 3 or the insulating plates 4 . Only then is the water poured in.

All pipelines to the solar panels 14 , the custom water storage 15 and the buffer storage 16 for the Heizan location are passed through the steam dome 11 and the device 8 into the interior of the main storage 1 in the form of the shell 2nd In these pipelines between main storage 1 and solar panels 14 , hot water storage 15 and buffer storage 16 , circulation pumps 17 are installed in a known manner. Between the main memory 1 and the solar collectors 14 , the circulation pump 17 is switched on when the temperature in the solar collector is higher than in the main memory. Between the main storage tank 1 and the hot water tank 15 , the circulation pump 17 is switched on, for example, when the temperature in the hot water has dropped below 60 °. Is z. B. towards the end of the "kal th season", the temperature in the main storage dropped below 60 °, the circulation pump 19 is switched on when heat is required in the domestic hot water tank 15 via a control system 18 and the domestic water tank 15 is heated directly by solar panels 14 . The necessary temperature sensors from the control system 18 to the main storage 1 and the hot water storage 15 are not shown.

In order to simplify the space heating control, a heater with a low flow temperature can be provided from the start, which is maintained in a buffer memory 16 by the control system 20 .

Claims (7)

1. Solar heating with water-filled main energy storage, in which the main storage is loaded with thermal energy by means of solar collectors, which is removed from the main storage when heating is required to a heating system and a domestic hot water storage tank, characterized in that the main storage ( 1 ) as a flexible envelope ( 2 ) is formed, which is inserted into a rigid trough ( 3 ) which is open at least during assembly, the shell ( 2 ) has a larger opening in the upper region, which is closed with a rigid device ( 8 ) and through which all pipelines to the solar collectors ( 14 ) and the heat consumers such as the hot water tank ( 15 ) and the buffer tank ( 16 ) as well as lines for thermostats or control devices are led out. 2. Solar heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the rigid tub ( 3 ) is designed as a wooden box, between the tub ( 3 ) and the shell ( 2 ) a sufficiently pressure-resistant insulating material ( 4 ) and between the tub ( 3 ) and the surrounding masonry ( 6 ) and the ground ( 7 ) or a corre sponding pit in the space ( 5 ) granular or granular insulating material is filled. 3. Solar heater according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the sheath ( 2 ) closing ß device ( 8 ) has an additional pipe socket ( 12 ) which is connected during assembly with a blower that the sheath ( 2 ) inflate with air before filling with water. 4. Solar heater according to claim 3, characterized in that the pipe socket ( 12 ) or a corresponding pipe socket in the operating state is provided in the event of overheating of the main memory ( 1 ) for discharging steam or superheated air. 5. Solar heating according to claim 4, characterized in that the pipe socket ( 12 ) or a corresponding pipe socket in the operating state opens into a non-insulated balloon ( 13 ) which is provided with a device for recycling condensed water into the main memory ( 1 ) . 6. Solar heater according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the device ( 8 ) for closing the shell ( 2 ) as a kind of steam dome ( 11 ) is formed, which is inside the shell ( 2 ) with a support ( 9 ) supported on the ground. 7. Solar heating according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a control system ( 18 ) maintains the temperature in the domestic hot water tank up to a maximum between 50 and 60 ° heated by a circulating pump ( 17 ) from the main memory ( 1 ), while at a If the temperature in the main store ( 1 ) falls below this value, the control system ( 18 ) switches on a circulation pump ( 19 ) when the hot water tank ( 15 ) requires heat, which heats the hot water tank ( 15 ) directly through the solar collectors ( 14 ) while the heat consumers the heating system are supplied by a buffer store ( 16 ), which is kept at a temperature customary in low-temperature heating systems via a control system ( 20 ) heated by the main store ( 1 ).