DE3401273A1 - Device for converting energy acting in liquid waves into practically useful energy - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device by means of which energy from liquid waves, in particular from water waves of coasts and beaches, but also in the open sea, can be converted in a very simple way into pneumatic energy which can then, in turn, be used to drive the most varied machines, for example pumps or generators.

Description

Device for converting energy acting in liquid waves into practically usable energy

Inventor: Wolf Klemm, Wiesenweg 4, 8023 Pullach, Tel. 089 - 7930531.

I. Known

Those in flowing liquids, especially in flowing waters Since time immemorial, effective energy has been turned into practically usable by means of various constructions of water, blade or turbine wheels Energy converted.

The same applies to those in flowing gases, especially those in strö = Wind energy contained in the air, which is harnessed by means of wind turbines that carry sails, blades or blades.

II. News

In contrast to the energies mentioned above, which are contained in flowing water and in streams = the wind, the energy that is active in the wave movement of waters is still not used today. Everyone knows the tremendous forces with which, for example, surf waves break the coast or breaking lakes and waves stir up the seas and oceans. But not only in these often highly dramatic imaging natural spectacle = \ play on coasts, beaches and wenden.ungeheuere at sea amounts of energy effectively; A no less enormous amount of energy is also contained in the comparatively insignificant, relatively calm, but steadily and practically incessantly oscillating water masses with which bodies of water in the surface area and on the bank and coastal zones are moved in waves.

The causes for these wave movements are very different Nature and depend, among other things, on the peculiarity of the water itself with regard to its bank and ground conditions, its geographical location as well as its thickness. Furthermore, solar radiation, tempera = door, salinity, inflows and outflows, currents and tides, but also the Shipping their roles. And of course the wind is of particular importance for wave formation. Because while the former causes relatively regular and predictable wave movements cause = , wind and storm cause undulations that are often unpredictable Extent in terms of intensity and duration.

In any case, however, and no matter what the causes are, it works that way a mass of water set in motion like a collector who first collects the

absorbs energy acting on him, charges himself with it and after Been = termination of the energy effect stored in its moving mass Gradually releasing energy.

Machines that are able to work in the vibrating mass of water » waves stored and collected energy again and converting it into practically usable energy, therefore work more steadily and More uniformly than, for example, wind turbines, which can only run immediately for the duration of the wind action.

And since wave movements, as already mentioned, are not only caused by wind = influence arise, but rather triggered by a very large number of factors can be, the efficiency of such, the wave movement from = using machines in terms of power and duration of power output ins = overall higher than that of windmill-like machines.

III. The object of the invention is to first convert the energy acting in the oscillating water waves into pneumatically usable energy with the aid of an appropriate device, in order to then feed this energy stored in compressed air to the most varied of purposes. One such device is the device of the invention for the conversion of liquid in waves acting in energy practically usable energy ι

It is used in the following description and on the basis of the associated Drawings shown.

IV. Description

The wave movements visible on the surface of a liquid are based on the fact that the liquid in question (e.g. water) is set into oscillating motion by an impulse (e.g. wind, currents, etc.). These vibrations spread out in waves in all directions from the location of the impulse, whereby the individual particles in the body of water themselves only experience a slight change in location. Because in principle the individual water = move particles during a shaft passage in a relative K _r ice movement and the rhythm of the wave oscillations only up and down. This up and down movement constantly restores the balance between the crest of the wave and the valley of the wave, which has been disturbed by the passage of the waves in the water.

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The energy with which this up and down movement goes hand in hand, arises mainly from the interaction of the weight-related, static force, which is triggered by the vertical displacement of the water races, with the dynamic, kinetic force inherent in the movement of this oscillating water mass. In this case, this last-mentioned dynamic force, depending on the waveform, wave height, wave length and wave velocity, constitute a multiple of the aforementioned weight-only K _r aft, it (Fig.1). The up and down movements that these vibrations cause on the water surface can, according to the law of communicating drilling, also be observed, for example, in a tubular hollow body that is open at the top and bottom and protrudes into the water surface in this area. 2 shows this in phases ABCD and A '. The water surface moves up and down in each tube, comparable to the surface of a piston in a cylinder ₇ , the stroke from bottom dead center UT to top dead center OT each corresponding to the value b ^ + h ₂ = h (see Fig. 1 ). - And according to the respective upward or downward movement, air is also sucked in here (see Fig. 2 , phases ABC) or expelled again ( Fig. 2 , CA ¹ ), as in a cylinder by the piston moving up and down . In the following drawings, suction or underpressure is marked with f ^), discharge or overpressure with (+).

If the upper opening of a pipe is now closed by means of a valve in phase C ( FIG. 3 ), the air enclosed in the pipe is compressed by the mass of water pushing upwards ^{in phases C to A 1;} in the following text the pipe is referred to as "pressure pipe" or, in the drawings, with DR. Although the water surface in the pressure pipe DR at A ^{1 is} lower by the value χ than the TDC of the wave = mountain passing outside the pressure pipe DR due to the counter pressure of the air compressed in the pressure pipe (Fig. 3 , phases DA ¹ ), the air pressure corresponds to Pressure pipe DR during phase A ¹ nevertheless has a force that results on the one hand from the weight of a water column from the full height from BDC to TDC, and on the other hand from the dynamic force that is generated in the movement process of the from bottom to top in the pressure pipe of the inflowing water acts and, depending on the wave shape, wave height, wave length and wave speed, can have a multiple of the above-mentioned force, which is only related to weight, composing it.

And the same force, which, as shown in Fig. 3 in the phases from C to A ^1, is effective in the compressive sense with a positive sign, also arises in the opposite sense in the phases from A * to D when sucking in with a negative sign ( Fig . 4). ι

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This also applies to waters with varying normal water levels NWST, for example for tidal waters, reservoirs, etc. to. Because it is from only Little importance how deep the pipe end of the pressure pipe DR from the NWST

from down, "or how high it protrudes above the NWST.

It only has to be ensured that even at the lowest water level the UT of the wave trough is still sufficiently high above the lower drilling end of the pressure pipe DR and thus an inflow of air from below is reliably prevented (Fig. 10 , water levels WST FLUT or WST EBBE).

To Fig . 5? Already the over-and so far described, caused by the wave motion in the pressure pipe DR vacuum can directly on An "= drive used machines of M _a; In Fig. 5 a pump is shown as an example:

The membrane MEM, which spatially separates the pressure pipe DR from the pump chamber PUK, is moved up and down in a wave rhythm by the overpressure and underpressure prevailing in the pressure pipe. The WIK air tank has a function that compensates for the movement process and protects the membrane. In the same rhythm as the vibrating membrane, the liquid or gaseous medium in the pump chamber PUK is sucked in or pushed out via the inlet or outlet = valves EV (^ S or AV Γ + J.

To Fig.6 ; The generator shown as an example in FIG. Underpressure moves the toothed rack ZST, which is air-tightly connected to the membrane MEM, up and down, which in turn drives the pinion of the generator GEN. The alternating current generated in GEN flows to a rectifier GLR; From there, direct current flows in pulses that correspond to the membrane movement to a battery BAT and can be taken from there for further use - here for a light bulb.

I ⁿ Figure 7 is interposed between a pipeline RL DR pressure tube and the surge tank WIK, otherwise the principle is the same as in Fig.6.

The system shown in FIG. 8 works similarly to the system shown in FIG. 6 : The task of the membrane MEM is taken over by a piston KOL, which is moved up and down by the pressure differences in the pressure pipe DR.

FIG. 9 shows how, analogously to FIG. 8 , here too the pressure differences prevailing in the pressure pipe DR are passed in a pressure line DL from the pressure pipe DR to a piston KOL, which slides back and forth at a corresponding location in a cylinder ZYL and drives a generator via a rack.

To Fig . 10: If the upper end of the pressure pipe DR is provided with automatically working suction valves EV (j ~) or exhaust valves AV ^ T), the pressure pipe pushes a blast of air through the discharge valve AV with each passage of the shaft, or it sucks air through the intake valve EV on. This ejected through the AV puff of air can, for example, an a closed air chamber in a balloon-like elastic Aufηah = mebalg, or, as shown in Figure 10, in a gnskesselähnlichen Ausdeh "are planning container collected, which is then stored in it pressure = air at Needs to flow in a continuous stream via a corresponding line to the customer LZA.

^ ^U Fig.11: If the B _e wegungsvorgänge the air in the pressure tube with DE »means of corresponding valves AV (+) undEV ^) is controlled and switched on and off = flowing air mass, separated from one another, in particular Abflussleitun = * gen ABL ( +) or supply lines ZUL ^^, these air flows can be used to drive devices that work in only one direction. The Fig.12 , Fig.l3 , Fig.14 and Fig.15 show some examples of this:

Fi (T. 12 ; Here the two turbine-generator sets work completely separately and independently of one another. Both the exhaust air flow and the supply air flow (^ drive, alternating in the rhythm of the intake and exhaust phase, over the two wind turbines WT . and WT ₂ the generators GEN. and GEN «. The two wind turbines in this case have oppositely rising turbine blades, so that the two wind turbines W ₁ and IL and the generators Gen ^ and GEN_ coupled to them, despite the oppositely opposed Directions of flowing air masses, both work in the same sense of rotation.

Fig. 13 ? Here the two wind turbines WT ₁ and WT _{2 are} coupled together to form a unit via a common shaft with the generator GEN located outside the air ducts; both wind turbines work with the generator GEN, in the rhythm of the intake or. Ejection phases, in one sense of rotation.

14 : shows a system with two wind turbines WT ₁ and WT_, which are coupled together on a common shaft with the generator GEN located in the air flow. Functioning otherwise in P _r inzip as in Figure 13 "

lg ; This is a system with a double-acting DWT wind turbine

and a generator GEN coupled to it.

The in FIGS. 13 t F-; G. 14 , 15 require, since the coupled or double-acting wind turbines in phases yes

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but only actively driven by a stream of air, for Avoidance of braking and energy-consuming back pressure, which the only passively rotating turbines generate in the Walls of their supply and exhaust air ducts also have compensating valves AUSV. These are caused by the pressure prevailing in the sewer sections » Conditions automatically and automatically actuated.

To Fig. 16

What the systems shown so far have in common, however, is that they are driving air masses only ever from a single pressure pipe DIl = are produced and - analogous to the movement of the water wave sweeping past the pressure pipe DE - always only move in jerks. and thus, of course, the energy is only released in principle way..

Are but several such as pressure pipes DR shown in Figure 11 consecutively and also arranged in a R _e ihe that their Ahstands = follow the dominant wavelength is not the same, the result is not only an addition of the individual pressure tube performance, but these individual power pulses overlap due to the staggered phases so that the to or. Exhaust air flows in and out at the ends of the collecting pipes SB practically seamlessly and continuously. • And the energy contained in the air currents is also given off in a continuous flow.
Fig. 16 shows this, for example: ff pressure pipe "* approx. 0.80 m;"

Spacing sequence = 10.00m = 4 × 2.50m;

Wavelength = 10.70 m;

Overlap = 0.70m.

Such pressure pipe rows shown in Fig.l6 , but also any differently dimensioned pressure pipe rows can, depending on the installation option and purpose, be combined to form very different pressure pipe batteries,

FIG. 17 is an example of a stage-like construction of a pressure pipe battery which consists of five rows of pressure pipes which are also offset from one another. This arrangement further increases the even flow of air at the ends of the main collecting pipes HSR

Q.

Quite apart of course from the much more productive decrease in energy from this relatively large water surface moved by waves, which in the example in Fig. 17 is about 6 × 25 ■ about 150 m ^a .

To Fig. 18 : For tidal waters or for reservoirs with varying normal levels NWST, floating, raft-like systems, anchored in a suitable place, can be an advantage. In the example shown, the GEN generator is mounted on the floating system and supplies the generated electricity to shore via a cable KAB.

Fig. 19 »To take advantage of the often very constant swell far off the coast, for example in the North Sea, but also on the open sea, floating islands anchored there and the electricity via a submarine cable SKAB are suitable Country deliver.

Islands with a circular or star-shaped floor plan are particularly suitable for this suitable because they differ when exposed to wind or currents These directions have no tendency to go around themselves in a circling motion, which causes problems with the introduction of the downstream leading submarine cable. The anchoring of such islands with a circular or star-shaped floor plan is safer and easier because on Schwoikkreis (around an anchor) by deploying a large number of Anchoring can be dispensed with. The larger the area of such floating In = are, the calmer they lie because of the multitude of them passing through wave peaks and valleys and the higher we also their we = efficiency, also based on the individual output of the individual pressure pipes DR. Floating islands that combine several thousand pressure pipes into one large pressure = tube-battery, are technically absolutely manageable, work without any fuel consumption and without emitting any pollutants * fe and are, with the appropriate structural initial equipment, very inviolable lig against harm. As a result of their precise positioning, they also make in From a nautical point of view, it is more of a positive factor than a danger as it Can also be used as navigation aids and distress stations.

In such systems, as shown in FIGS. 16 , 17, 18 and 19 , due to the numerous and well-offset rows of pressure pipes, differently strong, in any case, however, very uniform 2u and exhaust air flows from or into the ends of the Ilaupt header pipes HSR. In these incoming and outgoing air flows, since they are both based on the same number of connected pressure pipe volumes, the same amounts of air are moved in a unit of time, so that the amount of exhaust air practically always corresponds to the amount of incoming air .

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This results in the possibility of using these air flows in closed turbine systems, as shown for example in FIGS. 20 , 21 and 22 , for drive purposes.

Example Fig.20 : This is a closed system with two independently working turbines - generator sets.

Example Fig. 21: Here, a closed system with a multi-stage wind turbine MWT, which is coupled to a generator GEN, is shown.

Example Fig . 22: This is a closed system with a double-acting wind turbine DWT that drives a generator GEN.

The advantage of such closed systems over open systems be = there is also the possibility of foreign matter such as sand as it occurs on desert-like coastal stretches - as well as dust and other « Keep away air pollutants from the turbine set.

Second, the air masses - for example in the case of plants in arctic regions or Antarctic regions - warmed up and thus the risk of freezing * rens can be prevented.

Thirdly, such closed systems run acoustically more quietly and fourthly, staying in machine houses in which closed systems work is much safer, healthier and more pleasant than in Nacelles, in or in front of which the supply and exhaust air can be freely switched off and on = flows.

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Claims (8)

Device for converting energy acting in waves of liquid into practically usable energy Inventor in Wolf Klemm, Wiesenweg 4, 8023 Pullach, Tel. 089 - 7930531. Patent claims 3401273 1. Device for converting energy acting in liquid waves into practically usable energy, characterized in that it consists of at least one pressure pipe (DU.), The lower end of which protrudes into a liquid, for example water, that down there Through one or more openings, liquid can flow in and out of the pressure pipe in the rhythm of the waves of liquid that are drawn in front of the pressure pipe (Dlt) and thus inside the pressure pipe (DIt), following the wave = rhythm, the surface of the liquid how the surface of a piston in a cylinder moves up and down and through this stroke = movements the air in the pressure tube above the liquid surface is alternately exposed to suction (or negative pressure) or discharge (or overpressure) phases, while the air either acts on it as a result of the rising and falling surface of the liquid as pneumatic energy on one or me Its membranes (MEM) or pistons (KOL) are transferred and they are thereby set in oscillating movements, which in turn are then used for drive purposes, as shown, for example, in FIGS . 5 , 6, 7 , 8 and 8 Figure 9 is shown; or during which the air from the pressure pipe (DR) into the negative pressure or. Suction = phases sucked in from the outside through one or more inlet valve (s) (EV) and then compressed in the subsequent overpressure or exhaust phases and as / compressed air / through one or more exhaust valve (s) (AV) off »= is pushed. In order to supply the pneumatic energy contained in it to corresponding uses, as shown, for example, in FIG. 2. Device for converting energy acting in liquid waves into practically usable energy according to claim 1, characterized in that not only the pne.u = matischff energy contained in the expelled, outflowing air mass, but also that in the sucked in, inflowing air = mass contained pneumatic energy is made usable, for which purpose the two air flows in separate supply air lines (ZUL) or exhaust air lines (ABL) are supplied to their intended purpose, as shown in the Fip ;. 11 , Fig. 12 , Pifr. 13 , Fi _K. 1 '« and Fig. 1 * 3 is shown. ~ ^r ~~ ^: .-.:. ..- · "3 ⁷ , η 1273 3. Device for converting energy acting in liquid waves into practically usable energy according to claims 1 with 2, characterized in that several pressure pipes (DR) are connected to Samrael pipes (SIl) one behind the other _f and that the services of the individual pressure pipes in add the headers to a total power, which is then = tubes (SR) from the collecting iterverwen as correspondingly high pneumatic energy to W _e <= manure is discharged; see example Fig, l6 . k. Device for converting energy acting in liquid waves into practically usable energy according to claims 1 with 3 »characterized *"'characterized in that the spacing sequence with which the individual pressure pipes are arranged one behind the other on the collecting pipes does not correspond to the prevailing wavelength of the liquid waves And that this dimension causes overlaps when the waves pass by the pressure pipe row frequency = overlaps, as a result of which the individual pressure pipes deliver their conductors to the header pipes at such a staggered time that the header pipes ultimately flow impulse-free with impulse-free flowing pneu = emit matic energy ( Fig . 16). 5. Device for converting energy acting in liquid waves into practically usable energy according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that several rows of pressure pipes are combined to form pressure pipe batteries, in which the individual pressure pipes (DE.) Their individual power = gen over manifolds or plenums (SR) to main collector pipes or lead to main plenums (HSR), in which then the entire L _e of all Itemize in the pressure pipe battery summarized pressure pipes in Fprm of entspre = accordingly strong air currents is available and is then reused from there as pneumatic energy, as demonstrate the possibilities shown for example in Figure 17 _t Figure "18 and Figure 19. 6. Device for converting energy acting in liquid waves into practically usable energy according to claims 1 with 5 »characterized in that the amount of air sucked in during a suction phase from a pressure pipe (DR) corresponds in volume terms to the amount of air that is in an exhaust phase is expelled from the pressure pipe (DR) and this air mass is guided in a closed air circuit channel from the exhaust valve (AV) to the inlet valve (EV) and this air flow closed in the channel leads its pneumatic energy to energy converters built into the channel such as pumps, aerostatic or aerodynamic motors or wind turbines (WT) etc. and that the closed air circuit in the sewer-pressure pipe-valve system drives the energy converters installed there, protected from contamination and can be warmed up in frost ( Fig. 20 , Fig . 21, Fig . 22). Copy 7. Device for converting energy acting in liquid waves into practically usable energy according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the energy converter consists of a housing with supply air and exhaust air ducts (ZULK and ABLK) and a double-acting wind turbine (DWT ) having a shaft is (Fig.1 5 and Figure 22), one of the two ducts so K _a in the other channel is initiated, that the turbine-side ends of both channels en centrally of the left (LI) side of the double-acting door = bine (DWT) end and ah the right (RE) side of the turbine are designed as down or up flow openings ( Fig. 15 ); or that both channels open into a pot-like component on the right side of the turbine through which the output shaft is guided and in which the air flow from the supply air duct (ZULK) is directed back to the exhaust air duct (ABLK) ( Fig. 22 ), so that the dop = pelt-acting wind turbine (DWT), the turbine blades of which are arranged in the first, inner turbine part in one direction of rotation, and in a second, from the inner, outer turbine part in the opposite direction of rotation, driven by both the incoming and outgoing air flow ( Fig .22 ). 8. Device for converting energy acting in liquid waves into practically usable energy according to claims 1 with 7 »characterized in that pressure tube batteries as flat, floating islands with a circular or polygonal plan, in which all corners of a common = seeds Center at the same distance, are formed, and the uppermost decks are largely smooth, only slightly arched and / or beveled, and in which both the underwater part and the above-water part are constructed symmetrically all around and therefore neither ¹ . Water and air currents can set such a floating island in rotation and which is also anchored by several anchors (ANK) in such a way that it cannot move swiftly above the ground around an anchor point, so that it is connected to the floating island to conduct electricity Submarine cable (SKAB) is not damaged by twisting ( Fig. 19 ) »