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DE3525630A1 - Method for optimum matching of the voltage from a solar generator to a parallel-connected battery - Google Patents

Method for optimum matching of the voltage from a solar generator to a parallel-connected battery

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Publication number
DE3525630A1
DE3525630A1 DE19853525630 DE3525630A DE3525630A1 DE 3525630 A1 DE3525630 A1 DE 3525630A1 DE 19853525630 DE19853525630 DE 19853525630 DE 3525630 A DE3525630 A DE 3525630A DE 3525630 A1 DE3525630 A1 DE 3525630A1
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
voltage
solar generator
battery
voltage converter
solar
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
DE19853525630
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German (de)
Inventor
Lothar Dipl Ing Hoefer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
Original Assignee
Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH filed Critical Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
Priority to DE19853525630 priority Critical patent/DE3525630A1/en
Publication of DE3525630A1 publication Critical patent/DE3525630A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)

Abstract

A method for optimum matching of the voltage from a solar generator to a parallel-connected battery in different operating conditions. A DC/DC voltage converter (chopper) which produces the optimum matching is arranged between the solar generator and the battery. In order to reduce the power losses caused by the DC/DC voltage converter and in order to avoid such losses at the time of year when it is cold and when the battery voltage is low, the voltage of the solar generator is matched precisely to the battery at low temperature and hence at the maximum voltage produced by the solar generator and when the battery is partially discharged and the battery voltage is in consequence relatively low. The DC/DC voltage converter is used only to increase the voltage of the solar generator and is switched on only when, as a result of the prevailing operating conditions, an increase in the voltage provided by the solar generator is necessary for optimum matching. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Energiegewinnung von einem Solargenerator ist von der Sonneneinstrahlung abhängig. Diese fällt während der Nacht gänzlich aus und ist auch am Tage erheblichen Schwankungen ausgesetzt. Zur ständigen Versorgung von elektrischen Verbrauchern ist daher die Verwendung einer Akkumulatorenbatterie üblich. Diese ist in der Lage, vom Solargenerator überschüssig gewonnene elektrische Energie aufzunehmen. Bei fehlender oder ungenügender Energiegewinnung durch den Solargenerator kann die Akkumulatorenbatterie die aufgenommene Energie wieder abgeben.The energy generation from a solar generator is from solar radiation dependent. This is completely canceled during the night and is also on Days subject to considerable fluctuations. For the constant supply of electrical consumers is therefore the use of an accumulator battery common. This is able to get excess from the solar generator electrical energy obtained. If there is no or insufficient The accumulator battery can generate energy through the solar generator release the absorbed energy again.

Im einfachsten Fall sind Solargenerator und Batterie direkt parallel geschaltet. Die Speicherfunktion der Batterie mit den Einzelfunktionen Energie aufnehmen und Energie abgeben reguliert sich selbsttätig durch die Höhe der Spannung. Damit die Speicherfunktion der Batterie gut genutzt werden kann, ist es erforderlich, die Nennspannungen vom Solargenerator und von der Batterie passend zueinander zu wählen. Dies ist möglich, da sowohl der Solargenerator als auch die Batterie sich aus einer Vielzahl von Elementen zusammensetzt, welche nach Bedarf elektrisch in Reihe geschaltet werden. Da der Solargenerator keine elektrische Energie von der Batterie aufnehmen soll, ist es üblich, eine Diode zwischen Solargenerator und Batterie einzuschalten. Besteht der Solargenerator aus mehreren parallel geschalteten Generator-Teilen, so wird auch jedes Generator-Teil gegen die anderen durch Einschalten je einer Diode gegen Rückspeisung gesichert.In the simplest case, the solar generator and battery are connected directly in parallel. The storage function of the battery with the individual functions Absorbing energy and releasing energy regulates itself automatically the level of tension. So that the storage function of the battery is well used it is necessary to remove the nominal voltages from the solar generator  and choose from the battery to match each other. This is possible, since both the solar generator and the battery are made up of a large number composed of elements that are electrically connected in series as required. Since the solar generator has no electrical energy from the To take up battery, it is common to put a diode between the solar generator and turn on the battery. The solar generator consists of several in parallel switched generator parts, each generator part is also against the others are secured against feedback by switching on one diode each.

Die Spannung des Solargenerators und auch die der Batterie sind von den jeweiligen Betriebsbedingungen abhängig. Beim Solargenerator ist jene Spannung interessant, bei der der Solargenerator die maximale Leistung abgeben kann (genannt MPP; MPP = Maximum Power Point). Diese Spannung ist in erster Linie von der Temperatur des Solargenerators abhängig. Bei niedriger Temperatur ist diese Spannung höher als bei hoher Temperatur. Bei der Batterie ist der Einfluß der Temperatur auf die Spannung gering. Einen erheblichen Einfluß hat jedoch der Ladezustand der Batterie, da sich mit dem Ladezustand die Säurewichte ändert.The voltage of the solar generator and that of the battery are different Operating conditions dependent. That voltage is with the solar generator interesting, where the solar generator give the maximum power can (called MPP; MPP = Maximum Power Point). This tension is first Line depends on the temperature of the solar generator. At low temperature this voltage is higher than at high temperature. With the battery the influence of temperature on voltage is small. A substantial one However, the state of charge of the battery has an influence, since it changes with the state of charge the acid weights changes.

Durch die Wahl der Nennspannung beim Solargenerator und bei der Batterie kann eine richtige Anpassung jeweils nur für ganz bestimmte Betriebsbedingungen erreicht werden. Bei anderen Betriebsbedingungen (Solargenerator- Temperatur bzw. Ladezustand der Batterie) ergibt sich eine verringerte Ausnutzung des Solargenerators, die dadurch ausgedrückt werden kann, daß der Solargenerator mit einer Spannung betrieben wird, die vom MPP abweicht.By choosing the nominal voltage for the solar generator and the battery can make a correct adjustment only for very specific operating conditions can be achieved. In other operating conditions (solar generator Temperature or state of charge of the battery) there is a reduced Exploitation of the solar generator, which can be expressed in that the solar generator is operated with a voltage that deviates from the MPP.

Es ist üblich, Solargeneratorspannung und Batteriespannung so zu wählen, daß sich die höchste zulässige Batteriespannung (Gasungsspannung) und die niedrigste MPP-Spannung des Solargenerators entsprechen. Dadurch wird erreicht, daß überschüssige Energie vom Solargenerator in jedem Fall in der Batterie gespeichert werden kann. Es ergibt sich jedoch der Nachteil, daß bei niedriger Solargeneratortemperatur oder bei niedrigem Ladezustand der Batterie eine Fehlanpassung vorliegt. Der Nachteil ist noch schwerwiegender, wenn niedrige Temperatur des Solargenerators und niedriger Ladezustand der Batterie vorhanden sind. Der Solargenerator wird dann mit einer Spannung betrieben, die wesentlich geringer ist, als jene die durch den Maximum Power Point bestimmt ist. Das bedeutet, daß bei entladener Batterie oder bei niedriger Solargeneratortemperatur die Leistungsfähigkeit des Solargenerators nicht voll ausgenutzt werden kann.It is common to choose solar generator voltage and battery voltage so that the highest permissible battery voltage (gassing voltage) and the correspond to the lowest MPP voltage of the solar generator. This ensures that excess energy from the solar generator in any case in the Battery can be saved. However, there is the disadvantage that with a low solar generator temperature or with a low state of charge Battery mismatch. The downside is more serious when the temperature of the solar generator is low and the charge level is low  the battery is present. The solar generator will then operated with a voltage that is significantly lower than that is determined by the maximum power point. That means that when unloaded Battery or at low solar generator temperature the performance of the solar generator cannot be fully used.

Um eine günstige Anpassung zwischen Solargenerator und Batterie bei allen Betriebszuständen zu erreichen, ist es bekannt, einen DC-DC-Spannungswandler (Chopper) einzusetzen. Dieser hat jedoch den Nachteil, daß in ihm bei allen Betriebszuständen Verluste anfallen, wodurch die zusätzlich aus dem Solargenerator gewonnene Energie größtenteils oder gänzlich wieder aufgezehrt wird.For a cheap adaptation between solar generator and battery in all To achieve operating states, it is known to use a DC-DC voltage converter (Chopper) to use. However, this has the disadvantage that in all Operating states losses occur, which means that additionally from the solar generator most or all of the energy gained is used up again becomes.

Der Erfingung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren vorzuschlagen, durch das eine Verminderung der durch den DC-DC-Spannungswandler verursachten Leistungsverluste erzielt wird und das für die Anpassung zwischen Solargenerator und Batterie in der kalten Jahreszeit und bei niedriger Batteriespannung Leistungsverluste gänzlich vermeidet.The invention is therefore based on the task of proposing a method by which a reduction in those caused by the DC-DC voltage converter Loss of performance is achieved and that for the adjustment between Solar generator and battery in the cold season and at low Battery voltage completely avoids loss of performance.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Verfahrensschritte des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.The object is achieved by the characterizing process steps of claim 1 solved.

Erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltungen sind in den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 4 beschrieben.Embodiments according to the invention are described in subclaims 2 to 4.

Der wesentliche Vorteil der Erfindung besteht darin, daß der DC-DC- Spannungswandler in der kalten Jahreszeit praktisch nicht benötigt wird. Dieses wirkt sich für eine Solargeneratoranlage besonders günstig aus, da in dieser Zeit die Energiegewinnung mit einer solchen Anlage schwierig ist.The main advantage of the invention is that the DC-DC Voltage converter is practically not required in the cold season. This works are particularly favorable for a solar generator system, because at this time energy generation with such a system is difficult.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung liegt darin, daß der zur Spannungserhöhung verwendete DC-DC-Spannungswandler in seiner typischen Schaltung nur die zur Spannungserhöhung erforderliche Spannung erzeugt und diese zur Eingangsspannung hinzufügt. Dadurch ist der Wandlungsprozess nur für einen Bruchteil der Durchgangsleistung notwendig, wenn die Spannungserhöhung nur geringfügig gegenüber der Eingangsspannung ist. Diese Verhältnisse liegen hier vor und deswegen ist ein besonders günstiger Wirkungsgrad für dieses Anpassungsverfahren zu erwarten. Von Vorteil ist die Verwendung eines DC-DC-Spannungswandlers zur Spannungserhöhung (vom Typ Aufwärtschopper) auch in der Hinsicht, daß dieser auf der Eingangsseite nur geringe Stromschwankungen verursacht. Der an seinem Eingang angeschlossene Solargenerator bekommt durch Stromschwankungen eine geringere Leistungsfähigkeit. Bei eventueller Verwendung eines Spannungswandlers vom Typ Abwärtschopper würden erhebliche Stromschwankungen entstehen, welche durch aufwendige Filter wieder beseitigt werden müßten. Ein zusätzlicher Vorteil der Erfindung liegt darin, daß das Schaltelement (z. B. ein Transistor) des DC- DC-Spannungswandlers auch die Leistungsabgabe vom Solargenerator vermindern kann, indem der Solargenerator gemäß Anspruch 4 zeitweilig oder dauernd kurzgeschlossen wird, wenn keine Energie abgenommen wird und die Überladung der Batterie droht. Dieses Verfahren ist bei Ladereglern für Solargeneratoren üblich.Another advantage of the invention is that it increases the voltage used DC-DC voltage converter in its typical circuit only generates the voltage required to increase the voltage and this to the input voltage adds. As a result, the change process is only for one  Fraction of the throughput necessary when the voltage increase is only slightly compared to the input voltage. These relationships are available here and therefore is a particularly favorable efficiency for to expect this adjustment process. It is advantageous to use a DC-DC voltage converter to increase voltage (of the type warm-up chopper) also with regard to the fact that there are only slight current fluctuations on the input side caused. The solar generator connected to its input gets less performance due to current fluctuations. If a voltage converter of the type waste heat chopper is used would considerable current fluctuations arise, which are caused by complex Filters would have to be removed again. An additional advantage of the invention is that the switching element (e.g. a transistor) of the DC DC voltage converter also reduce the power output from the solar generator can temporarily or by the solar generator according to claim 4 is continuously short-circuited when no energy is drawn and the Overcharge of the battery threatens. This procedure is for charge controllers for Solar generators common.

In der Zeichnung ist eine Schaltungsanordnung dargestellt, die zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens verwendet werden kann und anhand der dieses Verfahren erläutert wird.In the drawing, a circuit arrangement is shown which is to be carried out of the method according to the invention can be used and on the basis who will explain this procedure.

Einem Solargenerator 1 ist eine Batterie 4 parallel geschaltet, wobei die eine Sperrdiode 5 enthaltende Hauptleitung mit 2 und die Masseleitung mit 3 bezeichnet sind. Zwischen dem Solargenerator 1 und der Batterie 4 ist ein DC-DC-Spannungswandler 9 angeordnet, der eine Drossel 6, eine weitere Diode 7 und ein Schaltelement 8, beispielsweise einen Transistor, aufweist. Die Drossel 6 und die Diode 7 liegen parallel zur Hauptleitung 2, während das Schaltelement 8 zwischen der Verbindungsleitung 10 der Drossel 6 und der Diode 7 sowie der Masseleitung 3 angeordnet ist.A battery 4 is connected in parallel to a solar generator 1 , the main line containing a blocking diode 5 being designated 2 and the ground line being designated 3 . A DC-DC voltage converter 9 is arranged between the solar generator 1 and the battery 4 and has a choke 6 , a further diode 7 and a switching element 8 , for example a transistor. The choke 6 and the diode 7 are parallel to the main line 2 , while the switching element 8 is arranged between the connecting line 10 of the choke 6 and the diode 7 and the ground line 3 .

Die Spannung des Solargenerators 1 wird bei niedriger Temperatur und damit höchster vom Solargenerator 1 erzeugter Spannung sowie bei teilweise entladener Batterie 4 und damit relativ niedriger Batteriespannung an die Batterie 4 genau angepaßt. Die Betriebsbedingung der genauen Anpassung besteht vorzugsweise darin, daß die MPP-Spannung des Solargenerators 1, d. h. diejenige Spannung, bei der die maximale Leistung vom Solargenerator 1 abgegeben wird, bei niedrigster Betriebstemperatur gleich der Nennspannung der angeschlossenen Batterie 4 ist. Hierbei kann die genaue Anpassung für die vorgegebenen Betriebsbedingungen beispielsweise durch Wahl der Anzahl von Solargeneratormodulen und Batteriezellen vorgenommen werden.The voltage of the solar generator 1 is precisely adapted to the battery 4 at a low temperature and thus the highest voltage generated by the solar generator 1 and with a partially discharged battery 4 and thus a relatively low battery voltage. The operating condition of the exact adaptation is preferably that the MPP voltage of the solar generator 1 , ie the voltage at which the maximum power is output by the solar generator 1 , is the same as the nominal voltage of the connected battery 4 at the lowest operating temperature. In this case, the exact adaptation for the specified operating conditions can be carried out, for example, by selecting the number of solar generator modules and battery cells.

Der DC-DC-Spannungswandler 9 wird nur zur Erhöhung der Spannung des Solargenerators 1 verwendet. Es handelt sich um eine Aufwärts-Chopper-Schaltungsanordnung, die nur dann eingeschaltet wird, wenn wegen der herrschenden Betriebsbedingungen eine Erhöhung der vom Solargenerator 1 bereitgestellten Spannung zur optimalen Anpassung benötigt wird.The DC-DC voltage converter 9 is only used to increase the voltage of the solar generator 1 . It is an up-chopper circuit arrangement which is only switched on when an increase in the voltage provided by the solar generator 1 is required for optimal adaptation due to the prevailing operating conditions.

Claims (4)

1. Verfahren zur optimalen Anpassung der Spannung von einem Solargenerator an eine parallel geschaltete Batterie bei unterschiedlichen Betriebsbedingungen, wobei zwischen dem Solargenerator und der Batterie ein die optimale Anpassung bewirkender DC-DC-Spannungswandler (Chopper) angeordnet ist und wobei für eine vorgegebene Betriebsbedingung die Spannung des Solargenerators an die Batterie optimal angepaßt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Spannung des Solargenerators (1) bei niedriger Temperatur und damit höchster vom Solargenerator (1) erzeugter Spannung sowie bei teilweise entladener Batterie (4) und damit relativ niedriger Batteriespannung an die Batterie (4) genau angepaßt wird, daß ein DC-DC-Spannungswandler (9) nur zur Erhöhung der Spannung des Solargenerators (1) verwendet wird, und daß der DC-DC-Spannungswandler (9) nur dann eingeschaltet wird, wenn wegen der herrschenden Betriebsbedingungen eine Erhöhung der vom Solargenerator (1) bereitgestellten Spannung zur optimalen Anpasssng benötigt wird.1. A method for optimally adapting the voltage from a solar generator to a battery connected in parallel under different operating conditions, with a DC-DC voltage converter (chopper) providing the optimal adaptation being arranged between the solar generator and the battery and with the voltage being given for a predetermined operating condition of the solar generator is optimally adapted to the battery, characterized in that the voltage of the solar generator ( 1 ) at low temperature and thus the highest voltage generated by the solar generator ( 1 ) as well as with partially discharged battery ( 4 ) and thus relatively low battery voltage to the battery ( 4 ) is precisely adapted that a DC-DC voltage converter ( 9 ) is only used to increase the voltage of the solar generator ( 1 ), and that the DC-DC voltage converter ( 9 ) is only switched on when the operating conditions prevail an increase in the voltage provided by the solar generator ( 1 ) is needed for optimal adjustment. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genaue Anpassung für die vorgegebene Betriebsbedingung durch Wahl der Anzahl von Solargeneratormodulen und Batteriezellen vorgenommen wird. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the exact adjustment for the given operating condition by choosing the number of Solar generator modules and battery cells is made.   3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Betriebsbedingung der genauen Anpassung darin besteht, daß die MPP-Spannung des Solargenerators (1) (Spannung, bei welcher die maximale Leistung abgegeben wird) bei niedriger Betriebstemperatur gleich der Nennspannung der angeschlossenen Batterie (4) ist.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the operating condition of the exact adaptation is that the MPP voltage of the solar generator ( 1 ) (voltage at which the maximum power is output) at low operating temperature equal to the nominal voltage of the connected battery ( 4 ) is. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Schaltelement (8) des DC-DC-Spannungswandlers (9) auch zum Kurzschließen des Solargenerators in üblicher Weise verwendet wird, indem es solange wie erforderlich eingeschaltet bleibt, um die Energielieferung vom Solargenerator (1) zu vermindern oder ganz zu unterbrechen.4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the switching element ( 8 ) of the DC-DC voltage converter ( 9 ) is also used for short-circuiting the solar generator in the usual way by it remains switched on for as long as necessary to the energy supply from the solar generator ( 1 ) to decrease or to interrupt completely.
DE19853525630 1985-07-18 1985-07-18 Method for optimum matching of the voltage from a solar generator to a parallel-connected battery Ceased DE3525630A1 (en)

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