DE4010876A1 - AQUEOUS SURFACE BLENDS WITH GOOD SKIN TOLERABILITY - Google Patents

Abstract

Aqueous tenside mixtures containing: A) a sulphation product of an alkyl or alkenyl glycoside; B) amphoteric or hybrid-ionic tensides; and possibly C) other tensides; are suitable for the production of cosmetic cleaning and care agents which are skin-compatible.

Description

The invention relates to aqueous surfactant mixtures with good Skin tolerance, containing sulfation products of alkyl and alkenyl glycosides, amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants and if appropriate, further surfactants and their use in the preparation of cosmetic cleaning and care products.

To agents and preparations for cleaning or maintaining Body and hair, there are high demands on the foam and cleansing ability as well as skin compatibility. To improve the foaming and cleaning ability, surface-active Fabrics, especially anionic surfactants such. B. alkyl sulfates or alkyl ether sulfates can be used. For a number of application areas is the skin tolerance of these substances but not yet sufficient.

It is known that the skin compatibility of anionic surfactants can be improved by using amphoteric or zwitterionic Combined surfactants. In many cases, however, it is for such Mixtures only observed sufficient skin tolerance, if the proportion of amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants is more than 25% by weight of the mixtures. Furthermore leads the mixing of anionic with amphoteric or zwitterionic Surfactants often decrease foaming power.  

It is also known that the skin tolerance of Anionic surfactants can be improved if they are in the form of their magnesium salts uses (Physician. Cosmetol., 19, 208 [1989]). Because of her mostly low water solubility is the use of Anionic surfactant magnesium salts for the manufacture of aqueous products only limited possible.

Another way to improve skin tolerance Finally, anionic surfactants consist of them with protein breakdown products to combine (soap-oil-fat-waxes, 108, 177 [1982]). However, such protein hydrolyzates have none surface-active properties and usually also lead to a deterioration in foaming power.

The object of the invention was therefore to provide aqueous surfactant mixtures to develop that have a high foaming and cleaning ability and have good skin tolerance and free of the disadvantages described.

The invention relates to aqueous surfactant mixtures with good Skin tolerance, as surfactant components

• A) a sulfation product of an alkyl or alkenyl glycoside of the formula (I) R¹-O- (G) _p (I) in which G represents a symbol for a glycose unit which is derived from a sugar having 5 or 6 carbon atoms, p represents a number between 1 and 10 and R 1 represents an alkyl or alkenyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms,
• B) an amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of
  • B1) alkyl betaines,
  • B2) alkylamido betaines,
  • B3) Imidazolinium betaines and
  • B4) sulfobetaines
• is formed and
• C) optionally a further surfactant selected from the group consisting of
  • C1) alkyl sulfates,
  • C2) alkyl ether sulfates,
  • C3) hydroxy mixed ether sulfates,
  • C4) alpha-olefin sulfonates,
  • C5) secondary alkanesulfonates,
  • C6) internal alkyl ether sulfonates,
  • C7) ether carboxylic acids,
  • C8) isethionates,
  • C9) Taurids,
  • C10) sarcosides,
  • C11) fatty alcohol (ether) citrates and
  • C12) fatty alcohol (ether) tartrates
  • C13) sulfosuccinic acid esters
  • C14) sulfo fatty acids
• is formed

contain.

Surprisingly, it was found that with aqueous surfactant mixtures of the type mentioned a synergistic increase in Foaming power occurs. The invention also includes the finding a that the aqueous surfactant mixtures according to the invention have good skin tolerance.

Mixture component A) is such a sulfation product of alkyl or alkenyl glycosides in which derives the glycose unit G in formula (I) from aldoses or ketoses. Are preferred because of better responsiveness the reducing saccharides that Aldosen uses. Among the Aldosen comes because of their easy accessibility and technical availability, especially glucose. Sulfation products are therefore preferred as mixture component A) of alkyl or alkenyl glucosides.

The index number p in formula (I) indicates the degree of oligomerization, i.e. H. the distribution of mono- and oligoglycosides and stands for a number between 1 and 10. While p in a given connection must always be an integer, especially the values p = 1 can assume up to 6, the value p is for a certain alkyl glycoside an analytically calculated quantity, most of the time represents a fractional number. Alkyl glycosides are preferred with an average degree of oligomerization p from 1.1 to 3.0. Those alkyl glycosides whose Degree of oligomerization is less than 1.5 and in particular between 1.1 and 1.4.

The radical R 1 is derived from primary alcohols with 6 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and 0 or 1 double bonds from. Typical examples are capronic alcohol, caprylic alcohol, capric alcohol,  Lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, palmitoleyl alcohol, Stearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, elaidyl alcohol, petroselinyl alcohol, Behenyl alcohol and erucyl alcohol.

As is common in fat chemistry, these alcohols can also be used as Technical mixtures are present, such as. B. by high pressure hydrogenation of fatty acid methyl ester fractions based on natural Fats and oils or by reducing aldehyde cuts are accessible from Roelen's oxosynthesis. Preferably however, the rest of R¹ is derived from a coconut alcohol with 12 to 18, in particular 12 to 14 carbon atoms.

The sulfation of the alkyl glycosides can be carried out according to the teachings of the European Patent application EP-A-01 86 242 and the international Patent application WO 88/1640 by reaction with gaseous Sulfur trioxide in dimethylformamide, dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran or other inert solvents and subsequent neutralization done with aqueous bases.

Another method of making sulfation products of alkyl glycosides is alkyl glycosides with fatty alcohols or to mix fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers and together with to implement gaseous sulfur trioxide. In this case, surfactant mixtures obtained, the sulfates of the alkyl glycoside and fatty alcohol or contain fatty alcohol polyglycol ether.

The preparation of such mixtures of alkyl glycoside and fatty alcohol or fatty alcohol polyglycol ether for the common sulfation can be done mechanically by stirring the individual substances done in the warmth. A particularly preferred method exists however, in technical mixtures of alkyl glycoside and  Fatty alcohol in a ratio of 10:90 to 30:70 in the sulfation use as they are in the technical production of alkyl glycosides arise as intermediates. That way the step of isolating the pure alkyl glycoside in whole or in part be saved, otherwise because of the distillative Removal of excess fatty alcohol with additional energy expenditure connected is.

The invention includes the knowledge that surfactant mixtures, by the common sulfation of alkyl glycosides and fatty alcohols or fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers can be obtained, in combination a particularly advantageous one with amphoteric surfactants Show foaming power with good skin tolerance.

The surfactants used as mixture components B and C are known substances, which according to the common methods of organic Chemistry can be obtained. Process for their production are - unless otherwise stated - for example in J. Falbe, U. Hasserodt (ed.), "Catalysts, surfactants, mineral oil additives", Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1978 or J. Falbe (ed.), "Surfactants in Consumer Products", Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1986.

As mixture component B1), alkyl betaines come into consideration which follow formula (II),

in which R², R³ and R⁴ are independently hydrogen, linear or shown aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals with 1 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds and x for are integers from 1 to 10. Preferably R² is one Alkyl radical with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, R³ and R⁴ for hydrogen or a methyl group, and x for 1 or 2.

Alkylamidobetaines are suitable as component B2) which follow the formula (III),

in the R⁵-CO for an aliphatic acyl radical with 8 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds and y and z for are integers from 1 to 10. R⁵-CO is preferably derived from the coconut or tallow fatty acid, while y for 2 or 3 and z stands for 1 or 2.

Imidazolinium betaines are suitable as component B3) which follow the formula (IV),

in the R⁶ for an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical with 5 to 21 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, R⁷ for Hydrogen or one optionally substituted with hydroxyl groups  Alkyl radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms and z for whole Numbers from 1 to 10 stands. R⁶ is preferably an alkyl or alkenyl radical having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, R⁷ for a hydroxyethyl radical and z for 1 or 2.

Suitable mixture components B4) are sulfobetaines which follow the formula (V),

in the R⁸ for an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical with 8 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds and q for Numbers from 1 to 10 stands. R⁸ is preferably an alkyl or alkenyl radical having 12 to 18 carbon atoms and q for 1.

As the mixture component C1), alkyl sulfates are suitable follow formula (VI),

R⁹-O-SO₃X (VI)

in the R⁹ for a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical with 8 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds and X for hydrogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, Aluminum, an ammonium, alkylammonium or alkanolammonium group stands. R⁹ is preferably an alkyl radical with 12 to 18 carbon atoms.

Alkyl ether sulfates are suitable as component C2), which follow the formula (VII),

R¹⁰- [OC _n H _2n O] _m -O-SO₃X (VII)

in the R¹⁰ for a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical with 8 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, n for 2 or 3, m for a number from 1 to 20 and X for hydrogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, aluminum, an ammonium, alkylammonium or alkanolammonium group stands. R¹⁰ is preferably an alkyl radical having 12 to 18 Carbon atoms, n for 2 and m for numbers from 2 to 5. Aqueous Surfactant mixtures in the sense of the invention, the particularly advantageous have application properties, are obtained when talking about alkyl ether sulfates with a narrow homolog distribution going out.

Hydroxy mixed ether sulfates come in as mixture component C3) Consideration that follow the formula (VIII)

in which R¹¹ is an alkyl radical having 6 to 16 carbon atoms, R¹² for an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, n for 2 or 3, m for numbers from 1 to 10 and X for hydrogen, an alkali or Alkaline earth metal, aluminum, an ammonium, alkylammonium or Alkanolammonium group stands. Preferably R¹¹ is one Alkyl radical with 8 to 10 carbon atoms, R¹² for a butyl radical, n for 2 and m for numbers from 2 to 5. The preparation of the hydroxy mixed ether sulfates is in German patent application DE-A-37 23 354 described.  

Alpha-olefin sulfonates come into consideration as component C4), which follow one of the formulas (IX) or (X),

in the R¹³ for an alkyl radical having 6 to 20 carbon atoms and X for hydrogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, aluminum, Ammonium, alkylammonium or alkanolammonium group. Preferably R¹³ represents an alkyl radical having 12 to 18 carbon atoms. The alpha-olefin sulfonates can be used as hydroxysulfonates according to formula (IX) and (X) or in a mixture with the corresponding Alkene sulfonates are present, the composition of which formulas (IX) and (X) formally by splitting off 1 mol Water results.

Secondary alkanesulfonates come in as mixture component C5) Consideration that follow the formula (XI),

in which R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ independently of one another for alkyl radicals with 1 to 20, in total 7 to 21 carbon atoms and X for hydrogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, aluminum, an ammonium, alkylammonium or alkanolammonium group. Preferably stand R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ for alkyl radicals with a total of 12 to 18 carbon atoms.  

Internal alkyl ether sulfonates come as mixture component C6) which follow one of the formulas (XII) or (XIII),

in the s for 1 or 2, r and t for numbers from 1 to 17, the sum from s, r and t for numbers from 13 to 19, n for 2 or 3, m for Numbers from 1 to 10 and X for hydrogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, Aluminum, an ammonium, alkylammonium or alkanolammonium group stands. The alkyl ether sulfonates preferably contain in the carbon chain 16 to 18 carbon atoms. The internal Alkyl ether sulfonates can be used as hydroxysulfonates according to formula (XII) and (XIII) or in a mixture with the corresponding Alkene sulfonates are present, the composition of which formulas (XII) and (XIII) formally by splitting off 1 mol Water results. The manufacture of the substances is in German Patent application DE-A-37 25 030 described.

Suitable mixture components C7) are ether carboxylic acids, which follow the formula (XIV),

R¹⁶- [OC _n H _2n ] _m -O-CH₂-COOX (XIV)

in the R¹⁶ for an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, n for 2 or 3. m for numbers from 1 to 10 and X for hydrogen, an alkali  or alkaline earth metal, aluminum, an ammonium, alkylammonium or alkanolammonium group. Preferably R¹⁶ is an alkyl radical with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, n for 2 and m for Numbers from 2 to 5.

Possible mixture components C8) are isethionates which follow formula (XV),

in the R¹⁷ for an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds and X for Hydrogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, aluminum, an ammonium, Alkylammonium- or Alkanolammoniumgruppe stands. Preferably R¹⁷ represents an alkyl radical having 12 to 18 carbon atoms.

As mixture component C9) taurides come into consideration, the Follow formula (XVI),

in the R¹⁸ for an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds and X for Hydrogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, aluminum, an ammonium, Alkylammonium- or Alkanolammoniumgruppe stands. Preferably R¹⁸ represents an alkyl radical having 12 to 18 carbon atoms.  

As mixture component C10) sarcosides come into consideration, the Follow formula (XVII),

in the R¹⁹ for an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds and X for Hydrogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, aluminum, an ammonium, Alkylammonium- or Alkanolammoniumgruppe stands. Preferably R¹⁹ represents an alkyl radical having 12 to 18 carbon atoms.

Fatty alcohol (ether) citrates come in as mixture component C11) Consideration that follow the formula (XVIII)

in which R²⁰, R²¹ and R²² independently of one another for an aliphatic Hydrocarbon radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, R²¹ and R²² additionally for hydrogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, aluminum, an ammonium, Alkylammonium or alkanolammonium group, n for 2 or 3 and m stands for 0 or numbers from 1 to 10. Preferably R² stehen and R²¹ for alkyl radicals with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, R²² for Sodium, potassium, magnesium or aluminum, n for 2 and m for Numbers from 2 to 5.  

Fatty alcohol (ether) tartrate can be used as mixture component C12) Consideration that follow the formula (XIX)

in which R²³ and R²⁴ independently of one another for an aliphatic Hydrocarbon residue with 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, R²⁴ additionally for hydrogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, aluminum, an ammonium, alkylammonium or alkanolammonium group, n for 2 or 3 and m for 0 or Numbers from 1 to 10 are available. R²³ is preferably an alkyl radical with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, R²⁴ for sodium, potassium, Magnesium or aluminum, n for 2 and m for numbers from 2 to 5.

Sulfosuccinic acid esters come in as mixture component C13) Consideration that follow the formula (XX)

in which R²⁵ and R²⁶ independently of one another for an aliphatic Hydrocarbon residue with 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, R²⁶ additionally for hydrogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, aluminum, an ammonium, alkylammonium or alkanolammonium group, n for 2 or 3, m for 0 or Numbers from 1 to 10 and X for hydrogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, Aluminum, an ammonium, alkylammonium or alkanolammonium group stand. R²⁵ and R²⁶ are preferably Alkyl radicals with 12 to 18 carbon atoms.  

Suitable mixture components C14) are sulfo fatty acids, which follow the formula (XXI),

R²⁷-COOX (XXI)

in the R²⁷-CO for a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds and X for hydrogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, aluminum, an ammonium, alkylammonium or alkanolammonium group. R²⁷-CO is preferably a saturated acyl group with 12 to 18 or an unsaturated Acyl radical with 16 to 18 carbon atoms.

The preparation of the aqueous surfactant mixtures according to the invention takes place either mechanically, if necessary increased Temperature of 30 to 40 ° C or by joint implementation of Alkylglycosides with fatty alcohols or fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers with gaseous sulfur trioxide, neutralization with aqueous bases and then mixing the anionic surfactant mixture with amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants.

Binary aqueous surfactant mixtures with high foaming power and good Component A and B contain skin compatibility in a weight ratio 90: 10 to 10: 90, preferably 85: 15 to 75: 25.

Ternary aqueous surfactant mixtures with high foaming power and components A, B and C contain good skin tolerance Weight ratio 5: 15: 80 to 40: 25: 35, preferably 10: 15: 75 to 20: 25: 55.  

The skin-protecting properties of the agents according to the invention come into their own when they are formulated that they have a pH near the neutral point. Agents with pH values in the range from 5.5 to 7.5, in particular 5.5 to 6.5 are therefore preferred.

The aqueous surfactant mixtures according to the invention are suitable for Manufacture of cosmetic cleaning and care products, e.g. B. Shampoos, shower baths, liquid soaps and the like.

These products can be used in addition to the surfactant mixtures described usual components of cosmetic preparations such as Emulsifiers, oil components, fats and waxes, solubilizers, Thickeners, superfatting agents, biogenic agents, Film formers, fragrances, dyes, pearlescent agents, foam stabilizers, Preservatives and pH regulators included.

Common oil components are substances such as paraffin oil, vegetable oils, Fatty acid esters, squalane and 2-octyldodecanol while as fats and waxes, for example, walnut, beeswax, montan wax, paraffin and cetylstearyl alcohol are used.

Low or are usually used as solubilizers polyhydric alcohols such as ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, Propylene glycol, glycerin, 1,3-butylene glycol and diethylene glycol used.

Substances such as polyethoxylated can be used as superfatting agents Lanolin derivatives, lecithin derivatives and fatty acid alkanolamides are used, the latter being used simultaneously as Foam stabilizers are used.  

Suitable thickeners are, for example, polysaccharides, in particular xanthan gum, guar guar, agar agar, alginates and tyloses, Carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose, further higher molecular weight polyethylene glycol monoesters and diesters of fatty acids, Polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone and Electrolytes such as table salt and ammonium chloride, if desired in Combination with alkyl ether sulfates.

Plant extracts include, for example, Understand protein hydrolyzates and vitamin complexes.

Common film formers are, for example, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, Vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymers, polymers of the acrylic acid series, quaternary cellulose derivatives and similar compounds.

Suitable preservatives are, for example, formaldehyde solution, p-hydroxybenzoate or sorbic acid.

For example, glycol distearic acid esters come as pearlescent agents such as ethylene glycol distearate, but also fatty acid monoglycol esters into consideration.

Suitable dyes for cosmetic purposes and approved substances are used, such as in the publication "Cosmetic Dyes" of the Dye Commission the German Research Foundation, published by the publisher Chemie, Weinheim, 1984. These dyes are usually in concentrations of 0.001 to 0.1 % By weight, based on the mixture as a whole.  

Other components of the aqueous surfactant mixtures according to the invention are, if desired, fragrances and substances that serve to adjust the pH of the agents.

The mixtures according to the invention are preferred in products used for washing, dyeing, waving or rinsing hair serve. The mixtures are particularly suitable for production of mild shampoos, for example baby shampoos.

The following examples are intended to illustrate the subject matter of the invention explain without restricting him to it.  

Examples I. Surfactants used

A1) C _12/14 coconut alkyl glucoside sulfate Na salt, obtained by reacting a coconut alkyl glucoside with gaseous sulfur trioxide in a mixture of dimethylformamide and dichloroethane as solvent according to European patent application EP-A-01 86 242. The product was in the form of an aqueous solution used with an active substance content of 30 wt .-%.

A2) C _12/14 coconut alkyl glucoside sulfate / C _12/14 coconut fatty alkyl sulfate / Na salt mixture obtained by reacting a mixture of 20% by weight coconut alkyl glucoside and 80% by weight coconut fatty alcohol (Lorol® S, hydroxyl number 289, Sales product from Henkel) with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent neutralization with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The molar ratio between feed and sulfur trioxide was 1: 1.3, the sulfonation temperature 45 ° C. The product was used in the form of an aqueous solution with an active substance content of 30% by weight.

A3) C _12/14 coconut alkyl glucoside sulfate / C _12/14 coconut fatty alcohol 2EO ether sulfate Na salt mixture, obtained by joint reaction of a mixture of 20% by weight coconut alkyl glucoside and 80% by weight of a product from the hydrotalcite-catalyzed Addition of 2 moles of ethylene oxide to a coconut fatty alcohol cut (Lorol® S) with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent neutralization with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The molar ratio between feed and sulfur trioxide was 1: 1.3, the sulfonation temperature 55 ° C. The product was used in the form of an aqueous solution with an active substance content of 30% by weight.

B1) Alkyl betaine, Dehyton® CB, sales product from Henkel. Implementation product of sodium chloroacetate with cetyldimethylamine. The product was in the form of an aqueous solution an active substance content of 30 wt .-% used.

B2) Alkylamidobetaine, Dehyton® K, sales product from Henkel. Reaction product of sodium chloroacetate with a condensation product of 1 mole of coconut fatty acid and 1 mole of N, N-dimethyl propylene diamine. The product was in the form of an aqueous Solution with an active substance content of 30% by weight used.

C1) C _12/14 coconut alkyl sulfate Na salt obtained by reacting a technical C _12/14 coconut fatty alcohol cut with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent neutralization with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The product was used in the form of an aqueous solution with an active substance content of 30% by weight.

C2) C _12/14 cocoalkyl 2EO ether sulfate Na salt, obtained by reacting an adduct of an average of 2 moles of ethylene oxide with a technical C _12/14 coconut fatty alcohol cut with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent neutralization with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The addition of the ethylene oxide to the fatty alcohol was carried out according to German patent application DE-A-38 43 713 in the presence of hydrotalcite as an alkoxylation catalyst and led to a fatty alcohol ethoxylate with a low content of free fatty alcohol and a narrow homolog distribution. The product was used in the form of an aqueous solution with an active substance content of 30% by weight.

II. Examples of application technology Preparation of the mixtures

For the production of the invention aqueous surfactant mixtures and the comparison mixtures were the components that existed as aqueous solutions together Entered room temperature and with stirring in tap water of 18 ° d, the ratio of surfactant to water was chosen so that aqueous solution with a solids content of 2 wt .-% resulted.

Measuring method

For the production of a particularly fine-pored Foam such as that used in personal cleansing and body care products a blow foam apparatus was used, such as they z. B. is known from DIN 53 902.

340 ml of the aqueous surfactant mixture was placed in the whipped foam apparatus transferred. By 10 strokes with a perforated plate with 1- mm holes (speed: 50 strokes / min, stroke: 13 cm) was Foam is generated and the foam volume after 1, 3 and 5 min in ml certainly.

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For a better comparison of the foam properties of the aqueous surfactant mixtures according to the invention and the comparative mixtures all measurements were compared to a good foaming Standard rated the following composition had and a common surfactant mixture for personal care products the market corresponds to:

12% by weight Texapon® N, commercial product from Henkel
(C _12/14 fatty alcohol 2EO sulfate Na salt),
3% by weight of Dehyton® K, commercial product from Henkel
(Reaction product of sodium chloroacetate with a condensation product of 1 mol of coconut fatty acid with 1 mol of N, N-dimethyl-propylenediamine),
1% by weight Comperlan® KD, commercial product from Henkel
(Coconut fatty acid diethanolamide).

The standard mixture delivered under the conditions mentioned following foam values:

after 1 min: 230 ml
after 3 min: 220 ml
after 5 min: 180 ml

These foam values were set at 100%; all subsequent measurements represent relative percentages to this standard.  

Examples 1-8, Comparative Examples 1-3

Table 1

Relative foaming power of aqueous surfactant mixtures

Indication of the mixing ratio in% by weight

The amount of foam in ml

III. Skin tolerance tests

To determine the skin tolerance of the aqueous surfactant mixtures the in vitro developed by Zeidler and Reese Method used (Arzztl. Kosmetol., 13, 39 [1983]).

Served as a measure of the skin tolerance of the surfactant mixtures swelling of pig epidermis. For this, the required epidermis won immediately after slaughtering young pigs and stored frozen.

Punched-out epidermis strips of size were used for the measurement Immersed 1 cm × 6 cm in the surfactant solutions for 30 minutes, each Contained 2 wt .-% active substance, tempered to 39 ° C and were adjusted to pH = 6.5. Then after a short rinse and removing the adhering water by gently squeezing the weight of the swollen strips under defined conditions certainly. The strips were then covered with calcium chloride for 24 h drained and weighed again. To eliminate influences that on specific properties of the respective titer or the place of removal (Back, side) was a standard measurement carried out. In doing so, an immediately adjacent one Epidermis strips in the same way with water instead of the surfactant solution treated.

The measured values t for the surfactant treatment and w for the treatment with water result from the relationship:

The standardized, relative swelling change Q is finally defined as

Q = (t / w-1) 100%

The Q value of skin treated only with water is therefore by definition 0%; negative values indicate anti-swelling properties there. The results of the epidermal swelling are in Table 2 summarized.

Table 2

Epidermal swelling of aqueous surfactant mixtures

Indication of the mixing ratio in% by weight

Claims (25)

1. Aqueous surfactant mixtures with good skin tolerance, characterized in that they are used as surfactant components

• A) a sulfation product of an alkyl or alkenyl glycoside of the formula (I) R¹-O- (G) _p (I) in which G represents a symbol for a glycose unit which is derived from a sugar having 5 or 6 carbon atoms, p represents a number between 1 and 10 and R 1 represents an alkyl or alkenyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms,
• B) an amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of
  • B1) alkyl betaines,
  • B2) alkylamido betaines,
  • B3) Imidazolinium betaines and
  • B4) sulfobetaines
• is formed and
• C) optionally another surfactant selected from the group consisting of
  • C1) alkyl sulfates,
  • C2) alkyl ether sulfates,
  • C3) hydroxy mixed ether sulfates,
  • C4) alpha-olefin sulfonates,
  • C5) secondary alkanesulfonates,
  • C6) internal alkyl ether sulfonates,
  • C7) ether carboxylic acids,
  • C8) isethionates,
  • C9) Taurids,
  • C10) sarcosinates,
  • C11) fatty alcohol (ether) citrates,
  • C12) fatty alcohol (ether) tartrates,
  • C13) sulfosuccinic acid esters and
  • C14) sulfo fatty acids
• is formed

are included. 2. Aqueous surfactant mixtures according to claim 1, characterized in that that the glycose unit G in formula (I) of Aldoses or ketoses, especially those that derive glucose, p a number from 1.1 to 3.0, in particular 1.1 to 1.4, and R¹ represents an alkyl radical having 12 to 18 carbon atoms. 3. Aqueous surfactant mixtures according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the alkyl betaines (B1) follow the formula (II), in which R², R³ and R⁴ independently represent hydrogen, linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds and x are integers from 1 to 10. 4. Aqueous surfactant mixtures according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the alkylamidobetaines (B2) follow the formula (III), in the R⁵-CO for an aliphatic acyl radical having 8 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds and y and z are integers from 1 to 10. 5. Aqueous surfactant mixtures according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the imidazolinium betaines (B3) follow the formula (IV), in which R⁶ is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 5 to 21 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, R⁷ is hydrogen or an alkyl radical which is optionally substituted by hydroxyl groups and has 1 to 6 carbon atoms and z is an integer from 1 to 10. 6. Aqueous surfactant mixtures according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the sulfobetaines (B4) follow the formula (V), in which R⁸ represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 8 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds and q represents numbers from 1 to 10. 7. Aqueous surfactant mixtures according to at least one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the alkyl sulfates (C1) of Follow formula (VI), R⁹-O-SO₃X (VI) in the R⁹ for a linear or branched aliphatic Hydrocarbon radical with 8 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds and X for hydrogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, aluminum, an ammonium, alkylammonium or alkanolammonium group. 8. Aqueous surfactant mixtures according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the alkyl ether sulfates (C2) follow the formula (VII), R¹⁰- [OC _n H _2n O] _m -O-SO₃X (VII) in the R¹⁰ for a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical with 8 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, n for 2 or 3, m for a number from 1 to 20 and X for hydrogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, aluminum, an ammonium -, Alkylammonium- or Alkanolammoniumgruppe stands. 9. Aqueous surfactant mixtures according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the hydroxy mixed ether sulfates (C3) follow the formula (VIII), in which R¹¹ is an alkyl radical having 6 to 16 carbon atoms, R¹² is an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, n is 2 or 3, m is a number from 1 to 10 and X is hydrogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, aluminum, an ammonium -, Alkylammonium- or Alkanolammoniumgruppe stands. 10. Aqueous surfactant mixtures according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the alpha-olefin sulfonates (C4) follow one of the formulas (IX) or (X), in which R¹³ represents an alkyl radical having 6 to 20 carbon atoms and X represents hydrogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, aluminum, an ammonium, alkylammonium or alkanolammonium group. 11. Aqueous surfactant mixtures according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the secondary alkanesulfonates (C5) follow the formula (XI), in which R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ independently of one another are alkyl radicals having 1 to 20, in total 7 to 21 carbon atoms and X is hydrogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, aluminum, an ammonium, alkylammonium or alkanolammonium group. 12. Aqueous surfactant mixtures according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the internal alkyl ether sulfonates (C6) follow one of the formulas (XII) or (XIII), in which s for 1 or 2, r and t for numbers from 1 to 17, the sum of s, r and t for numbers from 13 to 19, n for 2 or 3, m for numbers from 1 to 10 and X for hydrogen , an alkali or alkaline earth metal, aluminum, an ammonium, alkylammonium or alkanolammonium group. 13. Aqueous surfactant mixtures according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the ether carboxylic acids (C7) follow the formula (XIV), R¹⁶- [OC _n H _2n ] _m -O-CH₂-COOX (XIV) in the R¹⁶ for an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, n for 2 or 3, m for numbers from 1 to 10 and X for hydrogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, aluminum, an ammonium, alkylammonium - Or alkanolammonium group. 14. Aqueous surfactant mixtures according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the isethionates (C8) follow the formula (XV), in which R¹⁷ represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds and X represents hydrogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, aluminum, an ammonium, alkylammonium or alkanolammonium group. 15. Aqueous surfactant mixtures according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the taurides (C9) follow the formula (XVI), in which R¹⁸ represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds and X represents hydrogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, aluminum, an ammonium, alkylammonium or alkanolammonium group. 16. Aqueous surfactant mixtures according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the sarcosides (C10) follow the formula (XVII), in which R¹⁹ represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds and X represents hydrogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, aluminum, an ammonium, alkylammonium or alkanolammonium group. 17. Aqueous surfactant mixtures according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the fatty alcohol (ether) citrates (C11) follow the formula (XVIII), in which R²⁰, R²¹ and R²² independently of one another for an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, R²¹ and R²² additionally for hydrogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, aluminum, an ammonium, alkylammonium or Alkanolammoniumgruppe, n for 2 or 3 and m for 0 or numbers from 1 to 10. 18. Aqueous surfactant mixtures according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the fatty alcohol (ether) tratrate (C12) follow the formula (XIX), in which R²³ and R²⁴ independently of one another for an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, R²⁴ additionally for hydrogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, aluminum, an ammonium, alkylammonium or alkanolammonium group, n for 2 or 3 and m stand for 0 or numbers from 1 to 10. 19. Aqueous surfactant mixtures according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the sulfosuccinic acid esters (C13) follow the formula (XX), in which R²⁵ and R²⁶ independently of one another for an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, R²⁶ additionally for hydrogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, aluminum, an ammonium, alkylammonium or alkanolammonium group, n for 2 or 3, m is 0 or numbers from 1 to 10 and X is hydrogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, aluminum, an ammonium, alkylammonium or alkanolammonium group. 20. Aqueous surfactant mixtures according to at least one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the sulfofatty acids (C14) follow formula (XXI), R²⁷-COOX (XXI) in the R²⁷-CO for a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds and X for hydrogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, aluminum, an ammonium, alkylammonium or alkanolammonium group. 21. Aqueous surfactant mixtures according to at least one of the claims 1 to 20, characterized in that they contain components A and B in a weight ratio of 10:90 to 90:10. 22. Aqueous surfactant mixtures according to at least one of the claims 1 to 20, characterized in that they contain components A, B and C in the weight ratio 5: 15: 80 to 40: 25: 35. 23. Use of the aqueous surfactant mixtures after at least one of claims 1 to 22 for the production of hair cleaning and hair care products with good skin tolerance.   24. Use of the aqueous surfactant mixtures after at least one of claims 1 to 22 for the production of personal cleansing and personal care products with good skin tolerance.