DE3743203A1 - Wheel-guide unit - Google Patents

Abstract

There serves for wheel guidance a telescopic unit (2, 9) which is arranged on the frame (1) and of which the telescopic part (9) serving as a wheel-guide element is arranged rotatably about the telescope axis and is positively coupled to a steering transmission (15', 15'') which is pivotable about the telescope axis and which is arranged vertically immovably and can be mounted preferably in different planes. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a wheel guide unit for vehicles with a spring-loaded bracket on the vehicle body or frame ten, each designed as a telescopic strut, its part that can be telescoped in the spring and rebound direction as an unsprung wheel guide element, the bearing assembly of the the individual wheel assigned to the respective shock absorber or Independent wheel unit holds.

Occasionally there is a desire for heavy vehicles Use independent suspensions, as already at Armored vehicles are used in the military.

These are suspension systems that are designed for Cars are generally known and in use. In these systems, the wheels are made using Led. This construction allows the Middle area of the chassis underside with comparatively to be arranged close to the ground, because one in the middle of the vehicle longitudinal drive train, which over Cardan shafts are connected to the drive wheels, relatively can be arranged immovable to the vehicle. However comparatively much space for the wheel suspension systems the vehicle sides, i.e. in the vehicle transverse direction stands for load-bearing frame parts on the underside of the vehicle or the like. little space available, especially then if there are many axes or axis lines in close succession must be arranged.

To make matters worse, it is to ensure a adequate maneuverability of the vehicle regularly is required, the axes or axis lines predominantly to train as steering axles. To control the vehicle very elaborate steering linkages are required because the Handlebars take over the wheels when entering and leaving Rebound on more or less pronounced circular paths  to lead. To avoid excessive steering angle errors, must So the linkage required for the steering drive, such as tie rods or the like., be divided multiple times if guaranteed is that the wheel-side rod parts when turning on and off comparable circular paths as the wheel on the wheel describe management elements. In addition to being more complicated th construction disadvantageous that for the steering linkage in Consider a lot of free space with regard to the suspension strokes is done.

Independent wheel suspensions are known for heavy dump trucks, in which telescopic units designed as struts each with one end fixed to the vehicle body or -frames are arranged such that for in and Extension direction of telescopic parts of these units no control arm or the like. are needed. The wheel guidance is made exclusively by the telescopic parts accepted. To be able to steer the wheels, the telesko Pierbaren parts rotatably arranged and on their wheel-side Provide ends with steering levers attached to a steering linkage are coupled. Here comparatively large steering winches errors due to the wheel side Steering linkage ends when the wheels compress and rebound describe a circular path while the telescopic Parts of the struts are moved linearly along their axis.

The object of the invention is now a wheel guide assembly to create, which is characterized by a particularly low Space requirements for the elements for the wheel guidance as well for the steering elements.

This task is done with a wheel guide unit at the beginning specified type solved in that the telescopic part pivotable about its telescopic axis and with one around Telescopic axis rotatable steering entry is forcibly coupled,  which is unsprungable relative to the vehicle body or frame or is arranged vertically immovable.

The invention is based on the general idea that Steering linkage or the like. no suspension strokes of the wheel need to participate if those who are used to guide the wheel telescopic parts relative to steering entry elements axially displaceable, but with non-rotatable coupling the telescopic axis are arranged. That is at the same time ensures that the steering entry during suspension strokes of the respective wheel immobile their set position can maintain, but remains with suspension strokes each set steering angle regardless of the respective Suspension stroke constant. Furthermore, the constructive structure of the steering drive, for example one Steering linkage, because the steering kinematics is through the Suspension strokes in no way affected, i.e. Suspension strokes can be ignored in the construction of the steering.

Due to the construction of the wheel guide according to the invention aggregates, for example, it is easily possible the steering wheels on each side of the vehicle via a separate, Linkage extending in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle couple. For the drive connection of the two linkages one strand in the vehicle is usually sufficient tie rod arranged transversely; if necessary also several tie rods on selected axles or axles lines are arranged. In this way it becomes possible created extremely large closed cross to provide cuts for the vehicle frame.

Basically, it is also possible to only use one vehicle side a linkage running in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle arrange the strand of the steering wheels of this vehicle  side couples with each other, while the steering wheels of the other Vehicle side in each case in the vehicle transverse direction arranged tie rod with the steering wheel of the same axle line are coupled on one side of the vehicle.

Mixed solutions are also conceivable in which along some axles on both sides of the vehicle direction extended and together by one or a few Tie rods coupled linkage strands are provided; with other groups of axles, one can then turn on the steering a linkage running on one side of the vehicle is provided be, the wheels of the other side of the vehicle in turn via tie rods with the directly to the linkage coupled steering wheels are connected in terms of steering.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the The wheel guide assembly according to the invention is provided that the telescopic part in the same area wise encasing, vertically immovable cylindrical Part rotatably but axially movable, which at least at its two axial end regions is indirectly connectable to a steering entry. In order to the very advantageous possibility is created, steering to accommodate drive elements in different levels, for example, about steering linkage parts above or below heavy duty frame parts. In this way can often be avoided that on heavy-duty Frame parts openings for elements of the steering linkage must be provided. For example, have crane travels witness so-called support boxes. These are too extendable booms on the vehicle sides, with which the Vehicle frame during crane work on the vehicle sides is additionally supported. Since the support boxes are telescopic must be pushed out in the transverse direction of the vehicle, there is no way through the for the outrigger  boxes required space rod parts or the like. through respectively.

According to an expedient embodiment of the invention Wheel guide unit can be provided that as a telesko pbare wheel guide element one on one axially Piston rod supported on the frame can be moved longitudinally guided cylinder part is arranged, which with a for this purpose, concentrically arranged driver tube rotatably, however, is axially movably connected to the vehicle frame or an associated part rotated axially immovable stored and drive-coupled to the steering entry. With this design, the piston rod and Cylinder part without conventional piston-cylinder units excessive changes are used.

With a view to high rigidity of the wheel suspension is useful if the driver tube in the area of lower end of the piston rod or one at this end arranged piston-like linear bearing for the cylinder part of the vehicle frame or an associated part radially mounted and the cylinder part by means of an Area of this radial bearing arranged on the driver tube Bearing arrangement is supported displaceably on the outside. In this arrangement, the radial bearing mentioned causes Driver tube also a radial support in the Cylinder part protruding end of the piston rod.

Otherwise, the preferred features of Invention on the dependent claims and the following Explanation of preferred exemplary embodiments using the Drawing referenced.  

It shows

Fig. 1 is a partially sectional view of a Radführungsaggregates according to the invention,

Fig. 2 shows a modified embodiment wherein a Achsschenkelglocke is welded directly to the telescoping cash part of the spring strut,

Fig. 3 is a front view of an axial line,

Fig. 4 is a schematic side view of a driving tool according to the invention with Radführungsaggregaten,

. 5 is a schematic plan view of the vehicle, wherein the arrangement of the steering linkage is schemati Fig reproduced Siert,

Fig. 6 is a further plan view of the vehicle with a modified steering linkage,

Fig. 7 is a partially sectioned illustration of a further embodiment for the wheel guidance unit and

Fig. 8 is a corresponding representation of an embodiment in which the entire wheel guide assembly is rotatable.

The Radführungsaggregat shown in FIG. 1 is designed as a spring leg and having a in FIG. 3 laterally on the vehicle frame 1 fixedly arranged bearing sleeve 2 which is opened downward and flanged at its upper end with an annular bottom part 3. Within the bearing sleeve 2 , a driver tube 4 is rotatably supported, the radial support of the driver tube 4 within the bearing sleeve 2 by means of roller bearings 5 , which are arranged in the region of the upper and lower ends of the bearing sleeve 2 and the driver tube 4 . The lower end of the driver tube 4 protrudes somewhat from the bearing sleeve 2 .

A concentric to the driving tube 4 piston rod 6 is axially supported by a roller bearing 7 , which is arranged between the annular bottom part 3 and an annular collar 6 'on the piston rod 6 . By means of the collar 6 ', the upper end of the piston rod 6 is further supported radially on the inner circumferential surface of the driver tube 4 . Otherwise, the piston rod 6 and the driver tube 4 are rotatably coupled to one another via one or more driver elements 8 , which are arranged between the annular collar 6 and the driver tube 4 . For example, the driver element or with the slave elements 8 through the outer circumference of the collar 6 'arranged teeth, projections or the like. be formed, which engage in corresponding recesses on the inner circumference of the driver tube 4 .

In the annular space between the driving tube 4 and the piston rod 6 , an upwardly open cylinder part 9 is inserted, which is guided on the piston rod 6 in the same axial direction. For this purpose, a first annular piston 10 is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the cylinder part 9 , which is slidably mounted with its inner circumferential surface on the outer circumferential surface of the piston rod 6 . At the lower end of the piston rod, a further annular piston 11 is fastened in the area of the lower roller bearing 5 , on the outer circumferential surface of which the cylinder part 9 is slidably guided with its inner circumferential surface.

In the area of the lower bearing 5 the outer peripheral side of the cylinder portion 9 is supported radially by means of a tube within the driver 4 arranged bearing assembly 12 which allows an axial displacement of the cylinder member 9 relative to the driver tube. 4

The driver tube 4 and the cylinder part 9 are rotatably coupled with each other, but with relative axial displacement. For this purpose, an axial groove 13 can be arranged on the outside of the cylinder part, into which a driving part 14 fastened on the inside of the driving tube 4 engages in a slidable manner. If necessary, an axial toothing can instead be arranged on the outside of the cylinder part 9 , into which a gear rim or the like fastened within the slave tube 4 is fastened. intervenes.

The cylinder part 9 can be rotated about its axis by pivoting about the axis of the cylinder part 9 at the lower end of the driver tube 4 and / or at the upper end of the piston rod 6 projecting through the annular bottom part 3 arranged steering lever 15 'and 15 '' .

The cylinder part 9 can be moved in and out of the bearing sleeve 2 . To extend the cylinder part 9 , a chamber 16 within the cylinder part 9 below the lower end of the piston rod 6 via an axial bore 17 passing through the piston rod 6 is supplied with pressurized fluid, for example a hydraulic pressure medium. At the same time, pressure fluid is displacing ver from a further chamber 18 , which is limited by the annular pistons 10 and 11 and the inner wall of the cylinder part 9 and the outer wall of the piston rod 6 . The chamber 18 is accessible via a further bore, not shown, in the piston rod 6 .

To retract the cylinder part 9 , the chamber 18 is supplied with pressurized fluid, while pressurized fluid is displaced from the chamber 10 .

3 Achsschenkelglocken 19 are at the lower ends of the cylindrical parts according to FIG. Arranged, on which the bearing of the wheels 20 are supported. Referring to FIG. 1, the Achsschen can kelglocken 19 may be releasably attached to a flange 21. Instead, it is also possible, according to FIG. 2, to weld the axle bells 19 directly onto the cylinder part 9 . This design can save construction height if necessary.

Moreover, it is apparent from Fig. 3 that the cylindrical members 9 take only the guidance of the wheels 20.

Due to the design features described above, the loads that occur can be safely controlled. The piston rod 6 is supported in the radial direction at its end regions with a high load capacity. So loads are transmitted in the radial direction at the upper end of the piston rod 6 via the collar 6 'on the driver tube 4 and from there via the upper roller bearing 5 to the bearing sleeve 2 . At the lower end of the piston rod 6 there is radial support via the lower annular piston 11 , the cylinder part 9 , the bearing arrangement 12 , the driving tube 4 and the lower roller bearing 5 . Since on the one hand the annular collar 6 and the upper roller bearing 5 and on the other hand the lower annular piston 11 , the bearing arrangement 13 and the lower roller bearing 5 each lie in a common horizontal plane, radial forces acting on the end regions of the piston rod 6 do not cause any bending of the driver tube 4 .

Due to their stable mounting, the piston rod 6 can also ensure a very stable mounting of the cylinder part 9 , so that extraordinarily large forces can act on the lower end of the cylinder part 9 transversely to the cylinder axis.

From Fig. 3 shows further that the wheels 20 via double hinge shafts 22 and constant velocity joint waves with lengths can be driven in balancing manner known per se. In suspension strokes, the position of the steering lever 15 'or 15 ''does not change. Nor is the currently set pivoting positions of the steering levers 15 'and 15' 'and each of the wheels 20 affects steering angle set by springing of the wheels 20 are.

This simplifies the construction of a steering linkage 15 'and 15 ''coupled to the steering linkage. In addition, very little space is required for the steering linkage because no movements in the vertical direction have to be carried out by the same.

In the example of FIG. 3, the forward-facing arms of the lower steering levers 15 are connected to one another in the vehicle in the transverse direction by a tie rod 23 , so that the wheels 20 of the axle line shown in FIG. 3 are positively coupled when steering. To actuate the steering on further arms of the lower steering lever 15 'or on the optionally double-armed upper steering levers 15 ''in the vehicle longitudinal direction ver push rods 24 and / or steering cylinder 25 can be articulated.

FIGS. 4 to 6 show how the steering wheels of several axes can be coupled together. According to FIG. 5, the steering wheels of each side are each 'and 24' coupled via a push rod string 24 'with each other, wherein the coupling of the push rod strands 24' and 24 '' by a single tie rod 23 takes place at the third in the forward direction axis. In order to enable opposite steering deflections of the front and rear wheels, the push rods 24 coupling the wheels of the penultimate axle line to the wheels of the third axle line are arranged with their ends once on steering levers 15 , which are directed toward the respective wheel, and once on steering levers 15 that face away from the respective wheel.

From Fig. 6 it can be seen that possibly only a single push rod 24 'on one side of the vehicle can be arranged, while the steering wheels on the other side of the vehicle are each coupled via separate tie rods 23 .

From Fig. 4 it can be seen that the push rods 24 can be arranged as required in different planes, ie on the upper steering levers 15 '' or on the lower steering levers 15 '. This allows the respective circumstances of the vehicle frame to be taken into account. In particular, it is possible, for example, to bypass transverse support boxes 26 of the vehicle frame.

In Fig. 7 a modified shock absorber is depicted. Here, the cylinder part 9 is fixedly arranged on the vehicle frame or on a part connected to it. The displaceable cylindrical piston part 6 holds and guides the wheel. The bottom 9 'of the cylinder part 9 is tightly penetrated by a shaft 27 which is mounted radially and axially in the base part 9 ' and which has a non-circular or toothed end in cross section in a corresponding axial bore of the piston part 6 protrudes and is non-rotatably coupled to the piston part 6 , but is axially displaceable. Steering levers 15 can be arranged at the end of the shaft 27 projecting upward from the cylinder part 9 . With pivoting of the steering lever 15, therefore, the shaft 27 and the piston rod 6 rotate together, that is, the retained on the piston rod 6 wheel is steered depending on the pivoting direction in the one or other direction.

The shock absorber shown in Fig. 7 in turn has two pressure chambers, the pressure in one chamber 18 trying to push the piston part 6 into the cylinder part 9 , while the pressure in the other chamber 16 , which from the communicating sub-chambers 16 'and 16 ''Exists, the piston part 6 from the cylinder part 9 seeks to push ben.

The suspension strut shown in FIG. 8 has a cylinder part 9 which is rotatable about its axis and which is rotatably mounted on the vehicle frame or a part firmly connected thereto by means of an axial and radial bearing 29 and a further radial bearing 30 . A top of the cylinder part of the bottom part 9 'carries a firmly connected to it, protruding into the cylinder part 9 axis 28 with a non-circular, for example toothed outer circumference.

Within the cylinder part 9 or within the annular space between the axis 28 and the cylinder part 9 , a cylindric piston part 6 is axially displaceably mounted by means of annular piston-shaped linear bearings 31 and 32 , which are arranged at the lower end of the cylinder part 9 or at the upper end of the cylindrical piston part 6 are and cooperate with the inner circumferential wall of the cylinder part 9 and the outer circumferential wall of the piston part 6 , seals seal the annular gaps between the linear bearings 31 and 32 and the walls interacting therewith. The inner circumference of the cylindri's piston part 6 has a non-circular cross section, such that the axis 28 and the piston part 6 are non-rotatably coupled, but axially displaceably coupled.

At the lower end of the cylindrical piston part 6 , a wheel bearing, not shown, is fixed, ie the piston part 6 takes over the wheel guidance.

At the bottom part 9 'or the upper axial end of the cylinder part 9 and / or at the lower axial end of the same - optionally also between the bearings 29 and 30 - steering levers 15 ' and 15 '' can be arranged to the in Fig. 8th Shock shown to steer the wheel to rotate the strut axis.

Within the strut, two chambers 16 and 18 are in turn separated from one another, the pressure in the chamber 18 trying to push the piston part 6 into the cylinder part 9 , while the pressure in the chamber 16 , which in turn consists of communicating sub-spaces 16 'and 16 '' exists, acts in the direction of extension.

In the above statements it was assumed that all the struts shown with hydraulic fluid, in particular hydraulic work. In principle, however, it is also possible to equip the struts with mechanical springs. In the case of the embodiment according to FIG. 1, for example, helical compression springs between the lower axial end of the driving tube 4 and the flange 21 on the cylinder part 9 and / or between the collar 6 'and the upper axial end of the cylinder part 9 and / or between the lower axial Be end of the piston rod 9 and the bottom of the cylinder part 9 clamped. In the embodiment according to FIG. 7, a helical compression spring could, for example, be clamped between the bottom of the cylindrical piston part 6 and the lower axial end of the shaft 27 , while the embodiment according to FIG. 8 offers the possibility of using helical compression springs between the bottom flange of the cylindrical piston part 6 and clamp the lower axial end of the cylinder part 9 and / or between the bottom part 9 'and the upper axial end of the cylindrical piston part 6 and / or between the lower axial end of the axis 28 and the bottom of the cylindrical piston part 6 .

Furthermore, when describing the drawing thereof assumed that the telescopic parts of the struts the wheel guidance of the wheels they hold alone over to take. Basically, it is also possible to use the wheel side Ends of the telescopic parts of the struts according to Art a McPherson arrangement using a wishbone and the upper ends of the struts by means of ball joints or the like. to hold on the vehicle frame.

Claims (14)

1. Wheel guide unit for vehicles with a spring strut which is non-spring-mounted on the vehicle body or frame and which is designed as a telescopic unit, whose telescopic part in the spring-in and spring-out direction holds the bearing unit of the individual wheel or single wheel unit assigned to the respective spring strut, characterized in that that the telescopic part ( 9 ; 6 ) pivotable about its telescopic axis and with a rotatable about the telescopic steering insert ( 15 , 15 ', 15 '') is coupled, which is relative to the vehicle body or frame ( 1 ) unsprung or vertical is immovably arranged. 2. wheel guide assembly according to claim 1, characterized records that the telescopic part in one the same area-encased, vertically immobile cylindrical part rotatably, but axially movable is arranged, which on its two axial End areas - at least indirectly - with a steering introduction is connectable. 3. wheel guide assembly according to claim 2, characterized records that the cylindrical part on the vehicle frame or rotatably mounted on parts connected to it is. 4. wheel guide unit according to one of claims 2 and 3, characterized in that for the rotationally fixed coupling of cylindrical and telescopic part one in the cylindri rule part rotatably and axially immovable Driver shaft with a non-circular cross-section in an ent speaking non-circular axial bore in the telescopic Element protrudes. 5. Wheel guide assembly according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a telescopic wheel guide element each on an axially frame-supported piston rod ( 6 ) longitudinally displaceably guided cylinder part ( 9 ) is arranged, which with a concentrically arranged driving tube ( 4 ) rotatably , However, is axially movably connected, the frame ( 1 ) or a part connected to it rotatably axially immovably on the vehicle and drive-coupled to the steering insert ( 15 , 15 ', 15 ''). 6. Wheel guide unit according to claim 5, characterized in that the driver tube ( 4 ) in the region of the lower end of the piston rod ( 6 ) or a piston-like linear bearing ( 11 ) arranged at this end for the cylinder part ( 9 ) on the vehicle frame ( 1 ) or a part connected to it radially and the cylinder part ( 9 ) is supported on the outside by means of a bearing arrangement ( 12 ) arranged in the region of this radial bearing ( 5 ) on the driving tube ( 4 ). 7. Wheel guide assembly according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the driver tube ( 4 ) and the piston rod ( 6 ) coupled or connected therewith in a rotationally fixed manner are arranged within a frame-fixed bearing sleeve ( 2 ), wherein steering entries ( 15 , 15 ' , 15 '') below and / or above the bearing sleeve ( 2 ) on the same protruding parts of the driver tube ( 4 ) and / or the piston rod ( 6 ) can be attached. 8. Wheel guide unit according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the part of the piston rod ( 6 ) projecting upward from the cylinder part ( 9 ) on an - optionally annular - base part ( 3 ) at the upper end of the bearing sleeve ( 2 ) axially mounted and supported radially on the near the upper bottom ( 3 ) in the bearing sleeve ( 2 ) radially mounted driving tube ( 4 ). 9. wheel guide unit according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that at the lower end of the bearing sleeve ( 2 ) a further radial bearing ( 5 ) for the driver tube ( 4 ) is arranged. 10. Wheel guide assembly according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the driver tube ( 4 ) and the piston rod ( 6 ) firmly connected thereto are axially supported together by an axial bearing of the driver tube ( 4 ) at the lower end of the bearing sleeve ( 2 ). 11. Wheel guide assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the shock absorber has a frame-fixed cylinder part ( 9 ) which receives a telescopic wheel guide element forming piston rod ( 6 ) slidably and rotatably, and that an axially immovable driver shaft arranged coaxially to the cylinder axis ( 27 ) for connection to a steering insert ( 15 ) passes through a bottom part ( 9 ') of the cylinder part ( 9 ) and protrudes with a cross-sectionally non-circular end into a correspondingly non-round axial bore of the piston rod ( 6 ) ( Fig. 7). 12. Wheel guide unit according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that on the telescopic part ( 9 ; 6 ) a steering knuckle bell ( 19 ) is directly welded. 13. Wheel guide unit according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that arranged as a steering introduction on the struts levers ( 15 , 15 ', 15 '') on each side of the vehicle by separate steering push rods ( 24 ', 24 '') and for coupling the steering thrust linkage ( 24 ', 24 '') on some axle lines - preferably on only one axle line - a tie rod ( 23 ) are arranged in the transverse direction. 14. Wheel guide unit according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that each strut has at least two pressurized fluid, in particular hydraulic medium, acted upon chambers ( 16 , 18 ), the pressure in a first chamber ( 16 ) the telesko pbare Part ( 9 ; 6 ) urges in the direction of extension and the pressure in a second chamber ( 18 ) acts in the direction of insertion of the telescopic part ( 9 ; 6 ).