DE4006081A1 - Slip-regulated hydraulic motor car brakes - have residual pressure reduced by control unit should pressure-medium temp. fall below critical value - Google Patents
Slip-regulated hydraulic motor car brakes - have residual pressure reduced by control unit should pressure-medium temp. fall below critical valueInfo
- Publication number
- DE4006081A1 DE4006081A1 DE19904006081 DE4006081A DE4006081A1 DE 4006081 A1 DE4006081 A1 DE 4006081A1 DE 19904006081 DE19904006081 DE 19904006081 DE 4006081 A DE4006081 A DE 4006081A DE 4006081 A1 DE4006081 A1 DE 4006081A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- slip
- pressure
- spring
- wheel brake
- controlled hydraulic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001000 nickel titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910001285 shape-memory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- HZEWFHLRYVTOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ti].[Ni] Chemical compound [Ti].[Ni] HZEWFHLRYVTOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000282342 Martes americana Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000639 Spring steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
- F16D65/16—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
- F16D65/18—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T11/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator without power assistance or drive or where such assistance or drive is irrelevant
- B60T11/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator without power assistance or drive or where such assistance or drive is irrelevant transmitting by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic
- B60T11/16—Master control, e.g. master cylinders
- B60T11/18—Connection thereof to initiating means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
- B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
- B60T8/341—Systems characterised by their valves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
- B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
- B60T8/40—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
- B60T8/4018—Pump units characterised by their drive mechanisms
- B60T8/4022—Pump units driven by an individual electric motor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
- B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
- B60T8/44—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition co-operating with a power-assist booster means associated with a master cylinder for controlling the release and reapplication of brake pressure through an interaction with the power assist device, i.e. open systems
- B60T8/445—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition co-operating with a power-assist booster means associated with a master cylinder for controlling the release and reapplication of brake pressure through an interaction with the power assist device, i.e. open systems replenishing the released brake fluid volume into the brake piping
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
- B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
- B60T8/50—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition having means for controlling the rate at which pressure is reapplied to or released from the brake
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
- B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
- B60T8/50—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition having means for controlling the rate at which pressure is reapplied to or released from the brake
- B60T8/5018—Pressure reapplication using restrictions
- B60T8/5025—Pressure reapplication using restrictions in hydraulic brake systems
- B60T8/5031—Pressure reapplication using restrictions in hydraulic brake systems open systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
- F16D2121/02—Fluid pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2127/00—Auxiliary mechanisms
- F16D2127/02—Release mechanisms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2129/00—Type of operation source for auxiliary mechanisms
- F16D2129/14—Shape memory or other thermo-mechanical elements
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Regulating Braking Force (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine schlupfgeregelte hydraulische Bremsanlage, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge und stellt eine weitere Ausgestaltung des Gegenstandes der Erfindung nach Patent ............(Patentanmeldung Aktenzeichen: P 39 19 842.1) dar.The invention relates to a slip-controlled hydraulic Brake system, especially for motor vehicles and provides a further embodiment of the subject of the invention Patent ............ (patent application file number: P 39 19 842.1) represents.
Die beschriebene Bremsanlage dieser Art neigt im Tieftempe raturbetrieb während der schlupfgeregelten Druckabbauphase infolge der Zähigkeit des Druckmittels zur Restdruckbildung in der Radbremse. Durch die unbefriedigende Druckentlastung in der Radbremse kann es bei Verwendung von Scheibenbremsen zu einer unerwünschten Verschlechterung des Radbeschleuni gungsvermögens nach dem Öffnen des Auslaßventils kommen, da unter Einwirkung der Hilfsdruckpumpe während der Schlupfre gelung der Staudruck vor dem geöffneten Auslaßventil auf den Kolben in der Radbremse zurückwirken kann.The brake system of this type described tends to be in the low temperature ratur operation during the slip-regulated pressure reduction phase due to the toughness of the pressure medium to form residual pressure in the wheel brake. Due to the unsatisfactory pressure relief in the wheel brake it can occur when using disc brakes to an undesirable deterioration in the wheel acceleration capacity after opening the exhaust valve, because under the influence of the auxiliary pressure pump during the slip the back pressure upstream of the opened outlet valve Pistons can react in the wheel brake.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Brems anlage der eingangs genannten Gattung zu verbessern, um un ter Umgehung des vorgenannten Nachteils eine schlupfgeregel te Druckabbauphase mit verminderter Restdruckbildung in der Radbremse kostensparend zu realisierung.The invention is therefore based on the object of a brake to improve the plant of the type mentioned at the outset in order to un ter circumventing the aforementioned disadvantage a slip rule Pressure reduction phase with reduced residual pressure build-up in the Wheel brake can be implemented cost-effectively.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die den Patentan spruch 1 kennzeichnenden Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved by the patent pronounced 1 characteristic features solved.
Ein temperaturabhängig restdruckreduzierendes Stellelement angeordnet im Bereich der Radbremse, läßt sich besonders zweckmäßig durch die Verwendung einer Formgedächtnislegie rung realisieren. Im Gegensatz zur Formänderungsarbeit in folge der werkstoffspezifischen Wärmedehnung konventioneller Metalle, lassen sich bei Formgedächtnislegierungen erheblich größere sowie gezielt gesteuerte Formänderungen und Stell kräfte verwirklichen. Hierbei zeigt es sich in der Praxis als ausgesprochen vorteilhaft Titan-Nickel-Legierungen zu verwenden.A temperature-reducing control element that reduces residual pressure arranged in the area of the wheel brake, can be particularly expedient through the use of a shape memory alloy realization. In contrast to the deformation work in follow the material-specific thermal expansion of conventional Metals can be significantly reduced in shape memory alloys larger and specifically controlled changes in shape and position realizing forces. This is shown in practice as extremely advantageous titanium-nickel alloys use.
Die vorteilhafte Weiterbildung des Erfindungsgegenstandes sieht vor, eine Nickeltitanfeder als Stellelement zu verwen den, die mit einer konventionellen Stahlfeder temperaturab hängige Rückstellkräfte auf den Kolben im Radbremszylinder ausübt, sobald in der Bremslösestellung hohe Viscositäten des Druckmittels den Druckabbau behindern. Hierzu ist auf einfache Weise vorgesehen, beide Federn koaxial sowie in Reiheschaltung zwischen dem Kolbenboden und der Gehäuse stirnwand des Radbremszylinders zu lagern.The advantageous further development of the subject matter of the invention provides for a nickel titanium spring to be used as an actuating element the temperature-dependent with a conventional steel spring Pending restoring forces on the pistons in the wheel brake cylinder exerts as soon as high viscosities in the brake release position of the pressure medium hinder the pressure reduction. This is on provided in a simple manner, both springs coaxially as well as in Series connection between the piston crown and the housing to store the front wall of the wheel brake cylinder.
Vorzugsweise ist das Stellelement derart bemessen, daß un terhalb einer umwandlungskritischen Temperatur der Formge dächtnis-Legierung, die einer kritischen Viscositätszunahme entspricht, die Nickeltitanfeder infolge der Rückumwandlung des Gefüges von Austenit in den reversiblen plastischen Formzustand des Martensits, wirkungslos verharrt, womit die Vorspannkraft der zweiten Feder zu einer druckmittelsperren den Stellbewegung führt.The control element is preferably dimensioned such that un below a transformation-critical temperature of the mold memory alloy showing a critical increase in viscosity corresponds to the nickel titanium spring due to the reverse conversion of the structure of austenite in the reversible plastic Form state of martensite, remains ineffective, with which Preload force of the second spring to a pressure medium lock leads the actuating movement.
Eine baulich besonders günstige Anordnung der beiden Federn erhält man durch Zwischenlagerung eines Federkäfigs, der die Federwirkung auf ein als Kugelsitzventil ausgeführtes Ven tilschließglied überträgt.A structurally particularly favorable arrangement of the two springs is obtained by temporarily storing a spring cage, which Spring action on a Ven designed as a ball seat valve transfers the closing element.
Weitere Merkmale, Vorteile und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der Erfindung gehen aus der Beschreibung zweier Ausführungsbei spiele hervor.Other features, advantages and possible uses of the Invention emerge from the description of two exemplary embodiments play out.
Fig. 1 zeigt: Den vereinfachten Hydraulikschaltplan einer schlupfgeregel ten Bremsanlage mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Stellelement, FIG. 1 shows the simplified hydraulic circuit diagram of a schlupfgeregel th brake system with the inventive actuator,
Fig. 2 eine alternative Ausführungsform und Anordnung des Stellele mentes im Bremssattel. Fig. 2 shows an alternative embodiment and arrangement of the Stellele element in the caliper.
Fig. 1 zeigt das vereinfachte Hydrauliksystem für eine schlupfgeregelte Bremsanlage. Auf bekannte Weise schließt sich an den Hauptbremszylinder 2 eine Hauptdruckleitung 10 an, in die ein elektromagnetisch betätigtes Trennventil 9 und ein hydraulisch gesteuertes Einlaßventil 7 eingefügt sind. Parallel zum Trenn- und Einlaßventil 9, 7 ist ein Über druckventil 27 bzw. ein Rückschlagventil 17 geschaltet. Zwi schen den zuvor beschriebenen Ventilen der Hauptdruckleitung 10 und der Radbremse 6 befindet sich das erfindungsgemäße Stellelement 15, das temperaturabhängig den hydraulischen Druck in der Radbremse 6 während der Druckabbauphase regelt. Eine zwischen dem Einlaßventil 7 und dem Stellelement 15 an der Hauptdruckleitung 10 abgezweigte Rücklaufleitung 14 stellt die hydraulische Verbindung zum Vorratsbehälter 4 her, sobald das elektromagnetisch geschaltete Auslaßventil 13 und ein nachgeordnetes Zweistellungsventil 26 geöffnet sind. Eine zwischen dem Trennventil 9 und dem Einlaßventil 7 an der Hauptdruckleitung 10 angeschlossene Hilfsdruckleitung 12 stellt mittels einer Hilfsdruckpumpe 3 die Druckmittel versorgung während der Regelbremsung zwischen dem Vorratsbe hälter 4 und der Hauptdruckleitung 10 her. Fig. 1 shows the simplified hydraulic system for a slip-controlled brake system. In a known manner, the master brake cylinder 2 is followed by a main pressure line 10 , into which an electromagnetically operated isolation valve 9 and a hydraulically controlled inlet valve 7 are inserted. In parallel to the isolation and inlet valve 9 , 7 , a pressure valve 27 or a check valve 17 is connected. Between the previously described valves of the main pressure line 10 and the wheel brake 6 is the actuating element 15 according to the invention, which regulates the hydraulic pressure in the wheel brake 6 as a function of temperature during the pressure reduction phase. A return line 14 branched off between the inlet valve 7 and the control element 15 on the main pressure line 10 establishes the hydraulic connection to the reservoir 4 as soon as the electromagnetically switched outlet valve 13 and a downstream two-position valve 26 are open. A between the isolating valve 9 and the inlet valve 7 on the main pressure line 10 connected auxiliary pressure line 12 by means of an auxiliary pressure pump 3, the pressure medium supply during the braking between the Vorratsbe container 4 and the main pressure line 10 .
Bei schlupffreier Normalbremsung unter Tieftemperaturbedin gungen befinden sich alle Ventile in der abbildungsgemäßen Stellung, so daß in Abhängigkeit zur fußkraftproportionalen Bremsdrucksteigerung Druckmittel über das offene Trenn- und Einlaßventil 9, 7 in Richtung des Stellelementes 15 strömt. In der beispielhaft dargestellten Ausführungsform des Stell elementes 15 ist zunächst der erforderliche Öffnungsdruck eines federbelasteten Kugelsitzventils 8 zu erzeugen, der der Vorspannkraft der zweiten Feder 18 entspricht. Die aus einer Formgedächtnislegierung hergestellte erste Feder 16 ist infolge der niedrigen Betriebstemperatur, die unterhalb der umwandlungskritischen Temperatur der Formgedächtnis-Le gierung liegt, zunächst infolge des leicht verformbaren thermoplastischen Martensits wirkungslos. Die erste Feder 16 verharrt nahezu spannungslos und damit reversibel plastisch verformt, so daß die schließkrafterzeugende zweite Feder 18 - eingespannt zwischen der Gehäusestirnwand 19 und einem Federkäfig 5 - bei Druckbeaufschlagung über das druckmittel sperrende Kugelsitzventil 8 in Öffnungsrichtung betätigt wird. Beide Federn 16, 18 sind am Federkäfig 5 koaxial in Reihe angeordnet, wobei die erste Feder 16 übergestülpt und abgestützt zwischen einem äußeren Bund des Federkäfigs 5 und der ventilsitzseitigen Gehäusestirnwand 19 gehalten ist.With slip-free normal braking under low-temperature conditions, all valves are in the position shown in the illustration, so that pressure medium flows via the open isolating and inlet valve 9 , 7 in the direction of the actuating element 15 as a function of the increase in brake pressure proportional to the foot force. In the exemplary embodiment of the actuating element 15 , the required opening pressure of a spring-loaded ball seat valve 8 is first to be generated, which corresponds to the biasing force of the second spring 18 . The first spring 16 made of a shape memory alloy is initially ineffective due to the low operating temperature, which is below the transformation-critical temperature of the shape memory alloy, due to the easily deformable thermoplastic martensite. The first spring 16 remains almost without tension and thus reversibly plastically deformed, so that the closing force-generating second spring 18 - clamped between the housing end wall 19 and a spring cage 5 - is actuated in the opening direction when pressure is applied via the pressure-locking ball seat valve 8 . Both springs 16 , 18 are arranged coaxially in series on the spring cage 5 , the first spring 16 being placed over and supported between an outer collar of the spring cage 5 and the housing end wall 19 on the valve seat side.
Bei Bremslösestellung und damit eingesteuerter Druckent lastung in der Hauptdruckleitung 10 erfolgt im Tieftempera turbetrieb unter Einwirkung der Vorspannkraft der zweiten Feder 18 die Schließbewegung des Kugelsitzventils 8, wobei über ein parallel zum Stellelement 15 angeordnetes Rück schlagventil 23 eine hydraulische Verbindung zum Zwecke der Druckentlastung in der Radbremse 6 aktiviert ist. When the brake release position and thus the pressure in the main pressure line 10 is controlled, the closing movement of the ball seat valve 8 takes place in low-temperature operation under the action of the pretensioning force of the second spring 18 , a hydraulic connection for the purpose of pressure relief in the wheel brake being provided via a check valve 23 arranged parallel to the control element 15 6 is activated.
Bei schlupfgeregelter Bremsung unter extrem niedrigen Tempe raturen, die sich zumindest unterhalb der die Austenit-/Mar tensitumwandlung bestimmenden kritischen Temperatur des Stellelementes 15 bewegen, erfolgt während der Druckabbau phase ein verhältnismäßig hoher Rückstrom zur Hauptdrucklei tung 10 und damit auch in Richtung der Radbremse 6, da die Ventilöffnungsquerschnitte relativ klein bemessen sind, so daß unter Berücksichtigung der ständigen Druckmittelförde rung durch die Hilfsdruckpumpe 3 ein die Radbremse 6 betäti gender Restdruck grundsätzlich zu vermeiden ist. Dies ge schieht über das bei tiefen Temperaturen das Kugelsitzventil 8 verschließende Stellelement 15, sobald nach dem Öffnen des Auslaßventils 13 am Stellelement 15 ein Druckgefälle ent steht. Durch die Druckabsenkung in der Hauptdruckleitung 10 unter den Druck der zweiten Feder 18 bewegt sich das Kugel sitzventil 8 in seine Schließstellung, womit die Radbremse 6 vom Staudruck in der Hauptdruckleitung 10 entlastet ist. Das parallel zum Stellelement 15 angeordnete Rückschlagventil 23 bleibt unter dem Einfluß des Staudruckes ebenso in Richtung der Radbremse verschlossen, so daß der Restdruck in der Rad bremse 6 auf ein tolerierbares Minimum abgesenkt werden kann.With slip-controlled braking at extremely low temperatures, which are at least below the austenite / martensite transformation determining critical temperature of the control element 15 , during the pressure reduction phase there is a relatively high backflow to the main pressure line 10 and thus also in the direction of the wheel brake 6 , since the valve opening cross sections are dimensioned relatively small, so that taking into account the constant pressure medium supply tion by the auxiliary pressure pump 3 , the wheel brake 6 actuating residual pressure should be avoided in principle. This happens via the ball seat valve 8 which closes the actuating element 15 at low temperatures as soon as there is a pressure drop ent after the opening of the outlet valve 13 on the actuating element 15 . By lowering the pressure in the main pressure line 10 under the pressure of the second spring 18 , the ball seat valve 8 moves into its closed position, whereby the wheel brake 6 is relieved of the dynamic pressure in the main pressure line 10 . The parallel to the control element 15 check valve 23 remains closed under the influence of the dynamic pressure in the direction of the wheel brake, so that the residual pressure in the wheel brake 6 can be reduced to a tolerable minimum.
Unabhängig vom Regelmodus der Bremsanlage bleibt oberhalb der gestalt- bzw. kraftändernden kritischen Temperatur die Druckmittelverbindung zwischen der Hauptdruckleitung 10 und der Radbremse 6 permanent geöffnet, da bei hohen Temperatu ren die Druckkraft der ersten Feder 16 gegenüber der Druck kraft der zweiten Feder 18 überwiegt. Die bei höherer Tempe ratur erheblich verminderte Zähigkeit des Druckmittels führt zu keiner nennenswerten Staudruckbildung in der Radbremse 6, so daß in der Druckabbauphase keine unzulässigen Radverzöge rungen in Hinblick auf das gewünschte Radwiederbeschleuni gungsverhalten zu erwarten sind. Regardless of the control mode of the brake system, the pressure medium connection between the main pressure line 10 and the wheel brake 6 remains permanently open above the shape- or force-changing critical temperature, since at high temperatures the pressure force of the first spring 16 outweighs the pressure force of the second spring 18 . The significantly reduced viscosity of the pressure medium at higher temperatures does not lead to any significant build-up of pressure in the wheel brake 6 , so that in the pressure reduction phase no impermissible wheel decelerations are to be expected with regard to the desired wheel re-acceleration behavior.
Fig. 2 zeigt eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform zur Anordnung des erfindungsgemäßen Stellelementes 15 im unmittelbaren Be reich der Radbremse 6, wonach innerhalb des im Bremszylin dergehäuse 22 zwischen dem Radbremskolben 21 und der gegen überliegenden Gehäusestirnwand 19 die beiden Federn 16, 18 in koaxialer Lage eingespannt sind. Sowohl mittig am Kolbenbo den 24 wie auch mittig an der Gehäusestirnwand 19 sind Hal teösen 25 zum Einhängen der als Zugefeder ausgeführten zwei ten Feder 18 vorgesehen. Die aus konventionellem Federstahl gefertigte Zugfeder, sorgt in Abhängigkeit von der tempera turgesteuerten Formänderungsarbeit der ersten Feder 16 für die Rückstellung des Radzylinderkolbens 21 während der Bremslösestellung. Die erste Feder 16 stützt sich wie die zweite Feder 18 zwischen dem Radbremskolben 21 und der Ge häusestirnwand 18 ab und ist in Umfangsrichtung über eine wulstförmige Erhebung an der Gehäusestirnwand 19 und über eine kreisringförmige Vertiefung am Kolbenboden 24 gegen Querversatz innerhalb des Radbremszylinders 20 gesichert. Fig. 2 shows an advantageous embodiment for the arrangement of the control element 15 according to the invention in the immediate loading area of the wheel brake 6 , according to which the two springs 16 , 18 are clamped in a coaxial position within the dergehäuse 22 in the Bremszylin between the wheel brake piston 21 and the opposite housing end wall 19 . Both in the middle of the Kolbenbo 24 as well as in the middle of the housing end wall 19 Hal teösen 25 are provided for hanging the two spring 18 designed as a spring. The tension spring made of conventional spring steel ensures, depending on the temperature-controlled deformation work of the first spring 16, that the wheel cylinder piston 21 is reset during the brake release position. The first spring 16 , like the second spring 18, is supported between the wheel brake piston 21 and the housing end wall 18 and is secured in the circumferential direction via a bead-shaped elevation on the housing end wall 19 and via an annular recess on the piston head 24 against transverse displacement within the wheel brake cylinder 20 .
Bei konventioneller, d. h. bei schlupffreier Bremsung gelangt über den Schraubenanschluß 1 Druckmittel in den Radbremszy linder 20, wodurch unter gleichförmiger Ausbreitung des hy draulischen Drucks der Radbremskolben 21 eine den Innenraum des Radbremszylinders vergrößernde Hubbewegung ausführt. Die erste Feder 16 folgt synchron dieser Hubbewegung des Radzy linderkolbens 21 unter Beibehaltung des Kraftschlusses am Kolbenboden 21. Infolge der formschlüssigen Verbindung mit dem Kolbenboden 21 und der Gehäusestirnwand 19 folgt zwangs läufig die zweite Feder 18 ebenso der Bewegung des Radbrems kolbens 21, unabhängig von der Größe der temperaturgesteuer ten Federvorspannkraft des Stellelementes 15. In conventional, ie slip-free braking, pressure medium passes through the screw connection 1 into the Radbremszy cylinder 20 , which, while uniformly spreading the hydraulic pressure of the wheel brake pistons 21, carries out a lifting movement which enlarges the interior of the wheel brake cylinder. The first spring 16 follows this stroke movement of the Radzy cylinder piston 21 synchronously while maintaining the frictional connection on the piston crown 21st As a result of the positive connection with the piston crown 21 and the housing end wall 19 , the second spring 18 inevitably follows the movement of the wheel brake piston 21 , regardless of the size of the temperature-controlled spring preloading force of the actuating element 15 .
Zur Erzielung der Rückstellbewegung des Radbremskolbens 21 und damit zur Einstellung des geforderten Bremslüftspieles ist eine rasche, vollständige Druckentlastung des Radbrems zylinders 20 gewünscht. Infolge der temperaturabhängigen Viscosität des Fluides sind zwangsläufig recht unterschied liche Staudrücke im Bereich des klein bemessenen Öffnungs querschnittes am Auslaßventil wirksam, die insbesondere wäh rend der Bremsschlupfregelung bei niederiger Temperatur und großer Pumpenleistung auf den Radbremszylinder 22 rückwir ken, so daß trotz geöffnetem Auslaßventil ein in der Rad bremse rückwirkender Restdruck verhindert werden muß, um ei ner unerwünschten Einschränkung der Radwiederbeschleunigung vorzubeugen.To achieve the return movement of the wheel brake piston 21 and thus to set the required brake air clearance, a rapid, complete pressure relief of the wheel brake cylinder 20 is desired. As a result of the temperature-dependent viscosity of the fluid, there are inevitably quite different dynamic pressures in the area of the small-sized opening cross section at the outlet valve, which in particular during the brake slip control at low temperature and high pump output react to the wheel brake cylinder 22 , so that in spite of the outlet valve being open Wheel brake retroactive residual pressure must be prevented to prevent an undesired restriction of the wheel re-acceleration.
Durch Verwendung einer Formgedächtnislegierung für die als Stellelement 15 ausgeführte erste Feder 16, ist in Abhängig keit von bereits geringen Temperaturabsenkungen eine Ver kleinerung der Federkraft möglich, so daß die Kraftwirkung der zweiten, konventionellen Feder 18 den hydraulischen Restdruck im Radbremszylinder 22, sowie die Restvorspann kraft der ersten Feder 16 kompensieren kann, womit die ent gegengesetzt gerichtete Kraftresultierende der auf Zug bean spruchten zweiten Feder 18 zu einer Kolbenrückstellung und damit zur Einhaltung des erforderlichen Bremsenlüftspieles führt.By using a shape memory alloy for the first spring 16 designed as an actuating element 15 , a reduction in the spring force is possible as a function of already small temperature drops, so that the force effect of the second, conventional spring 18 forces the hydraulic residual pressure in the wheel brake cylinder 22 and the residual preload force of the first spring 16 can compensate, with which the ent opposite force resultant of the second spring 18 claimed to train leads to a piston return and thus to compliance with the required brake clearance.
Sobald die Druckmitteltemperatur die kritische und damit kraftkompensierende Temperatur der ersten Feder 16 über schreitet, nimmt die unterhalb der kritischen Temperatur im Martensitzustand reversibel plastisch verformte Formgedächt nislegierung der ersten Feder 16 wieder ihre ursprüngliche vom Austenitgefüge bestimmte Gestalt an. Die Zugkräfte über tragende zweite Feder 18 wird folglich von der Druckkraft der ersten Feder 16 kompensiert, so daß unter Vernachlässi gung der verbliebenen geringen Viscosität des Druckmittels der Radbremskolben 21 bei höheren Temperaturen nahezu druck entlastet die Bremsenlüftstellung einnimmt.As soon as the pressure medium temperature exceeds the critical and thus force-compensating temperature of the first spring 16 , the reversible plastically deformed shape memory alloy of the first spring 16 returns to its original shape determined by the austenite structure below the critical temperature in the marten seat state. The tensile forces via the load-bearing second spring 18 is consequently compensated for by the compressive force of the first spring 16 , so that, with neglect of the remaining low viscosity of the pressure medium, the wheel brake piston 21 almost relieves pressure at higher temperatures and assumes the brake release position.
BezugszeichenlisteReference symbol list
1 Schraubenanschluß
2 Hauptbremszylinder
3 Hilfsdruckpumpe
4 Vorratsbehälter
5 Federkäfig
6 Radbremse
7 Einlaßventil
8 Kugelsitzventil
9 Trennventil
10 Hauptdruckleitung
12 Hilfsdruckleitung
13 Auslaßventil
14 Rücklaufleitung
15 Stellelement
16 erste Feder
17 Rückschlagventil
18 zweite Feder
19 Gehäusestirnwand
20 Radbremszylinder
21 Radbremskolben
22 Bremszylindergehäuse
23 Rückschlagventil
24 Kolbenboden
25 Halteösen
26 Zweistellungsventil
27 Überdruckventil 1 screw connection
2 master brake cylinders
3 auxiliary pressure pump
4 storage containers
5 spring cage
6 wheel brake
7 inlet valve
8 ball seat valve
9 isolation valve
10 main pressure line
12 auxiliary pressure line
13 exhaust valve
14 return line
15 control element
16 first spring
17 check valve
18 second spring
19 housing end wall
20 wheel brake cylinders
21 wheel brake pistons
22 brake cylinder housing
23 check valve
24 piston crown
25 eyelets
26 two-position valve
27 pressure relief valve
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19893919842 DE3919842C2 (en) | 1989-06-17 | 1989-06-17 | Anti-lock, hydraulic brake system |
| DE19904006081 DE4006081A1 (en) | 1989-06-17 | 1990-02-27 | Slip-regulated hydraulic motor car brakes - have residual pressure reduced by control unit should pressure-medium temp. fall below critical value |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19893919842 DE3919842C2 (en) | 1989-06-17 | 1989-06-17 | Anti-lock, hydraulic brake system |
| DE19904006081 DE4006081A1 (en) | 1989-06-17 | 1990-02-27 | Slip-regulated hydraulic motor car brakes - have residual pressure reduced by control unit should pressure-medium temp. fall below critical value |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE4006081A1 true DE4006081A1 (en) | 1991-08-29 |
Family
ID=25882044
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19904006081 Ceased DE4006081A1 (en) | 1989-06-17 | 1990-02-27 | Slip-regulated hydraulic motor car brakes - have residual pressure reduced by control unit should pressure-medium temp. fall below critical value |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE4006081A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4126120A1 (en) * | 1991-08-07 | 1993-02-11 | Teves Gmbh Alfred | Brake pressure control for hydraulic vehicle braking system - has throttle element to create dynamic pressure in return flow pipe |
| FR2745052A1 (en) * | 1996-02-15 | 1997-08-22 | Salou Alain | Retraction washers of brake pads of disc brake of motor vehicles |
| FR3031155A1 (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2016-07-01 | Foundation Brakes France | SYSTEM FOR ACTIVE RETRACTING OF BRAKE LININGS, AND CORRESPONDING TRIM. |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3128798A1 (en) * | 1980-07-25 | 1982-04-22 | Honda Giken Kogyo K.K., Tokyo | BRAKE OIL PRESSURE CONTROL DEVICE FOR AN ANTI-BLOCK BRAKING SYSTEM |
| DE3744071A1 (en) * | 1987-12-24 | 1989-07-06 | Teves Gmbh Alfred | DRIVE AND BRAKE-SLIP-CONTROLLED BRAKE SYSTEM |
| DE3816073A1 (en) * | 1988-05-11 | 1989-11-16 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | ANTI-BLOCKING PROTECTION AND SLIP CONTROL SYSTEM |
| DE3153454C2 (en) * | 1980-03-03 | 1990-04-12 | Nippon Air Brake Co., Ltd., Kobe, Jp | |
| DE3842370A1 (en) * | 1988-12-16 | 1990-06-21 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | BLOCKING PROTECTION DEVICE FOR A VEHICLE BRAKE SYSTEM |
-
1990
- 1990-02-27 DE DE19904006081 patent/DE4006081A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3153454C2 (en) * | 1980-03-03 | 1990-04-12 | Nippon Air Brake Co., Ltd., Kobe, Jp | |
| DE3128798A1 (en) * | 1980-07-25 | 1982-04-22 | Honda Giken Kogyo K.K., Tokyo | BRAKE OIL PRESSURE CONTROL DEVICE FOR AN ANTI-BLOCK BRAKING SYSTEM |
| DE3744071A1 (en) * | 1987-12-24 | 1989-07-06 | Teves Gmbh Alfred | DRIVE AND BRAKE-SLIP-CONTROLLED BRAKE SYSTEM |
| DE3816073A1 (en) * | 1988-05-11 | 1989-11-16 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | ANTI-BLOCKING PROTECTION AND SLIP CONTROL SYSTEM |
| DE3842370A1 (en) * | 1988-12-16 | 1990-06-21 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | BLOCKING PROTECTION DEVICE FOR A VEHICLE BRAKE SYSTEM |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
| Title |
|---|
| DE-Z: HORNBOGEN,E.: Legierungen mit Formgedächtnis- Neue Werkstoffe für die Technik der Zukunft? In:METALL,41.J.g, H.5, Mai 1987, S. 488-493 * |
| DE-Z: STÖCKEL, Dieter: Formgedächtnis und Pseudo- eleastizität von Nickel-Titan-Legierungen. In: METALL, 41.Jg., H.5, Mai 1987, S.494-500 * |
| DE-Z: TAUTZENBERGER, P. * |
| DE-Z: TAUTZENBERGER, P.: Anwendungen von Shape- Memory-Stellelementen. In: METALL, 43.Jg., H.7, Juli 1989, S.642-645 * |
| STÖCKEL, D.: MEMOTAL- Elemente mit Erinnerungsvermögen. In: METALL, 37.Jg., H.11, Nov. 1983, S.1165 * |
| US-Z: WASILEWSKI, R.J. et.al.: Homogeneity Range and the Martensitic Transformations in TiNi. In: Metallurgical Transactions, Vol.2, No.1971, S.229-238 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4126120A1 (en) * | 1991-08-07 | 1993-02-11 | Teves Gmbh Alfred | Brake pressure control for hydraulic vehicle braking system - has throttle element to create dynamic pressure in return flow pipe |
| FR2745052A1 (en) * | 1996-02-15 | 1997-08-22 | Salou Alain | Retraction washers of brake pads of disc brake of motor vehicles |
| FR3031155A1 (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2016-07-01 | Foundation Brakes France | SYSTEM FOR ACTIVE RETRACTING OF BRAKE LININGS, AND CORRESPONDING TRIM. |
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