DE3912389A1 - BEARING FOR A TURNBODY, ESPECIALLY A FLYWHEEL COUPLABLE WITH A DRIVE UNIT AND A DRIVELINE - Google Patents

Abstract

The bearings for a flywheel in the transmission of a heavy truck have safety devices in case of defects in the ball or roller bearings to act as substitute plain bearings when they fail. ADVANTAGE - This ensures that defective or out-of-truth running of the flywheel have no serious negative effects.

Description

The invention relates to a bearing for a wheel-like Rotary body, especially one with a drive unit and / or a drive train that can be coupled to a flywheel.

Such rotating bodies are usually via dome or roller bearings in appropriately trained bearings recordings are installed, stored. Problems arise such bearings on when a camp z. B. because of oil eats due to lack of or damaged rollers or balls. Without appropriate security measures could be used in such cases expensive consequential damage cannot be avoided. Said camp Damage or other defects can also cause dezen trierung or a running anomaly of the rotating body, for. B. cause a stagger, which is because of the inevitable ver strengthening effect also to extremely critical operation conditions, at worst to destroy the rotary body pers and the surrounding housing can lead if unsuitable countermeasures have been taken.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide storage for one to create wheel-like rotating body in which there is bearing defective or a decentration or running anomaly of the Rota tion body can not have a negative impact.

This object is achieved by the in claim 1 specified measures solved.  

Safety devices are to be attached to the rotating body ordered, in the case of defects leading to decentration in the bearings but other parts of the rotating body or other running anomalies of the latter and become effective ring-shaped arranged at suitable exposed locations Catch organs are formed, which if necessary as a replacement bearing slidably rotating body, if necessary to stand still.

Because of this replacement bearing function of the catch organs are adverse consequential damage in the vicinity of the rotating body practically excluded.

Advantageous details of the invention are in the sub claims marked.

By providing the roller or ball bearings the safety sockets with predetermined breaking points are simple means achieves the goal that in the event of eating one roller or ball bearing practically by another Storage for a limited time alternatively the storage of the Rotational body is taken over. So there is bigger damage safely avoidable. The security measures and the measures to their twist-proof arrangement and to create the Breakage cross-sections fall almost at all in terms of cost not weight and relativize because of the large Si safety function and preventable consequential costs oh anyway as meaningless.  

By providing the catch drum or catch sleeves is si cher ensures that the rotating body when too strong radial expansion is braked, d. that is, one to the be said widening of the rotating body leading limit rotation number cannot be exceeded.

The fact that the rotating body catcher on the front ben are assigned, for example due to La wobbling movements of the rotary body pers do not have a negative impact because the amplitudes of the rashes are limited by the catch discs.

The solution according to the invention is shown below by way of example hand of the drawing explained in more detail. In the drawing demonstrate

Fig. 1, 2 and 3 largely schematically each show a section through a flywheel,

Fig. 4 shows an enlarged section from the area of the bearing of the flywheel, and

Fig. 5, 6, 7 and 8 each have a largely diagrammatic section through a flywheel having ver various embodiments of Fangor Ganen for the flywheel.

The invention relates to a bearing of a wheel-like Rota tion body. Among such bodies of revolution are by De finition to provide such components that have a Rotate axis of rotation and one rotatioszy to the latter have a lindric outer surface. This includes all types of impellers such as flywheels, turbine wheels, compressors wheels and the like.

The invention is described with reference to the drawing in connection with a high-speed rotating flywheel. In the applications shown in FIGS. 1 to 8, this can be brought into and out of operative connection by means of a clutch K 1 with a drive unit 2 or by means of a clutch K 2 with a drive train 3 . 4 with a connecting shaft between the drive unit 2 and clutch K 1 is designated. The connecting shaft between the drive train 3 and the clutch K 2 is designated 5 . Both connecting shafts 4, 5 are coaxial with the axis of rotation of the flywheel 1 .

The drive unit 2 can be an internal combustion engine and / or an electric motor. The drive unit 2 can be the drive source of a motor vehicle, in particular commercial vehicles such as trucks, buses, or other devices to be driven.

In the associated drive train 3 is a continuously variable transmission, particularly a continuously variable hydrostatisch- mechanical power split transmission with Planetendif axle differential and two hydrostatic machines 3/1 3/2, 3/3, and connected to the final drive planetary differential 3/1 3/4 strand.

The flywheel 1 forms, in conjunction with the hydrostatic-mechanical power split transmission 3/1, 3/2, 3/3, a gyro storage device as part of a braking energy recovery device. The kinetic energy generated during braking on the Achsan powertrain 3/4 is saved in the flywheel 1 while increasing the speed via the power split transmission 3/1, 3/2, 3/3 (with the drive unit 2 uncoupled). This stored energy can then, for. B. for starting and accelerating the vehicle, lifting loads and the like, from the flywheel 1 again via the gear 3/1, 3/2, 3/3 to the final drive strand 3/4 .

In the applications of FIG. 1 to 8 is the momentum wheel 1 in a housing 6 mounted, the surfaces of two Seitenwän Figures 7, 8 and a transverse wall 9 with kreisringzylindrischer, coaxially arranged to the connection shafts 4, 5 Innenflä is limited 9/1 . On each side wall 7, 8 , a bearing eye 10, 11 is provided, in which a ball or roller bearing 12, 13 surrounded by a safety bush 14, 15 is installed for mounting the flywheel 1 .

Each ball or roller bearing 12, 13 sits in the application shown firmly mounted on a shoulder pin 16, 17 of an otherwise approximately cup-shaped bearing bush 18, 19 , in each of which a connecting shaft 4 or 5 extends into the interior and the switching and clutch elements one of the clutches K 1 and K 2 are accommodated. Both Lagerbuch sen 18, 19 thus simultaneously form housing of the couplings K 1 , K 2 , are made by turning and / or grinding from high-strength material, in particular steel material, and are combined with the switching and clutch elements of the clutch already built into them K 1 or K 2 and the connecting shaft 4 or 5 in a coaxial in the hub 22 of the flywheel 1 given mounting hole 20 or 21 installed with a tight fit. The hub 22 has a two on the bore holes 20, 21 separating the central wall 23 , on the parallel and perpendicular to the axis of rotation extending side walls 24 and 25, the two bearing bushes 18 and 19 are axially supported in the installed position. In the central through hole 26 of the middle wall 23 , the two connecting shafts 4, 5 are supported with their inner ends directly or in bearings used there.

However, the clutches K 1 , K 2 do not necessarily have to be accommodated within the flywheel 1 . The couplings K 1 , K 2 could also be outside of the flywheel 1 and its bearings 12, 13 or even outside of the housing 6 .

For the application of the flywheel 1 as Energiespei cher it proves to be useful if at least the clutch K 2 is installed in the flywheel 1 .

The hub 22 of the flywheel 1 can - as shown in Fig. 1 - be made in one piece from a comparatively light, but hochfe most, high-density material, in particular ceramic, such as zirconium oxide, or metal ceramic and then - if necessary after an additional grinding process - A rotating cylindrical outer surface 27 running exactly to the axis of rotation.

As an alternative to this - see FIGS. 2 and 5 - on the hub 22 of the flywheel 1, a rotating cylindrical outer surface 27 which runs exactly with respect to its axis of rotation can be provided by grinding or overturning a metal layer 28 which is made in one piece from ceramic, such as Zirconium oxide or metal- ceramic base body 22/1 produced can be applied in a suitable process.

In a further alternative, the hub 22 of the flywheel 1 can also be composed of a number of prefabricated individual parts. As apparent from Fig. 3, 6, 7 and 8, can initially two parts 22/2 and 22/3 provide ge. The inner part 22/2 can be made of a suitable metal material, in particular steel material. Preferably, however, both individual parts 22/2, 22/3 are initially made of ceramic, such as zirconium oxide or metal ceramic, each in one piece and then each provided with a metal layer 29 or 30 . Then the metal layer 29 on part 22/2 , optionally also the through hole in part 22/3 , mechanically, for. B. treated by grinding or honing. The parts 22/2 and 22/3 are then firmly connected to one another in the region of the metal layer 29 and via this. Then this so united part ver works on the outside of the metal layer 30 , z. B. by grinding, such that the then finished hub 22 results in the rotationally fender rotationally cylindrical outer surface 27 .

On this prefabricated hub 22 , a solid outer ring 31 made of a high-strength, tough metal alloy, in particular steel alloy, is shrunk as the actual flywheel mass, in a special way, which gives a high guarantee against bursting of the flywheel 1 . The diameter of the inner through bore 32 in the outer ring 31 and the outer surface 27 on the hub 22 in the manufacture of these water parts are matched to one another in such a way that after the shrinking of the outer ring 31 , that is to say after its heating and consequent expansion, subsequent mounting on the hub 22 and subsequent cooling with the resulting contraction, in the outer ring 31 a voltage sets or prevails, which is always greater than the counter-tension caused by the centrifugal forces at the maximum speed of the flywheel 1 . A dissolution of the shrink bandage is therefore impossible under normal operating conditions. Finally, the flywheel 1 on its outside 31/1 is turned or ground for exact concentricity.

In order to avoid the occurrence of excessive speeds, e.g. B. in the event of failure of certain control functions in the drive system, the flywheel 1 experiences permanent damage, the flywheel 1 is assigned Lich related parts of a safety device.

In the cases according to FIGS. 1 to 3 and 6, this is a dimensionally stable circular-cylindrical catching drum 33 . This is optionally on its outer and inner surface with slidable plastic, eg. B. PTFE, coated, also with slight ter friction in the housing 6 , there fitted to the circular cylindrical inner surface 9/1 of the transverse wall 9 and around with its circular cylindrical inner surface 33/3 with the flywheel 1 in normal condition, this outside with GE ringem Distance (in the order of tenths of a millimeter). As soon as the flywheel 1 expands too much, it comes to the catch drum 33 to the system and is braked, where appropriate, the friction of the catch drum 33 in the housing 6 is overcome and this is set into rotation. In any case, breakage of the flywheel 1 is effectively avoided.

As an alternative to the catch drum 33 , two circular cylindrical catch sleeves 33/1, 33/2 can also be provided as catch elements. These catch sleeves 33/1, 33/2 are - as can be seen from FIGS . 5 and 7 - axially fixed, but rotatably with slight friction in the circular cylindrical inner surface 9/1 of the housing transverse wall 9 . These Fanghül sen 33/1, 33/2 are optionally on their outer and inner surface with slidable plastic, for. B. PTFE coated. In the installed position, these catch sleeves 33/1, 33/2 with their circular-cylindrical inner surface 33/4, 33/5 are spaced apart by such a ring dimension (of the order of tenths of a millimeter) from the outer surface 31/1 of the flywheel 1 that the flywheel is wheeled 1 if the radial expansion at the Fanghül sen 33/1, 33/2 comes to rest and is braked by them. The friction of the catch sleeves 33/1, 33/2 in the housing 9 can be overcome and these can be set in rotation.

In order to avoid harmful effects in the event of decentration or other running anomalies of the flywheel 1 , annular catch disks 46, 47 are provided as white parts of the safety device. These are fixed on the inside of the Seitenwän the 7, 8 of the housing 6 and take between their facing inner surfaces 46/1, 47/1 on the flywheel 1 . The said inner surfaces 46/1, 47/1 are spaced from the facing end faces 1/1 and 1/2 on the flywheel 1 by such a small amount (sizes order tenths of a millimeter) that in the event of a decentration or running anomaly, for example a wobble movement the flywheel 1 this is supported laterally supported. By providing the side catch discs 46, 47 , the amplitude of any lateral deflection of the flywheel 1 is thus limited.

The two catching disks 46, 47 , as can be seen from FIG. 6, arranged on the two end faces of the catching drum 33 , or, as shown in FIG. 7, one of the two catching sleeves 33/1, 33/2 on each end face be. The two catch washers 46, 47 can, however, as shown in FIG. 8, each with one of the two catch sleeves 33/1 and 33/2 be combined to form a one-piece construction.

In order to reduce the friction, the housing 6 is filled with inert gas, in particular helium. In this case, the spaces 48, 49, 50 delimited radially and at the end on the periphery of the flywheel 1 in the housing - as can be seen from FIGS . 5, 7 and 8 - via connecting channels 51 , which the catch sleeves 33/1, 33/2 and trap washers 46, 47 penetrate, or alternatively, connecting cables 52 laid outside the housing 6 are in communication with one another in order to enable temperature compensation between the gases which heat up differently in the spaces 48, 49, 50 .

The roller or slide bearings 12, 13 are further points of uncertainty in the area of the bearing of the flywheel 1 . These could overheat, for example due to a lack of oil or worn or damaged balls or rollers, and in the worst case eat or block. In order to avoid consequential damage in such a case, the safety bushings 14 and 15 already mentioned above are provided as further parts of the safety device. These safety sockets 14 and 15 either consist entirely of slidable plastic, for. B. PTFE, or are only coated with PTFE. These safety sockets 14 and 15 are used with friction - as can be seen in detail in FIG. 4 - in the mounting holes 10/1 and 11/1 of the bearing eyes 10, 11 , but additionally also secured against rotation and have predetermined breaking points outside the actual carrying area on. To prevent rotation, holes 34 are provided in the bottom 35, 36 of the respective bearing eye 10 or 11, for example, into which a safety bushing 14 or 15 engages in the installed position with finger-shaped projections 37 provided on the end thereof. These projections 37 also form the predetermined breaking points, that is, the total cross section of the projections 37 in the shear plane is dimensioned such that at a particular th in the circumferential direction outside on the respective bearing 12 or 13 acting and an indication of the seizure of the latter is tangential force the projections 37 sheared who and then the bearing of the flywheel 1 in the area of the eaten bearing 12 and 13 is taken over by the rotating and acting as a replacement bearing safety bushing 14 and 15 respectively. Eating a bearing 12 or 13 can also by sensors, for. B. temperature sensors, detected and forwarded to control devices for switching off the flywheel drive (actuation of K 1 or K 2 ).

The connection and disconnection of the flywheel 1 from or to the drive unit 2 or the drive train 3 is carried out by the advantageously within the flywheel 1 itself un accommodated clutches K 1 , K 2 by hydraulic actuation or relief from switching or Coupling members 38, 39 via internally the respective bearing bush 18 or 19 limited pressure chambers 40, 41 and given pressure medium channels 42, 43 , which are connected to external pressure medium supply or pressure relief organs 44, 45 .

Seen overall, this is a burstproof, compact, well stored, safe to leave in emergencies and on structurally favorable and space-saving way with one drive Unit or drive train can be coupled or uncoupled Flywheel created.

Claims (12)

1. Storage for a wheel-like rotary body, such as a flywheel that can be coupled with a drive train and / or drive unit, characterized in that the rotary body ( 1 ) is assigned safety devices which, in the event of defects in the bearings ( 12, 13 ) leading to decentration. or other parts of the rotating body or other running anomalies of the latter take effect and are formed by appropriately exposed ring-shaped catch elements ( 14, 15, 33, 33/1, 33/2, 46, 47 ), which are necessary if necessary As a replacement bearing, the rotating body ( 1 ) can be supported in a sliding manner, if necessary until it comes to a standstill. 2. Storage for a wheel-like rotary body according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotary body by ( 1 ) via ball or roller bearings ( 12, 13 ) surrounded by slidable safety bushings ( 14, 15 ) and in bearing receptacles ( 10, 11 ) are installed, is mounted, the safety bushes serving as catch elements ( 14, 15 ) having predetermined breaking points and after breaking the latter as a result of the forces occurring when a ball or roller bearing ( 12, 13 ) is being eaten, acting as a replacement bearing. 3. Bearing for a wheel-like rotary body according to claim 2, characterized in that the rotary body by ( 1 ) has a hub ( 22 ) and two coaxial bearing bushes ( 18, 19 ) which bore in a corresponding receptacle ( 20, 21 ) are inserted in the hub ( 31 ) and bear the ball or roller bearings ( 12, 13 ) on outer shoulder pins ( 16, 17 ), in a housing ( 6 ) in which there are bearing eyes ( 10, 11 ). 4. Bearing for a wheel-like rotating body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the roller or ball bearings ( 12 or 13 ) surrounding safety bushings ( 14 or 15 ) either entirely made of slidable plastic PTFE or only coated with PTFE are and with slight friction inserted into the mounting hole ( 10/1 or 11/1 ) of the bearing mount ( 10, 11 ) and are additionally secured against rotation and have the predetermined breaking points outside the actual carrying area. 5. Storage for a wheel-like rotary body according to claim 4, characterized in that for the anti-rotation protection of the safety bushings ( 14 and 15 ) on the end of the latter finger-shaped projections ( 37 ) are given, which in holes ( 34 ) in the bottom ( 35 or 36 ) of the respective bearing receptacle ( 10 or 11 ) intervene, and that the finger-shaped projections ( 37 ) simultaneously form the predetermined breaking points, such that their total cross section in the shear plane is dimensioned such that at a certain circumferential direction on the bearing ( 12 or 13 ) acting and an indication of the tangential force representing the latter, the projections ( 37 ) are sheared off and then the bearing of the rotating body ( 1 ) in the area of the eaten bearing ( 12 or 13 ) from the safety bushing set in rotation ( 14 or 15 ) is adopted. 6. Storage for a wheel-like rotary body according to claim 1, characterized in that a circular cylindrical catching drum ( 33 ) is provided as the catch element, which is rotatably received with slight friction in the circular cylindrical inner surface ( 9/1 ) of the housing transverse wall ( 9 ) and with its circular cylindrical inner surface ( 33/3 ) by such a small amount from the outer surface ( 31/1 ) of the rotary body ( 1 ) that the latter comes to rest on the catch drum ( 33 ) in the event of excessive radial expansion and from this is radially supported and braked smoothly. 7. Storage for a wheel-like rotary body according to claim 1, characterized in that two circular cylindrical catch sleeves ( 33/1, 33/2 ) are provided as catch elements, which are axially fixed and rotatable with slight friction in the circular cylindrical inner surface ( 9/1 ) the housing transverse wall ( 9 ) are received and with their inner cylindrical surfaces ( 33/4, 33/5 ) are spaced by such a small amount from the outer surface ( 31/1 ) of the rotary body ( 1 ) that the latter is too strong radial expansion on the catch sleeves ( 33/1, 33/2 ) comes to rest and is braked by these radially supported sliding. 8. Storage for a wheel-like rotary body according to claim 1, characterized in that two annular catch disks ( 46, 47 ) are provided as farg organs, which are fixed on the inside on the housing side walls ( 7, 8 ) and are supported between them facing one another In nenflächen ( 46/1, 47/1 ) take up the rotating body ( 1 ) and are spaced from its respective facing end face ( 1/1, 1/2 ) by such a small amount that in the event of decentration or running anomaly, example, wobble movement of the rotary body ( 1 ) which is supported in a sliding manner since it is supported. 9. Storage for a wheel-like rotary body according to claims 6 and 8, characterized in that the catch discs ( 46, 47 ) are arranged on the two end faces of the catch drum ( 33 ). 10. Storage for a wheel-like rotary body according to claims 7 and 8, characterized in that each of the two catch discs ( 46, 47 ) on one of the two catch sleeves ( 33/1, 33/2 ) is arranged on the end face. 11. Storage for a wheel-like rotary body according to claim 10, characterized in that a catch disc ( 46, 47 ) with a catch sleeve ( 33/1, 33/2 ) is combined to egg nem one-piece component. 12. Bearing for a wheel-like rotary body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the case of a housing ( 6 ) filled with inert gas, for example helium, the radially and frontally in front of the rotary body ( 1 ) given spaces ( 48, 49, 50 ) In the housing for the purpose of temperature compensation via internal connecting channels ( 51 ) or externally of the housing ( 6 ), connecting cables ( 52 ) laid in communication with each other.