DE3448282C2 - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Abstract

A heat exchanger, in particular a charge-air cooler, is proposed which has two lateral parts which are arranged at a distance from one another and are extruded profiles (shapes). Arranged between the lateral parts are tubes conducting one heat exchanger medium, for example, water, and transverse fins which are penetrated transversely by said tubes and to which another heat exchanger medium, for example charge air, is applied. The tubes are firmly anchored at each end in tube plates (sheets) on which a box-type cover is placed. In the region of the free end faces, each lateral part has a bead-type strip containing a continuous channel-shaped receptacle of <IMAGE> cross-section. Contained in the receptacle is a congruent engaging part which supports at both ends fastening bolts which reach through the tube plate and cover and onto which nuts are screwed for the purpose of screwing together. The engaging parts contain threaded bores in which fastening bolts which reach through the slot of the <IMAGE> profile engage for the purpose of fastening the heat exchanger on housing walls or of fastening housing walls on the heat exchanger. The extruded profiles of the lateral parts produce a substantial reduction in production costs, in the use of material and in weight.

Description

The invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular loading air cooler, the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1.

In a known heat exchanger of this type ("MTZ Motor technical journal "33 (1972), p. 177, picture 2) are the two side walls each formed as castings, the rings by one over the broad outer surface of the wall have standing, flange-like edge and also on the Broad side of the wall with ribs serving as reinforcement are provided. In the area of the end faces on which the pipe floors are attached, are for fastening the tube sheets special threaded holes are incorporated. The pipe floors are provided with countersunk holes through the countersunk screws engage in the threaded holes in the side panels. These recessed mounting of the tube sheets at both ends of the Side walls are covered by the cover. The lids themselves are by means of own fastening screws, which are in thread Intervene holes in the tube sheets, attached to the latter. The free narrow surfaces on one side of the side walls are used to attach the heat exchanger to any one Mating surface, e.g. B. on a motor housing wall or the like. Die on the opposite free side of the heat exchanger provided free narrow surfaces of the side walls serve to  that there z. B. the air scoop of a charge air line is sets and fastens. Both attachments are made with the interposition of a seal. For this purpose the flange bearing the free narrow surfaces mentioned provide special holes in the edges of the side walls, which are reinforced by the material's own eyes. The drilling each contain threads.

A heat exchanger of the known type described is relative expensive. The side walls designed as castings involve high manufacturing costs. For one, you have to different lengths of heat exchangers and thus for Manufacture of side walls of different lengths, each under Make cast models of different lengths and have them ready. On the other hand, every cast part manufactured after that needs the elaborate machining. If the free Narrow surfaces not dimensionally accurate and designed flat during casting extensive post-processing is necessary here, depending on such also regarding dimensional accuracy Length and width. Furthermore, the attachment of a Large number of individual holes in the bottle edges of the Sidewalls in these holes at least for Most of the thread must be cut. These Design leads to re with regard to the side walls relatively large amount of material, relatively large weight and large model costs for different sized side walls and also at quite high manufacturing costs for the Machining the side walls.

The invention has for its object a heat exchanger of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1 to create that is inexpensive and particularly simple loading fasteners in the area of free narrow areas each Side wall allows.  

The task with a heat exchanger is the one in the upper floor handle of claim 1 mentioned type according to the invention by the features in the characterizing part of claim 1 solved. In this way are in the area of the narrow surfaces of the sidewalls sufficiently wide connection and Contact surfaces created and simple fasteners possible to the heat exchanger z. B. on an engine To be able to attach the housing wall and / or the heat exchanger z. B. an air scoop for connecting a charge air to be able to attach the line. At the same time it is possible to get one to achieve edge-side stiffening of the side walls therefore even with a small amount of material and a small Ge important dimensionally stable.

By the features in claim 3 allow the recordings in the side walls that engaging therein as a holding means parts for tension-proof mounting of fasteners structure for attaching the cover and / or the tube sheets can be inserted, the holding means at the same time still for the attachment of fasteners in the area of the free narrow surfaces. It can be attached to all four corners according to the tie rod principle corresponding fasteners are sufficient for each side wall place and at least the tube sheets, more appropriate wise also put on the lid, and then clamp firmly using assigned elements so that the entire unit from the individual parts mentioned quickly and can be easily fixed and assembled to each other can. The existing recordings can, for. B. between the corner areas also the holding means record, tape.

As fasteners come diverse, z. B. bolts, rods, Tension bands, clips, hooks or the like into consideration. Especially the execution is simple according to the Merk paint claim 4.  

Another advantageous embodiment results from claim 5 and claim 6. This creates the advance the particular side walls in particular more cost-effective than long parts, e.g. B. made of sheet metal running meters, or especially as a profiled long parts to be able to manufacture.

A particularly advantageous, independently inventive further design results from claims 7 and 8.

This design of the two side walls each as Extruded profile sections will further reduce the Weight and material expenditure and in particular the Her service costs, as far as the side walls are concerned, he enough. The side walls can be any one long extruded profile in each case in the desired Gain length by cutting to length. This makes it special simply also heat exchangers of different lengths put together, because by simply cutting to length correspondingly different lengths of extruded profile sections Can take into account. To form the side walls is hence only one work step, namely cutting to length to the required length, necessary during production, because otherwise the side walls in the form of extruded profile sections made to size and without the requirement any other processing already used can be. Special, especially different dimensioned cast models, as they otherwise for the Ausfü castings were necessary, with all of them resulting benefits. Above all, they are reduced Manufacturing costs significantly. The recordings for the Lichen engaging parts are the same in the extrusion  production by simultaneous molding with won, therefore do not require any additional effort. It is the design as a hollow without much additional effort body as well as one made of solid material accordingly Claim 9 possible, as at the same time without additional costs other fasteners on the side walls if they are molded in during the extrusion process can. In association with the invention described above characteristics thus results from a particularly simple one only little workable parts of heat generated Exchanger, without major modifications for different Sizes composed of standardized individual elements can be, in particular with regard to the otherwise relatively complicated and expensive sidewalls through a multiple cutting to different lengths can be spoken.

An alternative embodiment results from claim 10. Such a design of the side walls as a sheet metal shape parts that also have a sheet metal profile from the current Meters must be separated to length if necessary also within the scope of the invention.

Further advantageous features result from the An Proverbs 11-14. As a result, the heat is particularly simple holding means on the exchanger side as part of the fastening means inte freezes to attach the heat exchanger z. B. on one Housing wall and / or for attaching parts to the heat exchangers are required. It goes without saying that the abutments, which are threaded in the form of tapped holes gene or protruding threaded bolts are provided, too as separate, essentially positive in the recordings sig used individual parts can be formed form independent elements and within the recordings also at a longitudinal distance from the other engaging parts whose fastening bolts are placed at the point where they are just needed to make the attachment.  

Such individual abutments can, for. B. as threaded holes provided flat pieces are formed. Advantage In contrast, the measure according to which the tel with the engaging parts contained in the respective images are merged into one element, or, viewed differently, in the Images contained engaging parts simultaneously as Holding means function by tapping the threaded holes or as a kinematic reversal, the threads protruding from it wear bolts. In this way, they are particularly inexpensive and simply these heat exchanger-side holding means won for the mentioned attachment.

A particularly advantageous combination solution results even when the features in claims 2, 7 merge and 3.

Further details and advantages result from the following description.  

The full wording of the claims is above just to avoid unnecessary repetitions not like given, but instead by naming the An speech number referred to it, however, by all these claim characteristics as express at this point and disclosed to be essential to the invention.

The invention is based on a in the drawing voltage shown embodiment explained in more detail.

The drawing shows a perspective, partially cut ne view of a heat exchanger.

The heat exchanger 10 shown here consists of a charge air cooler for turbocharged internal combustion engines. It has a heat exchanger network 11 which is arranged between two tube plates 12, 13 and which is formed from individual tubes 14 which are parallel to one another and from transverse ribs 15 which are arranged in a packet-like manner and which, with the passage spaces left between them, lie next to one another and through which the tubes 14 pass. The tubes 14 are firmly anchored at the ends in the tube sheets 12 and 13 . On the side of each tube sheet 12, 13 facing away from the tubes 14 , an associated cover 16, 18 with its peripheral edge 17 and 19 is placed tightly. On two opposite sides of the heat exchanger network 11 are arranged between the two tube sheets 12, 13 side walls 20, 21 , the entire structure of the heat exchanger network 11 , tube sheets 12, 13 with covers 16, 18 and side walls 20, 21 with the help of Fasteners is held together.

The one heat exchange medium, e.g. B. water is passed through the tubes 14 . The two covers 16, 18 , as can only be seen for the cover 16 , have connections 22 for the connection of cooling water pipes, not shown.

The cooling water is introduced into the pipes 14 via the cam formed by the cover 16 and derived from these and via the camera formed by the cover 18 . The other heat exchange medium, e.g. B. charge air, acts on the heat exchanger network 11 on the entire outside.

The side walls 20, 21 are formed as extruded profile sections corresponding to the length of the packet-like heat exchanger network 11 , which in the area of both free narrow surfaces, of which only one narrow surface 24 or 25 can be seen in the drawing, one-piece, bead-like strips Have 26 and 27 , in which molded receptacles 28 and 29 are included during extrusion. The receptacles 28 and 29 are designed as continuous, approximately groove-like channels or channels that run close to the aforementioned narrow surfaces 24 and 25 and are each open to the tube sheets 12 and 13 . They run essentially parallel to the tubes 14 . The extending between the two-sided strips part of each side wall 20, 21 consists of an approximately plate-shaped, either made of solid material or as a hollow body designed wall part. Not shown is that during extrusion each side wall 20, 21 also other loading fasteners may be molded in, z. B. Mounts or receptacles for identification plates or the like.

The free narrow surfaces 24, 25 of each side wall 20 and 21 are formed as wide-area connection and contact surfaces, for components to be attached, not shown, for. B. cover, housing walls, Rohrleitun conditions, pipe connection hoods or the like. So the heat exchanger 10 z. B. with the visible, open side 23 with the free narrow surfaces 24, 25 on mating surfaces of a connection wall, not shown, with the interposition of a seal and attached to it, while on the invisible, opposite side of the free narrow surfaces there an air scoop of a loading air line od is put on and fastened with the interposition of a seal.

The strips 26, 27 are approximately rectangular in cross section, forming a step with the wall part of the respective side wall 20, 21 extending therebetween. This stage specifies a form-fitting assembly position during assembly.

Outwardly, each narrow surface 24 or 25 closes with the outer surface of the relevant side wall 20 or 21 . On the other, opposite side, on the other hand, the respective free narrow surface 24 or 25 protrudes to form a broad, substantial connection and contact surface.

The respective receptacles 28, 29 may be round, square, U-shaped or the like in cross section. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the receptacles 28, 29 each have a C-shaped cross section. This results from a quadrangular cross-section with surfaces 24, 25 provided in the area of the free narrow passages extending through the entire length ver 30 and 31 in the form of longitudinal slots.

Both side walls 20, 21 have in the area of both free narrow surfaces 24, 25 there at least on both the tube sheets 12, 13 adjacent end regions, in the receptacles 28, 29 an inserted and tension-secured fastening members 32 , which here consist of fastening bolts, one of which recognizes only a single fastening bolt on the front, upper end region of one side wall 20 in the drawing. The fastening member 32 engages through a corresponding bore of the adjacent tube sheet 12 and also through a corre sponding bore of the cover 16 sitting thereon. It carries at the end a threaded paragraph 33 which in the assembled state at least a short length protrudes beyond the outer surface of the lid 16 and on which the entire package bim tightening nut is screwed on, as is the case with the other three corners there Nuts 34, 35 and 36 can be seen.

In another exemplary embodiment, not shown, each bolt-shaped fastening member 32 extends only through the respectively adjacent tube sheet 12 , on which the nut which clamps the structure then sits. The cover 16, 18 is then recessed in the respective corner area so that the nut can be screwed on, and is otherwise fastened to the tube sheet 12 or 13 by means of its own screws.

Each fastener 32 is seated on a mating in the associated on 28, 29 engaging holding means 37, 38 which has an engaging part, the cross-sectional shape of which is adapted to that of the corresponding receptacle 28, 29 and which is substantially positively received therein. In the embodiment shown, this engagement part extends over the entire length of the strip 26, 27 and the receptacle 28, 29 contained therein. It forms a train anchor for the adjoining in the drawing above a fastener 32 and a corresponding underneath and not visible fastener of the same type. These bolt-shaped fasteners 32 are round, the handle portion of the holding means 37, 38, however, square. Both are one piece with each other. Furthermore, further, later explained holding means 39 and 40 are seen before.

In another, not shown embodiment, the grip part of the holding means 37 on the one hand and the two-sided bolt-shaped fastening members on the other hand also of the same shape, for. B. cylindrical. Instead of a one-piece education, the respective two-sided fastening members can also be designed as independent parts that are attached to the engagement part, for. B. welded or screwed into it.

The holding means 37, 38 in the form of the engagement parts form abutments held in a form-fitting manner in the receptacles 28, 29 . The other holding means 39, 40 are made of threads on the abutment side, whereby threaded holes or - in kinematic reversal - projecting threaded bolts are to be understood, which are transverse to the respective free narrow surface 24 or 25 and by means of which components on the heat exchanger 10 on the said sides are attachable or the latter is attachable to such components. In the embodiment shown, these threaded abutments are an integral part of each handle part. The threaded holes are open to the free narrow surface 24 or 25 . Their diameter is not greater than the width of the respective passage opening 30 or 31 , so that the threaded bolts serving for fastening can reach through the latter and engage in the threaded bores.

When assembling the heat exchanger 10 , the side walls 20, 21 are positioned in the position shown and in the receptacles located on both sides of each side wall 20, 21 , such as in the receptacles 28, 29 , corresponding engaging parts are used, the respective end fastening members of the tube sheets 12, 13 and the cover 16, 18 pass through, as in the drawing, the fastening member 32 through the tube sheet 12 and cover 16 . Then are threaded on the respective Ge paragraphs of the fastening members, as on the threaded paragraph 33 of the fastening member 32 , nuts screwed, like the nuts 34-36 , over which the entire heat exchanger 10 is then clamped together to form a solid and tight unit. By means of screws engaging in the threaded bores of the holding parts 37 and 38 , the heat exchanger 10 with the narrow surfaces 24 and 25, for. B. screwed to a motor housing wall, not shown, and on the other hand connected in the same way to a supply line for the charge air to be cooled serving line. The cooling water pipes are then connected to the connection 22 of the cover 16 and a corresponding connection of the other cover 18 .

The heat exchanger 10 is simple and requires little manufacturing and assembly effort. The special reduction in manufacturing costs be achieved in that the side walls 20, 21 are formed as extruded sections. You will be cut from a strand of pressed profile of any length in only one necessary Ar beitsgang to the required size and are then ready for installation without further processing steps would be necessary. Due to the design as an extruded profile section, each side wall 20, 21 is made true to size, and the cutting to length from an extruded profile of any length can also be done true to size. A material and weight saving with respect to the side walls 20, 21 is also advantageous, which also leads to a reduction in costs. Due to the fact that, during extrusion, the same is formed with two-sided strips with receptacles located therein per side wall 20, 21 , this is also dimensionally stable. It is also advantageous that without additional effort per side wall 20, 21 the same additional fastening means, z. B. recordings for the label, in particular nameplates, can also be provided. The engagement parts used in each case with fastening members 32 extending from them at both ends are simple and inexpensive. You can z. B. relatively inexpensive to manufacture as machine parts. In addition, it can be set up in such a way that engaging parts are always available with double-sided fastening members 32 of a certain standard length, which can be used for heat exchangers 10 of different lengths; because the length of each engagement part does not necessarily have to be as long as the respective receptacle 28, 29 in the strip 26, 27 on both sides of each side wall 20, 21 , but it can also be smaller. It is therefore possible to manufacture engaging parts with the length specified for the smallest length of the side walls 20, 21 , with fastening members 32 protruding relatively long on both sides. Standard sizes thus kept in stock can be used for short heat exchangers 10 by the protruding threaded heels 33 of the fastening members 32 are cut off. The respective engagement part extends z. B. over the entire length of the dimensioned side wall 20 or 21 , such as. B. in the drawing shows ge. If heat exchangers of greater length are required, in which the side walls 20, 21 are correspondingly longer, the same engaging parts can be used, with the protruding threaded heels 33 of the fastening elements 32 on both sides having to be cut off less for length adjustment. In this way, a standardization is possible with regard to the engagement parts with double-sided fastening members 32 , so that only a single type or only a few different lengths have to be manufactured and kept in stock. As explained, the days of the heat exchanger 10 can be accomplished quickly and with little effort from the individual elements. The tube sheets and covers are quickly and easily attached and the entire unit is then quickly and easily clamped together to form a tight, tight unit after the nuts have been screwed on and tightened. Another major advantage is that the side walls 20, 21 for attaching the heat exchanger 10 z. B. on a motor housing wall and for attaching z. B. an air scoop of a charge air line on the heat exchanger 10 itself does not have to have any special threaded holes. Rather, these holding means 39, 40 are integrated in the engagement parts in the form of the threaded bores. When tightening by engaging in the threaded bores ben ben the positively seated in the receptacles 28, 29 engaging parts are held securely against any pulling out that the angled, end-side legs of the C-profile of each receptacle 28, 29 support the engaging parts accordingly. In addition, any reaction forces are also transmitted to the pipe bottoms 12, 13 and the cover 16, 18 via the fastening members 32 with threaded heel 33 , if the fastening member 32 and threaded heel 33 through the respective bore is approximately a perfect fit. In this way, in addition to the side walls 20, 21, these other elements of the heat exchanger 10 also take part in supporting and absorbing such reaction forces.

Claims (14)

1. heat exchanger, in particular charge air cooler, with a heat exchanger network ( 11 ) arranged between two tube plates ( 12, 13 ) and made up of individual mutually parallel tubes ( 14 ) and associated fins ( 15 ) which are penetrated transversely by the tubes ( 14 ), with on the outer sides of the tube sheets ( 12, 13 ) put on lids ( 16, 18 ), with on opposite sides of the heat exchanger network ( 11 ) and between the tube sheets ( 12, 13 ) arranged side walls ( 20, 21 ) with their two end faces rest on the inner sides of the tube sheets ( 12, 13 ), and with fasteners which hold the covers ( 16, 18 ), tube sheets ( 12, 13 ) and side walls ( 20, 21 ) together, characterized in that the free Narrow surfaces ( 24, 25 ) of each side wall ( 20, 21 ) as connection and system surfaces for components to be brought relative thereto, in particular covers, housing walls, pipe lines, pipe connection hoods or the like gl., are trained. 2. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the free narrow surfaces ( 24 or 25 ) with the outer surface of the side wall ( 20 or 21 ) each at least substantially complete and in facing away from the tubes ( 14 ) of the tube bundle indicative direction beyond the inner surface of the side walls ( 20 and 21 ) in front are to form broad-area essential connection and contact surfaces. 3. Heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the side walls ( 20, 21 ) close to their between the end faces he stretching, free narrow surfaces ( 24, 25 ) in both end faces to the tube sheets ( 12, 13 ) open on took ( 28 and 29 ) and in these receptacles ( 28 and 29 ) holding means ( 37, 39 and 38, 40 ) for transversely to the connection and contact surface to have fastening means by means of which components can be attached relative thereto. 4. Heat exchanger according to claim 3, characterized in that the receptacles ( 28, 29 ) to the tubes ( 14 ) run approximately parallel. 5. Heat exchanger according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the receptacles ( 28 or 29 ) are designed as continuous, groove-like channels or channels. 6. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 3-5, characterized in that the receptacles ( 28 or 29 ) have an approximately round or four square or U-shaped or C-shaped cross section and that in the receptacles ( 28 or 29 ) engaging holding means ( 37 and 38 ) of the fastening supply members ( 32 ) of the cross-sectional shape of the receptacles ( 28, 29 ) adapted and substantially positively received engaging parts therein. 7. Heat exchanger, in particular according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the side walls ( 20, 21 ) each as the length of the package-like heat exchanger scissor net ( 11 ) corresponding extruded profile sections with close to two free narrow surfaces ( 24 and 25 ) molded extrusions ( 28 or 29 ) are formed during extrusion. 8. Heat exchanger according to claim 7, characterized in that the extruded sections in the area of both free narrow surfaces ( 24 or 25 ) have approximately bead-like, one-piece strips ( 26 or 27 ) in which the respective receptacle ( 28 or 29 ) is included. 9. Heat exchanger according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the side walls ( 20, 21 ) each have an approximately plate-shaped, made of solid material or as a hollow part of the wall. 10. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1-9, characterized in that the side walls ( 20, 21 ) each as in the length of the package-like heat exchanger network ( 11 ) corresponding sheet metal sections with to form the respective receptacles ( 28, 29 ) on the free narrow surfaces ( 24, 25 ) approximately U-shaped edges are formed out. 11. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 3-10, characterized in that the holding means ( 37-40 ) from in the receptacles ( 28 or 29 ) positively held abutments with thread, in particular with threaded holes therein or protruding threaded bolts are formed thereon and that the free narrow surfaces ( 24 or 25 ), at least in the area of these threaded holes or threaded bolts of the abutments, through openings ( 30 or 31 ) for the passage of threaded bolts engaging in the threaded holes or out of the receptacle ( 28 or 29 ) protruding threaded bolt. 12. Heat exchanger according to claim 11, characterized in that the free narrow surfaces ( 24 or 25 ) as through openings ( 30 or 31 ) have a longitudinal slot running over the entire length or individual spaced transverse slots or bores. 13. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 3-12, characterized in that the holding means ( 39 or 40 ) have threaded bores which are used in special abutments and / or in the individual engagement parts or in the continuous engagement part, which is effective as a tie rod, are included. 14. Heat exchanger according to claim 13, characterized in that the continuous, as a tie rod engaging parts at the respective end with threaded fastening bolts as loading fasteners ( 32 ), each of which at least through the respective tube sheet ( 12, 13 ) reach through.