DE3743297A1 - Process for the production of homogeneous plastic webs or sheets which have been provided with a multicolour structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the production of homogeneous plastic webs or sheets which have been provided with a multicolour structure, in which a plurality of batches, each comprising a binder at least partly comprising ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and up to 80 % by weight of fillers and up to 5 % by weight of colour components, are converted into granules or chips having different colours by mixing, plastication and granulation or comminution, and these granules or chips are mixed with one another and - optionally after further process steps - pressed to give the plastic webs or sheets.

Description

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of multicolored textured - especially marbled -, homogeneous plastic sheets or plates according to the preamble of claim 1.

A generic method is known from DE-PS 16 79 822. For further prior art is based on DE-PS 32 35 166 C2, DE-PS 33 24 480 C2, DE-OS 35 07 655 A1, DE-OS 35 46 184 A1 and DE-OS 35 46 215 A1 referenced, each with the production of multicolored marbled, homogeneous plastic sheets made of thermoplastic based on To deal with PVC.

Under homogeneous plastic sheets or plates in the sense of The present invention is understood to mean sheets which are single-layered and their physical properties consistent from top to bottom (homogeneous). Such homogeneous plastic sheets or plates are used in particular as flooring and possibly also as Wall paneling. Due to the homogeneous structure of these coverings also used under heavy use, especially abrasion because of the optical and physical properties of the Surface are hardly changed even with stronger abrasion. It are also non-homogeneous floor coverings in the trade, the z. Legs have thin surface coating, so multi-layered are constructed. Non-homogeneous floor coverings are, however, relative to their performance characteristics the homogeneous coverings far inferior.

Essential criteria for the quality of generic homogenous Plastic sheets or sheets are the aesthetic appearance and the wear behavior.  

In all hitherto known methods for the production generic plastic sheets or plates are the transitions in the color structuring, in particular marbling, not sharply defined, but more or less "washed out". It was not possible so far, for. B. finely chiselled, to create ornamental structures.

The wear resistance (abrasion resistance) of the known homogeneous Flooring depends in particular on the filler content of the approach used in the preparation. Are common Mixtures of about 60 to 80 wt .-% plasticized PVC than Binder, with a plasticizer content of 40 to 60 wt .-%, and 20 to 40 wt .-% of a filler such as. B. calcium carbonate. The wear resistance of such a coating after the The state of the art increases with increasing binder content (Plastic content). An excessively high binder content increases the product, however, essential. So far always had one Compromise between adequate wear resistance and acceptable Commodity costs are sought.

Object of the present invention is a generic Process for producing multi-colored textured, in particular marbled, homogeneous plastic sheets or plates to that effect to improve that aesthetic appearance of the fabric produced and the wear resistance, based on the ratio of binder content to Filler content, is increased.

The invention solves this problem by the characterizing Part of the main claim specified characteristics, preferably in combination with one or more of the features of the subclaims.

Essential to the invention is the use of a selected Approach, in particular with respect to the binder content, in Combination with a novel procedure.  

It has surprisingly been found that the inventive Use of a batch containing a binder which at least proportionally contains ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and up to 80% by weight of a filler and up to 5% by weight a color component leads to plastic sheets or plates, which is far superior to all known PVC-based rubbers have physical properties. In particular the wear resistance of the invention produced Plastic sheets and plates compared to comparable PVC-based products about 100% better with the same filler content the approach and the same process technology Manufacturing process. In addition, the invention allows Use of a binder which at least proportionally contains ethylene Containing vinyl acetate copolymer, significantly higher filler proportions in the overall approach, as it is when using plasticized PVC as a binder - as in the state of Technology usual - would be possible.

Furthermore, it has surprisingly been found that the optical (aesthetic) properties of the invention produced Plastic sheets or plates according to the state of Technology known are significantly superior. The invention Method allows for the first time, multicolored structured and in particular to produce marbled coverings comprising a sharp limitation of the color transitions down to the smallest details and have no "washed-out" structures.

With otherwise the same process technology has a coating on the Base of plasticized PVC unclear contours in the marbling on, while a coating produced according to the invention with a binder which at least partially ethylene-vinyl acetate Contains copolymer, sharply demarcated, feinziselierte Having color structures.

According to the present invention, several approaches consisting each of a binder, up to 80% of a filler and up to 5% of a color component in a first process step processed into monochrome granules or chips.  One of the approaches can also be set transparently be, ie without color component, while the other approaches each contain a different color component.

As fillers, for example, chalk, kaolin, talc, Wood flour or quartz powder can be used. In addition, you can Also, processing aids and antistatic agents may be added.

The binder consists wholly or partly of an ethylene Vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), although also different types of EVA can be mixed with each other.

Preferred are EVA types used with a vinyl acetate moiety (VA share) from 14 to 45% of the EVA share, with the VA share of the total batch of binder, filler, color component and optionally further auxiliaries about 3 to 14 Wt .-% and the proportion of the binder 20 to 80 wt .-%, preferably Should be 25 to 50 wt .-%, of the total batch.

In particular, EVA types with a VA content of 18 proven to 40 wt .-%, based on the EVA content. By use of mixtures of different ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers with different vinyl acetate shares, the Material properties of the finished coating, in particular with respect hardness and wear behavior, higher vinyl acetate levels tend to be softer and softer higher ethylene content in the EVA copolymer to harder plastic webs or plates lead.

In contrast to PVC floor coverings, it is the invention Binder to a plasticizer-free system, the nevertheless shows the possibility, depending on the acetate content in the copolymer or binder compound, a range of hard to achieve soft adjustment, without the disadvantages having to accept plasticizer-based approaches.  

Significant disadvantages of plasticizer-containing binders are:

• Plasticizers migrate into the adhesive, with the soil or wall coverings are glued and can thereby the Adhesion deteriorate such that it is under load Blisters or even shrinkage, embrittlement and cracking come to the destruction of a floor covering can.
• - Softeners can sweat out, creating a floor covering becoming a mudflap whose cleaning is a problem.
• - Softeners provide a sewer system for migrating Dyes. Such penetrated discoloration can not be removed.
• Plasticizers, especially the phthalic esters used worldwide, in the first place DOP (di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate), are to a certain extent volatile and can be the Load air accordingly.

Another important advantage of the plates according to the invention and orbits is that without the addition of liquid components, such as they are used as a softener in floor coverings can be incorporated very high proportion of filler, wherein the The wear characteristics achieved were those of soft PVC floor coverings far surpass.

Surprisingly, it has been found that the inventive homogeneous plastic sheets or sheets with EVA as a binder high quality performance, especially in the Use as floor coverings, with filler contents up to 80 wt .-%, but especially at Füllstoffgehalten of 50 to 75 wt .-%, while in contrast to coatings on Basis of soft PVC with high quality properties only filler contents may contain up to 40 wt .-% maximum.

As pure EVA copolymer at the processing temperatures is very sticky and therefore difficult to process, becomes according to a preferred embodiment of the invention a Mixture of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and an olefin polymer  or an olefin copolymer used, wherein the proportion of olefin (co) polymer in the overall batch about 0 to 15 wt .-%, preferably 2 to 13 wt .-% and in particular 3 to 10 wt .-% is. The proportion of olefin (Co -) - Polymerisats in the binder is preferably 20 to 40 wt .-%, in particular 25 to 35 wt .-%.

Preference is given to olefin homopolymers, and of these in particular Polyethylene and more preferably polypropylene used. With a polyolefin component, in particular homo-polyolefin component as a second component in the binder, despite the possibly only small proportion in the overall approach, on the one hand the processing characteristics crucial improved and, on the other hand, superior utility properties achieved. Especially surprising is in particular the stickiness at processing temperature canceled or the Adhesive onset shifted to higher temperatures. The temperature, in which a certain approach has a Klebebeginn, is determined by the following measurement: one approx. 2 mm thicker and 10 mm thicker wide strip one by mixing, plasticizing and pressing prepared plate of the approach to be examined is placed on a heated Koflerbank for 3 minutes and deducted. The temperature ("sticking temperature") is determined, at which the test strip begins, at the Koflerbank too stick.

An approach that z. B. from 30 wt .-% EVA with a VA content of 28% by weight and 69% by weight of chalk and 1% by weight of color, has a "sticking temperature" of about 110 ° C. An approach 20% by weight of EVA (28% by weight of VA), 10% by weight of polyethylene, 69% by weight Chalk and 1% by weight of paint have an adhesive temperature of approx. 135 ° C and a similar approach with 27 wt .-% EVA (28% by weight of VA) and 3% by weight of polypropylene (Novolen 1300 E) Sticking temperature of about 200 ° C on.

The addition of polyolefins in small proportions caused However, higher processing temperatures, but by the Higher bonding temperatures are far overcompensated.  

According to a first preferred embodiment of the invention is the production of mutually different colored, in but monochrome chips (first step) on made a commercial and known to the expert rolling mill. Preference is given here first to the binder component abandoned and plasticized at about 110 to 150 ° C, especially at a temperature of about 120 to 130 ° C. If, in addition to an EVA copolymer, other EVA types and / or other binder components such as polypropylene are used, these are in this operation simultaneously processed homogeneously to the thermoplastic binder composition. On the plastified rolled skin of binder then the filler content and optionally the color component And other adjuvants abandoned and evenly with the plasticized binder to a monochrome roller skin kneaded, then, for. B. by grinding, is crushed to monochrome chips. Several batches each one-colored, to each other but different colored chips will follow mixed (second step) and further processed. The individual chips have a thickness corresponding to the thickness of the Walzfells, from about 0.5 to 5 mm, preferably 1.5 to 3 mm on at an average diameter of 2 to 15 mm, preferably 3 to 10 mm.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is used to produce mutually different colored in itself However, monochromatic granules (first process step) of Binder content and the filler content and optionally the color component as well as further aids in a commercial, Mixers known to those skilled in the art below the softening point the binder used, in particular at room temperature, evenly mixed. This mixture will follow fed to a commercial granulating and to in processed monochrome granules. The individual granules have mean dimensions of about 1 to 10, preferably 2 to 8 and especially 3 to 5 mm. Several batches each monochrome, but with different colors  Batches are mixed afterwards (second step) and further processed.

Optionally, granules and chips according to the above mixed procedures and be further processed according to the invention.

The mixture of different colored, but in itself Monochromatic chips and / or granules can in the simplest case be pressed directly to the plastic sheets or plates, wherein the chips or granules must have a temperature, the about the plasticizing temperature of the used Binder corresponds or above, to a welding the chips or granules to reach each other. The squeezing can either be discontinuous, z. In Single or floor presses at pressures of 2 to 200 bar, or continuously by surface pressure of 2 to 200 bar, for example in double belt presses, or finally in calender or Rolling process by pressing in the nip.

The produced according to this simplest process variant Floor coverings or similar differ in their visual appearance Substantially similar PVC-based coverings, in particular, the color structuring is between the individual, welded together granules or chips much clearer and sharper.

However, preference is given to intervening before pressing off Process steps from the mixture of different colors, but monochrome granules or chips a multicolored marbled mass produced directly to the Plastic sheets or plates are molded and pressed can or initially to marbled chips or granules can be processed, after which they marbled in themselves Chips or granules through further process measures be further processed to the plastic sheets or plates.  

The first in itself monochrome, mutually different colors Chips or granules can according to a first process variant on a rolling mill known per se to a multi-colored Marbled rolled fur can be processed. The single ones Chips or granules are plasticized with each other welded and incompletely (inhomogeneously) mixed (kneaded), to create the marbling effect. The marbled fur can then be continuous or discontinuous be pressed, for example by floor presses, rolling mills, Calender, double belt press o. Ä. Preference is the marbled However, rolled skin is crushed - z. B. by a mill - to marbled chips, which are then further processed become.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the initially in itself monochrome among themselves differently colored Chips or granules mixed together and by means of a Extruder plasticized and incomplete by shear stress mixed together (kneaded) to a multicolor marbled mass pressed through a nozzle and granulated turns into multi-colored marbled granules, which subsequently be further processed. The extruder must be there have such a screw geometry that too strong Mixing or kneading of the plasticized mass avoided becomes; single-screw granulation extruders are preferred used with screw lengths 8 to 15 D.

The in itself marbled chips or as produced above Granules are then - optionally after mixing different colored batches etc. - again until the Plasticization heated and pressed to multi-colored marbled Plastic sheets or plates. The pressing takes place again by continuous or discontinuous methods, For example, by floor presses, rolling mills, calenders or double belt presses. Rolling mills are particularly preferred with structured rollers, as described in DE-PS 32 35 166 C2 are described, and in particular double belt presses according to DE-OS 35 46 184-A1. Surprisingly, it has turned out  that during pressing by means of a double belt press according to DE-OS 35 46 184-A1, the wear characteristics of the sun produced plastic sheets again much cheaper lie as in with conventional rolling mills pressed tracks.

After pressing, the plastic sheets or plates further treated as needed according to known methods become. These include in particular columns, superficial Grinding, polishing, embossing, tempering, cutting etc.

In the following the invention with reference to some embodiments explained in more detail:

example 1

The following approach was used:

Binder: 30% by weight of EVA with 28% by weight of VA fraction (Escorene UL 00728, Exxon) Filler: 69% by weight of chalk (Juraperle MHM, Fa. Ulmer filler) Colour: 1% by weight

Initially, the binder was placed on a rolling mill operating at 130 ° C was heated, given and after formation of Rohfelles with filler and color added (rolling time 10 minutes). The so produced Skin was peeled off, cooled and then on a Pallmann mill with a sieve of 5 mm opening ground. This was done using four different ones Dyes made four appropriately colored raw fur and ground into chips. A mix of these chips was after Filling a 2 mm thick mold under the following press conditions

Pressure | 100 bar temperature 130 ° C press time 5 minutes

to plates with sharply structured multi-colored design with pressed the excellent properties of a floor covering.

properties Thickness [mm] | 2,047 Bulk density [g cm ^-3 ] 1,738 Shore C hardness according to DIN 53505 (Apr. 1967) 77.3 (10 s) Wear test according to DIN 51963-A (Dec. 1980): @ Weight loss [g] 4.3 Thickness loss [mm] 0.167

Example 2

Following approach

Binder: 22.5% by weight of EVA with 28% by weight of VA fraction (Riblene D JV 1055X, Enichem) 7.5% by weight of polypropylene (Novolen 1300E, BASF) Filler: 48% by weight of chalk (Calcilit 8, Alpha) 20 wt .-% kaolin (type RC 32, Fa. Sachtleben) Colour: 1% by weight Lubricant: 1% by weight of calcium stearate (Ceasit I, Fa. Bärlocher)

was in a Papenmeier fast mixer for 3 minutes at room temperature mixed and continuously in a twin-screw extruder Reifenhäuser BT 55 filled, plasticized and over a perforated plate with 3.5 mm hole diameter and rotating knife granulated.

The temperatures were:

Screw speed [rpm]: 50
The throughput was 75 [kg / h]

Made in four different colors according to this example Granules were mixed and placed in a 2 mm thick mold filled and pressed as follows:

Pressure | 100 bar temperature 150 ° C press time 5 minutes

The four-color plate structured in strict lines had the following characteristics:

Thickness [mm] | 2.028 Bulk density [g cm ^-3 ] 1,715 Shore C hardness according to DIN 53505 (Apr. 1967) 83.3 (10 s) Wear test according to DIN 51963-A (Oct. 1980): @ Weight loss [g] 6,647 Thickness loss [mm] 0.26

Example 3

The four made according to Example 2 different colored granules were mixed and placed on a rolling mill at a temperature of 180 ° C to a marbled raw fur processed, wherein the granules in the nip through Shear stress welded together and incomplete were mixed. Subsequently, the raw fur became one Pressed plate under the following conditions:

Pressure | 110 bar temperature 160 ° C press time 2 minutes

It heals a finely structured, multi-colored plate with Marbled appearance and following physical properties:

Thickness [mm] | 2,047 Bulk density [g cm ^-3 ] 1,738 Shore C hardness according to DIN 53505 (Apr. 1967) 77.3 (10 s) Wear test according to DIN 51963-A (Dec. 1980): @ Weight loss [g] 5.15 Thickness loss [mm] 0.20

Example 4

According to Example 2, four batches became different colored granules produced and in the following ratio mixed

This granule mixture was in a single screw extruder with a screw diameter D of 42 mm, length 12 D, through a perforated disc pressed with a hole diameter of 2.7 mm and granulated. The filled granules were plasticized, welded together and incomplete by the Shear forces mixed (kneaded), so that the individual colors preserved, but the individual granules were fused to a marbled mass, which in turn subsequently granulated became granulated in itself.

The extrusion conditions were:

Screw rotation speed 60 U / minute temperature 145 ° C cutting blade 1200 U / minute

The still hot, in itself marbled granules was over Transport system and a bulk material to a layer with poured largely constant dumping height. The fitting layer was preheated with infrared heaters and under Heat and pressure in a continuous double belt press according to DE-OS 35 46 184-A1 compressed. The temperature  the heating drum was 180 ° C. The second half of the press was cooled and the approximately 5 mm thick cooled web centered continuously split and ground on both sides, the top with a sanding belt with 100s grain and the bottom with a sanding belt with 50 grain on a Final thickness of 2.2 mm was brought. The resulting sanding dust can optionally be reused according to Example 10.

The thus calibrated sheet goods may cut into sheets if necessary or with additional surface embossing or smoothing be further processed.

It originated plates and tracks with finely chased, ornamental, clearly outlined, multi-colored structuring.

An additional embossing or smoothing can be done, for example by heating the ground sheet to about 100 ° C and subsequent embossing in a stamping mill with chromed rollers (Roughness 7 μm).

From the ground track can also be punched plates and in of a press under the following conditions:

Pressure | 100 bar temperature 120 ° C press time 15 minutes

The physical properties were (after calibration):

Thickness [mm] 2,027 Bulk density [g cm ^-3 ] 1,710 Shore C hardness according to DIN 53505 (Apr. 1967) 77.0 Wear test according to DIN 51963-A (Dec. 1980): @ Weight loss [g] 3.5 Thickness loss [mm] 0.14

Particularly noteworthy in this procedure are the opposite Example 3 again significantly improved wear properties despite using a same approach.  

Example 5

following approach

Binder: 30% by weight of EVA with 28% by weight of VA (Riblene DJV 1055X, Fa. Enichem) Filler: 68.5% by weight chalk (Juraperle MHM) Colour: 1.0% by weight antistatic: 0.5% by weight (Hostalub FA 1, Hoechst)

was according to Example 2 in four different colors granulated and to equalize the monochrome granules Mixed parts. 81.5 parts by weight of this granule mixture were subsequently mixed with 18.5 parts by weight of an EVA granulate (transparent, 28% by weight of EV, type: Riblene D JV 1055X) and processed according to Example 4.

The physical properties showed a particularly high abrasion resistance from soft PVC flooring at a Such a high degree of filling can not be achieved by far.

properties Thickness [mm] 2,146 Bulk density [g cm ^-3 ] 1,517 Shore C hardness according to DIN 53505 (Apr. 1967) 64.6 Wear test according to DIN 51963-A (Dec. 1980): @ Weight loss [g] 2.0 Thickness loss [mm] 0.091

Example 6

An approach according to Example 2 was in a Henschel mixer Mixed at room temperature for 3 minutes and continuously over Rotary valve and metering device (screw conveyor) in one Werner & Pfleiderer extruder Kombiplast, consisting of a Twin screw ZDSK with conveyor and Knetzonen and a  Single discharge screw AES with perforated disc (bores 3.5 mm) and rotating cutting knife, processed into granules.

The process conditions were:
Twin screw ZDSK: 300 U / minute

temperatures

The granules produced in four different colors were further processed according to Example 4.

Finely structured patterns were obtained.

Example 7

An approach according to Example 2 was with 3 wt .-% of an antistatic agent (Sodium alkylsulfonate, type Lankrostat DP 6337, Fa. Lankro) mixed and processed according to Examples 2 and 4. In addition to the known from the other examples physical Properties, this approach had a leakage resistance after DIN 51953 of 2.8 × 10⁶ ohms. It settled on this basis produce conductive flooring.

Example 8

The batch processed according to Example 6 to granules Example 2 was made in 4 colors, these in one Weight ratio of 4: 4: 1: 1 mixed and according to the Example 4 in a single-screw extruder to marbled granules granulated.

The extrusion conditions were:

Screw revolution 60 rpm temperature 125 to 130 ° C throughput 40 kg / h Cutting blade revolutions 1200 rpm

The still hot marbled granules were transported via a transport system in a rolling mill, according to DE-PS 32 35 166 C2, filled with knurled rollers, the following characteristics showed: The two-roll mill is particularly profiled and allowed it, a compact, homogeneous rolled skin without further aftertreatment in 2 to 3 mm thickness with surface profiling too produce. The structuring of the roll surface consists in single from z. B. blunt pyramids spiraling a pyramidal network form on the roll surface. The surface structure but can also be cylindrical, rectangular, square or rhombic. It creates a largely direction-free Patterning.

The web thus obtained was ground on one side to 2.1 to 2.2 mm and in a press at 140 ° C, 100 bar in 30 min. shaped with a smooth surface. The ground sheet goods could also be about a ribbon and / or roll embossing smooth. It was compared to a PVC approach one finely structured and grainy pattern, whereas the Structures in soft PVC are very coarse and larger.

The physical properties were

properties Thickness [mm] 2,027 Bulk density [g cm ^-3 ] 1,710 Shore C hardness according to DIN 53505 (Apr. 1967) 72.0 Wear test according to DIN 51963-A (Dec. 1980): @ Weight loss [g] 4.5 Thickness loss [mm] 0.18

Example 9

The still hot, marbled granules according to Example 8 was about a transport system and a bulkhead too a layer with a largely constant dumping level poured. The mold layer was preheated with infrared emitters and under heat and pressure in a continuous operation Double belt press according to DE-OS 35 46 184-A1 compressed. The temperature of the heating drum was 180 ° C. The second  Half of the press was cooled and the approximately 5 mm thick cooled Web centrally split continuously and both sides sanded, with the top with a sanding belt with 100 grit and the bottom with a sanding belt with 50 grain was brought to a final thickness of 2.2 mm.

The physical properties were

Thickness [mm] 2,200 Bulk density [g cm ^-3 ] 1,710 Shore C hardness according to DIN 53505 (Apr. 1967) 77.0 Wear test according to DIN 51963-A (Dec. 1980): @ Weight loss [g] 3.4 Thickness loss [mm] 0.13

A comparison of Examples 8 and 9 shows that the final Pressing off the granules mixture is a crucial Influence on the wear resistance of the plastic sheets has: during the produced by means of a profiled roller pair Track a thickness loss of 0.18 mm in the wear test According to DIN 51963-A (Dec. corresponding measured value according to Example 9 0.13 mm. It should be noted doing so that the web after Example 8 is still much better Wear characteristics than conventional tracks PVC-based with the same filler content.

Example 10

According to Example 2, four batches became different colored granules produced and in the following ratio mixed

This granulate mixture was mixed with 20% by weight of a grinding dust, as obtained according to Example 4, mixed and in a single screw extruder with a screw diameter D  of 42 mm, length 12 D, through a perforated disc with a hole diameter of 2.7 mm pressed and granulated.

In addition to the marbled granules so prepared was an edge trim of sheet goods according to Example 4 with a Condux granulator type CS 300/44 N 2 with 14 mm sieve too Milled chips mixed with a proportion of 25 wt .-% and further processed using a knurling mill according to Example 8. Unlike PVC materials, where the addition of Regenerate material to serious optical changes in the finished plastic sheets leads, showed the tracks according to example 10 the same color structure as without Regeneratanteil manufactured tracks.

To the superior physical properties of the invention To illustrate process, were comparative experiments made with different approaches, taking in the following Table in each case an approach based on EVA with polypropylene addition as a binder compared to one based on soft PVC is. The wear values were according to DIN 51963-A (Dec. 1980) as thickness loss. The fillers and the procedure was for all experiments according to example 3, only the binder content was 25% by weight. varies to 97 wt .-%. In the case of the soft PVC approach, filler proportions not be realized over about 60 wt .-%. The Results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 shows the average 100% higher wear resistance the lining according to the invention over a produced by the same process soft PVC coating with each same filler content.  

Table 1

In the following Table 2 are further embodiments of the invention (Examples 1, 11-15) with different Binder and fillers listed. All examples were carried out according to the method of Example 1, only the Approach was varied.

Table 3 shows further comparative examples 16 to 21, in each case a similar binder with processed different proportions of a filler has been. The process parameters correspond to Example 1.

In Table 4, finally, the embodiments 22nd to 25 compared to the influence of the preferred one Embodiment of the invention used polyolefins as To explain addition to the binder. It will be those polyolefins and preferably used polypropylenes which are the bonding temperature of the overall approach, preferably to temperatures <190 ° C.  

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Claims (20)

1. A process for the production of multicolor structured, homogeneous plastic sheets or plates, in which several monochrome dyed approaches are processed on the basis of thermoplastic materials to each other differently colored granules or chips, which are mixed together and - possibly after further process steps - pressed to the plastic webs or sheets, characterized in that the individual mutually different colored granules or chips are obtained by uniform mixing, prior, simultaneous or subsequent complete plasticizing and then granulating or comminuting a batch containing

• a binder which at least proportionally contains ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer,
• up to 80% by weight of a filler and
• - Up to 5 wt .-% of a color component.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Batches containing binders, fillers and a color component, completely plasticized on a rolling mill and mixed and by subsequent grinding o. be crushed to the individual mutually different colored Crisps. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Approaches of binder, fillers and the color component by means of a mixer at a temperature below the softening temperature of the binder used evenly mixed and then in one Extruders are completely plasticized to the individual, mutually different colored granules. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized that they mixed with each other plasticized different colored granules or chips  and incomplete by shearing stress be mixed to a multicolored marbled mass, and that this multicolored marbled mass subsequently - if necessary after further process steps - shaped and pressed becomes marbled, homogeneous plastic sheets or plates. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the mixed with each other, mutually different colors Granules or chips using an extruder plasticized and incomplete by shearing stress be mixed to a multicolored marbled mass, which is pressed through a nozzle and granulated to in itself multicolored marbled granules, which subsequently - optionally after further process steps - pressed become marbled, homogeneous plastic sheets or sheets. 6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the mixed with each other, mutually different colors Granules or chips plasticized on a rolling mill and incompletely mixed by shearing stress become a multi-colored marbled fur, which is then squeezed to marbled, homogeneous Plastic sheets or plates. 7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the mixed with each other, mutually different colors Granules or chips plasticized on a rolling mill and incompletely mixed by shearing stress become a multi-colored marbled fur and that this rolled sheet is then by grinding o. The like. is crushed into multi-colored marbled chips, which are then further processed to marbled, homogeneous plastic sheets or plates.   8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized the binder is at least 50% by weight Contains ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized that the binder of one or more Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, wherein the vinyl acetate content the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, respectively 14 to 45 wt .-% and preferably 18 to 40 wt .-% is. 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized that the vinyl acetate content, based on the Total batch, 3 to 14% by weight and preferably 5 to 10% by weight is. 11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized that the binder in addition to 50 to 99 wt .-% Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer 1 to 50 wt .-% of a Olefin (co) polymer, in particular a polypropylene Homopolymerisats contains, whereby the portion of the olefin (Co) polymer in the total batch up to 15 wt .-% is. 12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized that the proportion of the filler in the total batch 50 to 75 wt .-% is. 13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized that as a filler chalk and / or kaolin is used. 14. The method according to any one of claims 5 or 7, characterized that the marbled chips or granules by means of a knurling mill according to DE-PS 32 35 116-C2 pressed to the marbled, homogeneous plastic sheets.   15. The method according to any one of claims 5 or 7, characterized that the marbled chips or granules by means of a double belt press according to DE-OS 35 46 184-A1 pressed to the marbled, homogeneous plastic sheets. 16. Homogeneous floor or wall covering based on ethylene Vinyl acetate copolymer as a polymeric binder with Contents of fillers and possibly excipients, thereby characterized in that the vinyl acetate portion of the copolymer from 14 to 45 wt .-% and the vinyl acetate in the total batch of the covering 3 to 14 wt .-% and the proportion of Fillers including excipients 35 to 80% by weight of the overall approach. 17. Covering according to claim 16, characterized in that as Binder additionally olefin homopolymers or optionally Olefin copolymers or -Terpolymerisate, preferably Polypropylene or optionally polyethylene is included. 18. Covering according to claim 17, characterized in that the Polyolefins or their copolymers in quantities up to 15, preferably 2 to 13 wt .-% of the total mixture are. 19. Covering according to one of claims 16 to 19, characterized that the vinyl acetate content 14 to 35 wt .-% im Total binder of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and if appropriate olefin homopolymer or copolymer. 20. Covering according to one of claims 17 to 20, characterized that as olefin homopolymer such a polypropylene is used, which is the sticking temperature of the overall batch to a temperature <160 ° C and in particular <190 ° C.