DE3920551A1 - Device for cleaning heavily contaminated water - divides water flow into a number of streams so that the flow rate through and the problems involved with using larger vessels are avoided - Google Patents

Abstract

Fluid to be cleaned is divided into at least two streams, each of which flows in series through several tall slender vessels filled with adsorption, binding, filtration and/or exchange materials. The flow rate of each stream does not exceed 20 litre/hour, and the number of vessels is chosen to give the required degree of purificn.. USE/ADVANTAGE - This invention is used in the cleaning of heavily contaminated waste waters, prepn. and/or reclamation of cooling water and general services water, and partic. for decontaminating gases contg. radioactive materials. By subdividing the flow, large vols. of the adsorption, binding, filtration etc. materials can be used without decreasing the efficiency of the process due to the formation of blockages, rat-holes etc. in the treatment materials such as commonly occur in larger vessels.

Description

The invention relates to a device for cleaning high contaminated waste water, processing and / or recovery of cooling and industrial water and especially for decontamination mination of radioactive gases and liquids, the medium to be cleaned standing upright, Flows through containers with adsorption, binder, filter and / or exchange masses are filled.

In previously known devices that is to be cleaned Medium passed through upright containers, the medium to be cleaned contains the adsorption, binder, Flows through filter and / or exchanger masses. From the components to be removed from the medium to be cleaned settle in the adsorption, binder, filter and / or exchange masses, the loading of the Masses in the entrance area is greatest and towards the end is steadily decreasing. This creates one for chromatographic Processes characteristic load profile. However, if the Cross section and the height of the adsorption, binder, Containers that hold filter and / or exchange masses increases by a larger flow rate per unit of time to achieve greater and greater proportions of the masses the formation of nests and flow channels bad ge uses.  

To avoid such interference, different ones constructive solutions developed. For example the adsorption, binder, filter and / or exchangers mass by tubes, mechanical circulation or by gas introduction mixed, making nests and channels continuous Lich dismantled and the contact between the rei nigen medium and the masses is improved. turbulence and revolution, however, change that otherwise solid mass forming load profile between the highly loaded entrance zone and the subsequent areas lower load. With more circulation it comes in usually to an even distribution. In all cases become the ones desired for chromotographic processes Load profiles not reached, however.

The invention has for its object a device for the purification of highly contaminated wastewater, processing and / or recovery of cooling and process water and ins especially for the decontamination of radioactive gases and to create liquids of the type described at the outset, at the loading to be found in the chromatography column profile even with large total volumes of adsorption, Binder, filter and / or exchange masses achieved and the formation of nests and flow channels avoided becomes.

This object is achieved in that the medium to be cleaned several with adsorption, binder, Filter and / or exchange mass led slim containers flows, the medium to be cleaned in at least two Partial streams is divided and each partial stream is several Flows through containers, each of which has the outlet opening of the previous container with the inlet opening of the subsequent container is connected. This allows in simple way with the adsorption, binder, filter and / or exchange-filled containers such  Have size in which without turbulence and circulation the desired Be for chromatographic processes builds up charge profile and ver nests and flow channels be avoided. The flow rate is set to a corresponding value because the total current is divided into several sub-streams. Every partial stream flows through several containers in a row be flowed through, since the outlet opening of the previous Container each with the inlet opening of the subsequent one Container is connected. In the first of the partial stream of course, the largest container flows through Part of the load while the subsequent container be loaded less and less so that the last part container through which electricity flows is hardly loaded. After which the container through which the first flow flows is fully loaded this container can be removed from the partial flow be and at the rear end of the by the partial flow a new container, that has no load yet. The partial flow flows now first through the container, which was previously second Place was arranged and already has a load. After this container is fully loaded, you can this container can also be removed from the partial flow and a new container is attached to the rear end will. This will be done in a simple and reliable manner a complete load of the masses in each individual containers.

That with adsorption, binder, filter and / or off Medium flowing through the tank filled with heat can be divided into such a number of partial flows be that the flow per partial flow 20 l per hour does not exceed. This makes it easy for everyone to point out Partial flow only such a flow rate that everyone Partial flow of the medium to be cleaned in a reliable manner  is cleaned.

Each partial flow can pass through such a number of containers in succession flow that flowed through with the medium to be cleaned last Part of the adsorption, binder, filter and / or exchange mass required degree of purity can be achieved. This will make it easier and reliably the necessary cleaning of the flowing Medium achieved, in the respective first through-flow containers the most important part of the loading and thus the cleaning takes place, while there is hardly any load left in the last flowed through container follows. The final fine cleaning is therefore practically a guarantee Containers with non-loaded adsorption, binder, filter and / or Aus exchanger mass available.

The upright, slim container can be made from one material that cannot be attacked by the medium to be cleaned, such as plastic, stainless steel or the like. Thereby the containers are durable in a simple way.

The upright, slim container can be in the floor give you a free space to collect and / or distribute of the medium to be cleaned to form spacers for the provided adsorption, binder, filter and / or Exchanger mass in the form of a grating, a gravel have beds or the like. This will be done in a simple manner a space is created in the bottom area of the container, in which the medium flowing through the masses collect or can distribute.

The upright, slim container can be attached to his upper end with a finish, especially with a wall ver be closed, the one provided with a connection coupling opening and an outlet opening provided with a connecting coupling having. This can be cleaned in a simple manner Medium into and out of the container be led out, the medium to be cleaned the  Adsorption, binder, filter and / or exchange masses flows through. With the connection couplings at the inlet opening and at the outlet opening is still in a simple way of connecting the containers to one another possible.

When cleaning liquid media, the connection coupling of the outlet opening reaching into the free space Have outlet pipe. This can be done in a simple manner medium to be cleaned are removed from the free space.

In the area of connections between those of one Partial flow through containers can be one or more Vents may be provided. This can make it easier Wise gases escape from the containers.

The top of the container can be vented have valve. This allows gases in a simple manner escape from the container.

The upper end of the container can be one with a Have filler opening that can be closed. Thereby the adsorption, binder, filter and / or exchange masses filled into the container and can also be removed.

The upper end of the container can be closed Have inlet opening for chemical additives. Thereby can easily add chemical additives in the Containers are introduced. Such additives can do this serve to eliminate the parts to be eliminated to influence, to effect the medium to be cleaned or to accelerate.

A gas supply line can be assigned to the container, which is led through the outlet pipe to the free space.  

This gas supply line can be used in a simple manner if the medium to be cleaned is gaseous. The gaseous medium flows through the adsorption, binder, filter and / or off masses of exchange from bottom to top, while liquid media the masses preferably flow from top to bottom. With the gas supply gaseous additives can also be added to the masses, to influence, effect or be the cleaning of the medium accelerate.

The upright, slim containers can be about a length 2.5 m and have a clear width of about 0.25 m. These sizes Order of the container results in a reliable flow of rei nigen medium through the adsorption, binder, filter and / or Aus exchanger masses without nests or flow channels. The Ge total weight of the container is a little under 100 kg, making two People can easily handle the container.

The upright, slim container can have a round cross-section have area. This makes it even in a simple way Flow achieved over the entire cross-sectional area of the container.

The upright, slim container can have a cross-sectional area in Have the shape of an equilateral hexagon. This makes it easier A space-free pushing together of the containers is possible.

The containers can be slidable. This is in one way of adding and removing from the container possible so that after fully loading the in each partial flow of the front container, this one loaded Container removed from the partial flow and a fresh one, not loaded container can be added.

The containers can be provided at their top ends Rollers, especially rollers, hanging on rails ver be slidable. This hanging arrangement of the containers is a simple and reliable move possible.  

The containers can only be moved with the the rollers provided on their upper ends hang on rails, why the support surface provided under the container can be lowered or the rails raised upwards. Thereby is achieved in a simple manner that in the determination proper use of the containers, the containers with their bottoms stand on a support surface. Only if a ver push the container is necessary, the un can Containers provided support surface lowered or the Rail to be lifted upwards. After moving The container can then be placed under the container seen support surface raised or the rail down be lowered so that the containers are then back with theirs Stand up on the support surface.

The container can be a pressure measuring device for monitoring and control tion of the flow pressure and the static pressure. There can easily avoid overpressure in the containers will.

In the drawing, the invention is in one embodiment example shown, namely shows

Fig. 1 shows a device according to the invention for the purification of heavily loaded waste water, in particular for the decontamination of radioactively contaminated liquid speeds, in a schematic representation;

Fig. 2 shows the device in side view,

Fig. 3 one of the medium to be cleaned by flowing container in longitudinal section and

Fig. 4 shows the container in plan view.

The device shown in the drawing is used for  Decontamination of radioactive liquids. Especially at the treatment of cancer patients is given radioactive preparations is sufficient for the objects and objects coming into contact with the patient Radioactively contaminate materials. The one with the patients in Be coming materials, such as wash water, toilets water, rinse water or the like. Therefore, before they are used in the usual way Sewage treatment plant can be decontaminated. This cleaning will made with the device according to the invention.

In the device according to the invention, the medium to be cleaned flows through upright, slim, cylindrical containers 10 , which are filled with adsorption, binder, filter and / or exchange masses 11 . As adsorption, binder, filtering and / or Austauschermassen 11 here is advantageously usable activated carbon, which can erforder handy if be mixed with additives.

As can be seen in particular from FIGS. 3 and 4, the upright, slim, cylindrical container 10 is made from a material that cannot be attacked by the medium to be cleaned, such as plastic, stainless steel or the like. The upright, slim, cylindrical container 10 has a length of approximately 2.5 m and a clear width of approximately 0.25 m. The upright, slim, cylindrical container 10 has a grating 12 at a distance from its bottom for the support of the adsorption, binder, filter and / or exchange masses 11 . This creates a free space 14 in the area of the floor 13 in which the medium to be cleaned can collect after flowing through the adsorption, binder, filter and / or exchange masses 11 . The upright, slim, cylindrical container 10 is closed at its upper end with an end wall 15 ver. This end wall 15 of the container 10 has a fill opening 17 which can be closed with a lid 16 . By this closable with the lid 16 filling opening 17, the adsorption, binder, filtering and / or Austauschermassen 11 may be filled in the container 10 and also removed again.

The end wall 15 of the container has a connection coupling 18 provided with a inlet opening 19 and provided with a connection coupling 20 outlet 21st The connector 20 of the outlet opening 21 is provided with a reaching down to the grating 12 from lassrohr 22 . The liquid medium to be cleaned can thus easily pass through the connection coupling 18 of the inlet opening 19 into the container 10 and flow from top to bottom through the adsorption, binder, filter and / or exchange masses 11 and then to the free space 14 below of the grating 12 arrive and collect and flow out of the container 10 through the outlet pipe 22 of the coupling 20 of the outlet opening 21 . The flow of the liquid medium to be cleaned can be effected by a pump or the like, not shown.

A pressure measuring device 38 for monitoring and controlling the flow pressure and the static pressure is assigned to the container 10 . In order not to exceed a predetermined pressure, the pressure measuring device can thus regulate the pump, not shown in detail.

A vent valve 23 is also provided on the upper end wall 15 of the container 10 , through which the gases which may be present in the container 10 can flow out. The vent valve 23 has a connecting piece 39 so that the gases that may flow out can be fed to a gas manifold, not shown.

Furthermore, on the upper end wall 15 of the container 10 , namely in the lid 16 of the filling opening 17, a closable inlet opening 24 is provided for chemical additives that may be required. With such chemical additives, the deposition of the substances to be separated from the liquid medium to be cleaned can be influenced, supported, effected or accelerated.

The container 10 can also be assigned a gas supply line 25 which is guided through the outlet pipe 22 to below the grating 12 and ends above the grating 12 . This gas supply line 25 can be used to introduce any necessary gaseous additives into the adsorption, binder, filter and / or exchange masses 11 . When cleaning gaseous media, this gaseous medium can also be introduced through this gas supply line 25 into the adsorption, binder, filter and / or exchange masses 11 . The gaseous medium to be cleaned flows through the container 10 from bottom to top.

As can be seen in particular from FIG. 1, the medium to be cleaned passes through a plurality filled with adsorbents, binder, filtering and / or Austauschermassen 11 container 10 in which the to be purified constricting medium is divided into ten partial streams 26 in the illustrated embodiment and each Partial flow 26 flows through five containers 10 , in each of which the outlet opening 21 of the previous loading container 10 is connected to the inlet opening 19 of the subsequent loading container 10 . The medium to be cleaned is fed through a feed line 27 to a storage container 28 , the medium to be cleaned flowing in the direction of arrow 29 with the aid of a pump (not shown). Ten partial flows 26 go from the supply container 28 to the containers 10 , which are filled with adsorption, binder, filter and / or exchange masses 11 . Each partial flow 26 flows through five containers 10 one after the other and then arrives at a collecting container 30 , from which the cleaned medium can then flow off through line 31 in the direction of arrow 32 .

The number of partial flows 26 depends on the flow rate. The medium to be cleaned is divided into such a number of substreams 26 that the flow per substream 26 does not exceed twenty liters per hour. The number of containers to be flowed through in succession from each partial flow is chosen such that the part of the adsorption, binder, filter and / or exchanger mass 11 through which the medium to be cleaned flows last reaches the required degree of purity.

The cylindrical containers 10 through which a partial flow 26 of the medium to be cleaned flows are arranged in a gap with respect to one another in relation to the cylindrical containers 10 through which the adjacent partial flow 26 flows. As a result, the space required for the container 10 is reduced in a simple manner.

When the device is used as intended, the adsorption, binder, filter and / or exchange masses 11 provided in the containers 10 are loaded with the substances to be separated. Due to the size of the container 10 , the loading profile of the masses 11 to be found in chromatography columns is achieved in a simple manner without turbulence and circulation, nests and flow channels being avoided. By each partial flow 26 to only flowed through adsorption, binder, filtering and / or exchanger mass 11 is in this case most be load course, while the less be loaded in the following containers 10 before handenen masses 11 and the existing last container 10 Mass 11 hardly receives a load.

After a certain operating time, the adsorption, binder, filter and / or exchanger mass 11 , which is seen in the container 10 through which the partial flow 26 flows first, is loaded in such a way that further loading is no longer possible. The main part of the loading then takes place in the masses 11 which are provided in the subsequent container 10 . The loading profile thus shifts to the rear, so that loading is also carried out in the container 10 through which flow 26 flows most recently, but then the required degree of purity is no longer achieved. The first part of the stream 26 flowed through tank 10 can now be from the partial stream 26 are removed. For this purpose, the connection coupling 18 of the inlet opening 19 and the connection coupling 20 of the outlet opening 21 from the corresponding, not designated designated connecting lines to be solved and the previous second container 10 is now to be used as the first flow through container 10 for each partial flow 26 . Thus, again after another five containers 10 are each part of stream 26 flows through, and attached to the previous last 10 behind container 10, another container, the mass 11 has still no load. After a certain operating time, the container 10 , that is to say its first adsorption, binder, filter and / or exchanger mass 11 , which is now flowed through by each partial stream 26 , should then be completely loaded, so that the loading profile in turn shifts in such a way that that the required degree of cleaning is no longer ensured. The container through which each partial flow 26 flows first must then be removed again and a new container 10 connected.

In order to facilitate the exchange of the containers 10 , the containers 10 can be displaceable with rollers 33 . As can be seen in particular from FIG. 2, the containers 10 can be moved on rails 34 with rollers 33 provided at their upper ends. So that the containers 10 hang only on rails 34 for displacement with the rollers 33 provided at their upper ends, the support surface 35 provided under the containers 10 can be countersunk or the rails 34 can be raised upwards in the direction of the arrows 36 . In Fig. 1, the movement paths 37 of the container 10 given by the rails 34 are shown with dashed lines. The container 10 , the masses 11 fully loaded and already removed from the partial streams 26 , are parked on the movement path 37 ' . New containers 10 , the masses 11 still have no load, are parked on the movement path 37 '' . After loosening the corresponding connecting lines, container 10 can thus be removed from the partial streams 26 and parked on the movement path 37 ' . New containers 10 , which are parked on the movement path 37 '' , can be added to the partial streams 26 in a simple manner. Characterized a conti nuous loading of the containers 10 provided in the adsorption, binder, filtering and / or Austauschermassen 11 in a simple manner is possible.

As already mentioned, the illustrated embodiment is only a realization of the invention, for example, and this is not restricted to this. Rather, many other versions and modifications are possible. For example, the grating 12 could also be replaced by another device with which the adsorption, binder, filter and / or exchange masses 11 are kept at a distance from the bottom 13 of the container 10 in order to provide a space 14 for collecting and / or To distribute the medium to be cleaned. For example, the adsorption, binder, filter and / or exchange mass 11 could also be kept at a distance from the bottom 13 of the container 10 with a gravel bed or the like. Furthermore, it is also possible to provide the vent valves 23 not in the upper end wall 15 of the container 10 , but in the connecting lines not shown in more detail between two adjacent containers 10 , especially since they represent the highest point in the system.

Reference symbol list

10 containers
11 mass
12 grating
13 floor
14 free space
15 end wall
16 lids
17 filling opening
18 connecting coupling
19 inlet opening
20 connection coupling
21 outlet opening
22 outlet pipe
23 vent valve
24 inlet opening
25 gas supply line
26 partial flow
27 feed line
28 storage containers
29 arrow
30 collecting containers
31 leaders
32 arrow
33 rolls
34 rails
35 contact surface
36 arrow
37 trajectory
38 pressure measuring device
39 connecting piece

Claims (19)

1. Device for the purification of highly contaminated wastewater, on processing and / or recovery of cooling and industrial water and in particular for the decontamination of radioactive gases and liquids, the medium to be cleaned upright flowing through containers with adsorption, binder, filter - And / or exchange masses are filled, characterized in that the medium to be cleaned flows through several slim containers ( 10 ) filled with adsorption, binder, filter and / or exchange masses ( 11 ), the medium to be cleaned in at least two partial flows (26) set is divided and each part stream (26) flows through a plurality of containers (10) in each of which the outlet opening (21) of the preceding container (10) is connected to the inlet opening (19) of the subsequent container (10). 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the with the adsorption, binder, filter and / or exchange masses ( 11 ) filled container ( 10 ) by flowing medium is divided into such a number of partial flows ( 26 ) that the flow per partial flow ( 26 ) does not exceed 20 liters per hour. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each partial stream ( 26 ) successively flows through such a number of containers ( 10 ) that with the last flowed through by the medium to be cleaned part of the adsorption, binder, filter and / or exchange masses ( 11 ) the required degree of purity can be achieved. 4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the upright, slim container ( 10 ) is made of a material such as plastic, stainless steel or the like which cannot be attacked by the medium to be cleaned. 5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the upright, slender container ( 10 ) in the bottom area a space ( 14 ) for collecting and / or distributing the medium to be cleaned, the spacer for the above provided adsorption, Binder, filter and / or exchanger mass ( 11 ) in the form of a grating ( 14 ), a gravel bed or the like. 6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the upright, slender container ( 10 ) is closed at its upper end with a closure, in particular with a wall ( 15 ) having an inlet opening provided with a connecting coupling ( 18 ) ( 19 ) and has an outlet opening ( 21 ) provided with a connecting coupling ( 20 ). 7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that during the cleaning of liquid media, the connection coupling ( 20 ) of the outlet opening ( 21 ) has an outlet tube ( 22 ) extending into the free space ( 14 ). 8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that one or more vents ( 23 ) are provided in the region of the connections between each of a partial flow ( 26 ) through flowing containers ( 10 ). 9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the upper end ( 15 ) of the container ( 10 ) has a vent valve ( 23 ). 10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the outer closure ( 15 ) of the container ( 10 ) has a bare filling opening ( 17 ) which is closed with a lid ( 16 ). 11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the upper end ( 15 ) of the container ( 10 ) has a closable inlet opening ( 24 ) for chemical additives. 12. The device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the container ( 10 ) is associated with a gas supply line ( 25 ) which is guided through the outlet pipe ( 22 ) into the free space ( 14 ). 13. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the upright, slender container ( 10 ) have a length of about 2.5 m and a clear width of about 0.25 m. 14. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the upright, slim container ( 10 ) has a round cross-sectional area. 15. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the upright, slim container ( 10 ) has a cross-sectional area in the form of an equilateral hexagon. 16. The device according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the containers ( 10 ) are slidable ver. 17. The apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that the containers ( 10 ) with at their upper ends before seen rolling elements, in particular rollers ( 33 ), are displaceable hanging on rails ( 34 ). 18. The apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the containers ( 10 ) hang only for displacement with the rollers ( 33 ) provided at their upper ends on rails ( 34 ), for which purpose the support surface ( 35 ) provided under the containers ( 10 ) can be lowered or the rails ( 34 ) can be raised upwards. 19. Device according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the container ( 10 ) is assigned a pressure measuring device ( 38 ) for monitoring and control of the flow pressure.