DE3800099A1 - Pistonless internal combustion engine (diaphragm motor) - Google Patents

Abstract

Pistonless internal combustion engine (diaphragm motor), especially as prime mover for motor vehicles. In conventional reciprocating piston engines, damage and malfunctions, which sometimes seriously impair the functioning and the service life of the engines, occur on cylinders, pistons and piston rings due to sealing and lubrication problems. In order to solve these problems, the piston reciprocating in the cylinder of the reciprocating piston engine, which piston serves for movably sealing off the combustion chamber (number 16 of the drawing) from the crankcase, is replaced by a fixed, unlubricated diaphragm (4). The pressure applied to the diaphragm (4) by the heat energy of the combustion gases (14) is converted in a hydraulic cylinder (1) filled with a hydraulic fluid (3) into hydraulic energy and thence into mechanical energy by the hydraulic piston (2) moved in the hydraulic cylinder (1) by that hydraulic energy. <IMAGE>

Description

1. Title

Pistonless internal combustion engine (membrane engine)

2. Genre of the object of registration

The invention relates to a pistonless internal combustion engine (Membrane motor), especially as a prime mover for Motor vehicles.

3. State of the art and criticism

The motor vehicles used in road traffic today are used almost exclusively with internal combustion engines driven, which are designed as reciprocating machines. Other types, such as. For example, the rotary piston engine no more prevail than battery-electric ones Drives. The combustion engines in the others too Areas of application work according to the reciprocating piston principle.

The development and manufacture of the reciprocating engines is complex, especially as cylinders, pistons and piston rings very large demands and despite all efforts also exposed to high wear and often the cause for disorders are. The piston in the combustion chamber engines by the cylinder, the cylinder head cover and the piston is formed, high combustion pressures arise and combustion temperatures. The mobile and possible Long-lasting sealing of the combustion chamber to the crank Housing through the piston is of particular importance.  

The materials and their design are therefore great Requirements, namely great strength and Dimensional rigidity, good thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion, good sliding properties, careful processing of the sliding surfaces and trouble-free lubrication.

Can in the combustion chamber of the reciprocating engine the following damage and faults occur according to the method, which be the functionality and life of the engine impair:

cylinder

On the cylinder running surfaces, increasing Be significant wear and tear with the consequence that the combustion chamber is not from the piston more can be fully sealed. The lubricating oil consumption gets higher because oil gets into the combustion chamber and there is burned. Also unburned fuel gets into it Crankcase; the oil there is diluted and loses its lubricity. As a result of the increasing Wear on the cylinder barrel reduces compression, fuel consumption increases and performance of the engine is reduced. Wear of the cylinder tread also leads to so-called piston tipping and thus to ge noisier engine running. Harmful combustion residues also cause increased cylinder wear career. At low temperatures the combustion engine for the cold start fed a rich mixture; non-gassed fuel, however, washes the lubricating film off the Cylinder wall off, so that the cylinder tread a stronger Are subject to wear.

piston

Dirty air filters, jammed float valve and defective automatic start can lead to fuel flooding lead in the cylinder; Egrets and piston eaters are the ones Episode. Piston damage is also caused by incorrect ones  Spark plugs, incorrect carburetor setting, lack of oil or unsuitable lubricating oil, overheating of the pistons due to late ignition, excessive fuel supply, poor engine cooling.

Piston rings

The compression rings are responsible for the fine sealing of the Ver combustion chamber opposite the crankcase; you are strong stressed but not optimally lubricable; you are therefore also a high degree of corrosion and wear exposed.

The wear of the piston rings leads to a loss of performance and increased oil consumption.

4th task

The invention has for its object in the after the stroke piston principle working internal combustion engines in the Cylinder reciprocating piston that acts as a movable Sealing the combustion chamber to the crankcase, to be replaced by a fixed membrane and thereby the Development and manufacture of combustion engines ver simple as well as their susceptibility to wear and malfunction reduce.

5. Solution

This object is achieved in that

• - A consisting of fuel or a fuel-air mixture and compressed fresh gas ( Fig. 2 number 13) in a combustion chamber ( 16 ) in a single-acting hydraulic cylinder ( 1 ) through a membrane ( 4 ) from the hydra lik fluid ( 3rd ) is inflamed,
• - the resulting heat energy of the combustion gases (Figure 3, item. 14) by the membrane (4) and the hydraulic liquid located behind it in the hydraulic cylinder (1) Rate (3) pressure generated in hydraulic energy
• - And then this is converted into mechanical energy by the hydraulic piston ( 2 ) moved by it in the hydraulic cylinder ( 1 ).

6. Achievable benefits

The advantages that can be achieved with the invention are, in particular, that through the use of a membrane as an immovable and lubrication-free seal between the combustion chamber and the crankcase, a complete and permanent seal is achieved, and thus wear and malfunction in the combustion chamber is reduced and the elaborate design and manufacture of moving and stationary parts is no longer necessary.

7. Description of the embodiment

An embodiment of the invention is in the drawing shown and described in more detail below.

• The reference symbols mean 1 hydraulic cylinder
  2 hydraulic pistons
  3 hydraulic fluid
  4 membranes
  5 suction pipe
  6 exhaust pipe
  7 inlet valve
  8 outlet valve
  9 spark plug
  10 connecting rod
  11 crankshaft
  12 fresh gas
  13 Compressed fresh gas
  14 combustion gases
  15 waste gases
  16 combustion chamber

The pistonless internal combustion engine works as follows:

An Otto four-stroke engine is shown and described. The four bars of the exemplary embodiment are:

• Suction ( Fig. 1),
  Compacting ( Fig. 2),
  Working ( Fig. 3) and
  Eject ( Fig. 4).

1st stroke - suction ( Fig. 1)

The hydraulic piston located in the hydraulic cylinder (1) (2) sucks in its descending walking to the hydraulic liquid (3) and hence the diaphragm (4). The membrane ( 4 ) consists of an extremely flexible and heat-resistant material. With the enlargement of the combustion chamber ( 16 ) above the membrane ( 4 ), the fresh gas ( 12 ), which forms in the carburetor or with the help of the injection system as an ignitable fuel-air mixture, through the suction pipe ( 5 ) and that Intake valve ( 7 ) sucked into the combustion chamber ( 16 ).

2nd stroke - compression ( Fig. 2)

During its upward movement, the piston ( 2 ) presses the hydraulic fluid ( 3 ) and thus also the diaphragm ( 4 ) upwards. The combustion chamber ( 16 ) located above the membrane ( 4 ) shrinks and the fresh gas ( 12 ) is compressed.

3rd bar - work ( Fig. 3)

The combustion of the fresh gas ( 12 ) compressed in the combustion chamber ( 16 ) is triggered by the spark of the spark plug ( 9 ). The combustion gases also expand and push the membrane ( 4 ), the hydraulic fluid ( 3 ) and thus the piston ( 2 ) downwards, the heat energy being converted into mechanical work. The crankshaft ( 11 ) converts the reciprocating movement of the piston ( 2 ) into a rotary movement via the connecting rod ( 10 ).

4th bar - expelling ( Fig. 4)

During its upward movement, the piston ( 2 ) presses the hydraulic fluid ( 3 ) and the membrane ( 4 ) upwards. The combustion chamber ( 16 ) located above the membrane ( 4 ) is thereby reduced, and the residues of the old gases ( 15 ) are expelled through the exhaust valve ( 8 ) into the exhaust pipe ( 6 ).

Claims (1)

Pistonless internal combustion engine (membrane engine), in particular as a drive machine for motor vehicles, characterized in that

• - ignited fuel or a fuel-air mixture in a combustion chamber, which is separated from the hydraulic fluid by a membrane in a single-acting hydraulic cylinder,
• - The resulting thermal energy of the combustion gases by the pressure generated on the membrane and the hydraulic fluid behind it in the cylinder in hydraulic energy
• - and then converted into mechanical energy by the piston it moves in the cylinder.