DE3321732A1 - Lubricating device, in particular for machine elements such as bearings, toothed wheels and the like - Google Patents

Abstract

A lubricating device, with the aid of which a machine element is to be lubricated in an emergency, i.e. in the case of incomplete or absent normal lubrication with heating arising therefrom, possesses a preferably dimensionally stable housing (1) or a corresponding enclosure, a part, however, of the enclosure or housing wall consisting of a material (3) which becomes permeable at a predetermined temperature. This predetermined temperature is higher than the operating temperature of the machine element to be lubricated in an emergency. In the case of a bearing, its operating temperature is for example 60 DEG to 65 DEG C. As a result of this, a material is selected as the material which becomes permeable at a predetermined temperature which, for example, melts, dissolves or becomes porous at approximately 90 DEG C. Through the passage opening which arises as a result of this in the housing (1) or passage openings in the case of cracks or the like, the lubricant which is situated in the housing (1) under normal or excess pressure can come out and, with correct attachment with regard to the machine element, flow to this machine element along the shortest path and as free of loss as possible and thus bring about the emergency lubrication. <IMAGE>

Description

14,988

company

Klüber Lubrication

Munich KG

D-8000 Munich

Lubricating device, especially for machine elements such as bearings, Gears and the like.

The invention relates to a lubricating device, in particular for machine elements such as bearings, gears or the like. Many machine elements require lubrication and this is particularly true Dimensions for bearings, the meshing of gears and similar machine elements where surfaces slide relative to one another or be passed on.

In normal cases, the lubrication of such machine elements is unproblematic and safe to do. It happens, however, that for some reason the lubrication suddenly ceases sufficient or even fails. The friction quickly leads to one

^m temperature increase, which can increase to such an extent that the parts of the machine element (s) that roll or slide on one another eventually seize. This ultimately leads to 7Ό. destruction of the machine element un <? the latter can be the cause of at least the failure of an entire machine or system. There are control devices for monitoring the condition, for example, of a bearing, with lubrication and its control being usually combined. However, such facilities are relatively expensive and. therefore only used in expensive and / or larger systems. On the other hand, there are certainly applications in which, despite the registration of a lubricant failure, intervention in the sense of Mach lubrication or replacement lubrication is at least not possible at all times. This applies, for example, to combat helicopters and the like.

a certain amount of shaft lubrication in the event of failure of the normal? c ^ vnie.

To ensure this, various options are known and in use. Essentially, these are so-called dry lubricating films, in particular of solid lubricants c'chichtgitterstruktur or lubricating varnishes on the basis of this Solid lubricants that are applied to critical bearing parts or parts of machine elements that require lubrication will. The application of soft metal films is also known Silver, gold or lead, possibly in combination with solid lubricants with a layered lattice structure. With all these well-known > In all cases, the solid lubricants should be used as

ferfilme take over the emergency lubrication. The latter is true quite possible, but the effectiveness is only relative for one short time guaranteed, which in most cases is insufficient. In the end, the will not fail more properly lubricated machine element.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a Lubricating device, especially for machine elements such as bearings, gears and the like. To be further developed so that if normal lubrication fails emergency lubrication is guaranteed over a longer period of time than previously usual.

To solve this problem it is proposed according to the invention that the lubricating device according to the preamble of claim 1 formed in accordance with the characterizing part of this claim is. The shell or the housing, the shape and size of which depends on the machine element or elements to be lubricated in an emergency directed, is attached to or near the machine element so that the lubricant that escapes in an emergency can reach the The point or points to be lubricated can arrive with as little loss as possible. The latter is particularly guaranteed when the lubricating device is close to the machine element, for example a bearing to be lubricated in an emergency. Of the In normal cases, i.e. when normal lubrication is functioning, lubricant cannot escape from the lubricating device. if however, the predetermined temperature is reached at which the

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Lubricant from the shell or the like. Can escape, so gets it, in particular dosed, to the one or those to be lubricated in an emergency Place the machine element or elements. The wall of the housing od. The like. At least partially in the predetermined Temperature becomes permeable, is dimensioned and shaped according to the intended use and fin construction. "Permeable" is the broadest To understand the meaning of the word. This means that this wall either reaches or exceeds the specified temperature becomes porous or in a similar manner flow-permeable, so that the lubricant can escape from the device. Is conceivable also that the material of this wall melts or dissolves in some other known manner, which then creates an opposite to the porous or fragile design, a relatively large discharge opening is released. What kind of permeability is provided, depends on the type and extent of emergency lubrication.

A development of the invention is characterized by a heat conducting connection with the machine element, wherein the predetermined temperature at which a part of the sheath or Gehäusexirandung becomes permeable is slightly, for example 30 ° to 5O ⁰ C above the operating temperature of the machine element. The thermally conductive connection between the lubricating device and the machine element can be direct or indirect. ^{It is essential that the TT} and the wall part, which becomes permeable at a given temperature, are connected to the machine element in a thermally conductive manner. If the machine element is damaged by sleeve lubrication

or no lubrication at all is likely to be uneven heated, so should · the heat-conducting connection between the machine element part which heats up the most and consist of the wall part of the lubricating device in question. If the entire housing or the like of the lubricating device conducts heat well is, then the thermally conductive connection to the permeable wall and the like can of course also indirectly produced via the impermeable wall of the lubricating device will.

The housing or the like of the lubricating device has according to a preferred Embodiment of the invention essentially the shape a pick up ring, half-ring, cuboid, prism, stopper or the like. Which shape is chosen in detail depends on how has already been explained, especially the shape of the machine element on the one hand and the possibility of installing the viewing device on the other hand. For bearings, especially axial and / or radial Rolling bearings, the housing is expediently chosen to be ring-shaped or semi-ring-shaped. This shape can also be used for gears or Gearbox be suitable. The other housing shapes described are suitable for attachment or installation in fixed or moving components in the immediate vicinity of the in an emergency lubricating machine element or possibly also a short distance of this, if this does not result in any disadvantage in terms of lubrication technology connected is.

Another variant of the invention provides that with a

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Device with an annular or semi-annular housing od. Like., At least part of the ring or half-ring inner peripheral surface is formed from the material which becomes permeable at a given temperature. This lubricating device is suitable for example for use in connection with a radial roller bearing with circumferential inner ring.

If, instead of the inner circumferential surface, the outer circumferential surface can become permeable, then the use is again in connection advantageous with a radial plain bearing, but with a rotating outer ring. For the lubrication of a cogwheel, for example, but also for a bearing lubrication, a variant is suitable in which the ring or half-ring surface, in the event of excess temperature allows the lubricant to escape from the device, the is arranged transversely to the axis ring or half-ring surface. Instead of a larger lubricating device in ring or half-ring shape "can You can also use several smaller lubricating devices in the form of cuboids or plugs or the like, which you can take along if necessary attaches a ring or half-ring line. This has the advantage that the specified temperature at which the lubricant emerges from these devices, optionally can choose differently, which in special cases, in particular in connection with different lubricants, may be appropriate. At this point it should be noted that under "lubricant" all conventional flowable lubricant are understood, it is irrelevant whether it is a mixture of lubricants

and whether the lubricant still contains additives, how they should be used for normal lubrication tasks.

Another embodiment of the invention provides that the housing od. The like. About a thermally conductive element and in particular one Lubrication channel or the like with the lubrication point of the machine element or elements connected is. In this case, the heat of the inadequate lubrication or lack of lubrication is unsure

machine elements that do not warm up directly onto the housing or at least onto the housing part that is becoming permeable, but rather indirectly via a thermally conductive element. The latter is accordingly on the one hand with the machine element and on the other hand with the Lubricating device, but in particular the permeable wall of the lubricating device, mechanically and thus thermally conductive tied together. This thermally conductive element can be, for example be a copper wire, a copper tape or another tape or wire-shaped element of good thermal conductivity. The lubricating device must be arranged opposite the machine element (s) so that when the intended Temperature escaping lubricant can reach the lubrication point immediately and with as little loss as possible. Possibly is a corresponding lubrication channel or another drainage option to be provided for the lubricant.

A development of the invention provides that the housing od. Like. is divided into a front and rear housing part,

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the two housing parts being in flow connection through a flow-restricting wall. For example, if the given temperature permeable wall made of a wall that melts, dissolves or is large at this temperature The opening consists of releasing material in a similar manner, so a relatively large amount of lubricant can reach the endangered person in a short time Get friction point. Then the lubricant located in the rear part of the housing then flows through the flow-inhibiting wall after and. then causes a continuation of the Photo lubrication, in the case described with reduced per unit of time, but longer lasting lubrication. Of course, this embodiment is also important too, if the wall of the housing or the shell, which becomes permeable in the event of excess temperature, is not completely eliminated, but rather only becomes porous, but its permeability should always be greater than that of the flow-inhibiting wall. For the latter for example, a fleece material or the like or a wall with a series of capillary gaps in question. If the interior of the housing od. Like. The lubricating device with at least one Level and / or pressure measuring device is connected, so you can visually and / or acoustically indicate in a very advantageous manner, when this emergency lubrication device has come into operation. You can either create a pressure inside the device and / - or use the fill level, but also the temperature of the lubricant for the display. In the former case, the display due to a decreasing or no pressure at all

and in the case of the last-mentioned variant due to increasing temperature undertaken »In this context it is particularly useful if the lubricant pressure is greater than the external pressure. This is especially true when the lubricant pressure is increasing Storage temperature exceeds the external pressure and thus to the Opening the lubricant container and leading to faster distribution of the lubricant into the bearing. Basically, this presupposes that the entire wall of the housing or the like of the lubricating device, i.e. also the part of the wall becoming permeable, can cope with this pressure.

If, in addition to the lubricant, there is an inert organic solvent, in particular a fluorinated chlorinated hydrocarbon, is reached by physical means a pressure generation in the housing. The pressurized lubricant of course passes through the, for example, much faster porous areas of the permeable V7and through, as a pressure-free draining lubricant. Preferred Lubricants are alloyed and unalloyed oils based on mineral oils as well as synthetic fluids, possibly with solid lubricant parts (Suspensions) or fats based on the above oils, thickened with organic consistency factors and possibly with solid lubricants Mistake.

Another variant of the invention is characterized in that the wall that becomes permeable at a given temperature

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or the wall part of the housing or the like is formed from a thermoplastic film or a film-like, organic or inorganic compound. You put in a stock a normal operating temperature of 60 ° to 65 "C based, so you can the in question wall part, for example of polyamide 6.6. Or produce polyethylene. Both-mentioned substances melt at about 80 to 90 ^e C.

It is particularly useful if the film is made of glass fibers, Metal mesh or the like is reinforced or reinforced. The reinforcement ensures in particular with an internal pressure in this Lubricator has good dimensional stability. In addition, it is ensured that possibly the sliding friction or the. Hobbing process disturbing or obstructing components of the casing material are retained.

If the find part that becomes permeable at a given temperature or the corresponding wall of the housing or the like passes through a film-like organic or inorganic compound is formed, a further embodiment of the invention provides that the film-like connection is reinforced by means of a particularly low proportion of binder.

Pie Frfindung is described below with the aid of several exemplary embodiments explained in more detail. The drawing shows these exemplary embodiments. Here represent:

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Fiqn. 1 "to λ four different embodiments eggs Lubricating device, schematically.

Figs. 5 to 7 also schematically, three installation examples for this lubricating device.

The lubricating device has a shell or housing 1, which made of dimensionally stable material, for example plastic or metal, and is hollow. There is a lubricant in the cavity 2, which at least in terms of its properties is matched to the machine element to be lubricated in an emergency 5.st. Outside the mentioned fixed part of the housing has the lubricating device also a fill or housing part that consists of a Material 3 which becomes permeable at a predetermined temperature consists. When this temperature is reached, this material becomes 3 for example porous, cracked or it dissolves at least partially under the action of heat. This gives the lubricant 2 the possibility of exiting the housing via the resulting passage opening or openings and the associated one or more Lubricate machine elements. It follows that this lubricating device is the machine element, for example a Rolling bearings, must always be assigned in such a way that the Lubricant due to the natural gradient and / or other forces acting on it in the shortest possible way completely reaches the machine element. In the case of a thrust bearing, the lubricating device is therefore over

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the latter. A lateral arrangement is recommended for radial bearings, like the fiqn. 5 and 6 show, but not absolutely necessary, as the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 7 shows. With gear lubrication is an attachment, for example in the style of the Fian. 5 and 6, recommended, while an assembly in analogy to Fiq. 7 causes greater technical difficulties. However, a lubricating device can also be used here in the form of a plug, for example in the manner or in a similar embodiment as shown in FIG.

t-Tach the FIGS. 1 to 3, the housing has essentially the Shape of a hollow ring, while Fig. 4 shows a cuboid or plug-like lubricating device. It is expressly noted that the representation scale of FIGS. 1 to 3 on the one hand and Fig. 4 on the other hand is not necessarily the same. In addition, the size of the lubricating device in the installation examples, in particular in FIG. 7, is in relation to the machine element or bearings are not necessarily true to scale; rather, in FIG. 7, a much larger lubricating device is used into consideration as the drawing shows. The cross section of the hollow rings according to FIGS. 1 to 3, does not necessarily have to be rectangular Rather, other cross-sectional shapes are also possible, for example the circular shape, the semicircular shape and the like and, if appropriate, expedient. The same applies to Fig. 4, where the cylindrical shape, the hemispherical shape, the conical shape, the Pyramid shape and the like. Advantageous and expedient shapes

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"can. In addition, instead of a full ring, you can also use a Provide half a hollow ring if this is more advantageous for assembly purposes.

The main difference of Figs. 1, 2 and 3 is that that in the former, the housing wall made of permeable material 3 is a ring side face perpendicular to the ring axis. In contrast, the permeable wall 3 in FIG. 2 is the inner peripheral surface of the hollow ring and in Fig. 3 is the Outer peripheral surface of the hollow ring made of permeable at temperature are made of material. The latter is, for example, a thermoplastic film, possibly with others incorporated substances to increase strength or temperature resistance.

In the case of the exemplary embodiments, the entire stated Surface made of material that becomes permeable at the specified temperature. Of course, this does not necessarily have to be the case be like that, rather it is sufficient if only a part of this surface consists of such material. This means that a part for example the outer ring surface of FIG. 3, made of solid material or of the same material as the rest three walls of rectangular cross-section. It can be about act lateral edge strips or the ring outer surface can consist entirely of solid material that is distributed around the circumference Has breakthroughs, with the breakthroughs then being permeable

- 18 are closed to the material to be processed.

From the above it follows that with regard to the shape, both the entire device and the partial area of their Housing or its shell are basically no limits and you the total area and the partial area 3 the can dimension and shape according to respective needs.

In the embodiment of FIG. 5, two lubricating devices, for example of the type shown in FIG. 1, are installed on both sides of the roller bearing 4. This doubles the emergency lubricant compared to equipment with only a single lubrication device. In this figure, the shaft 6 and rotate the inner ring 7 of the rolling bearing 4. Accordingly, the outer ring 8 and also the two lubricating devices 9 and 10 are stationary.

In contrast, in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 6, the axis is located 11 fixed, and this then also applies to the inner rings 12 and the two lubricating devices 13 and 14. Furthermore, are at In this variant, the outer rings of the roller bearings 4 and 5 and also the sleeve-like or hub-like component 15 surrounding them are circumferentially like the arrow 16 symbolizes.

The lubricating device 14 shows a special embodiment of such Lubricating devices, which consists in that the housing 1

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this device through a flow-restricting yand 17 in one front housing part 18 and a rear housing part 19 is divided. The terms "front" and "rear" relate on the outflow of the lubricant 2 from this device via the outlet opening that arose after the permeable material 3 has dissolved, melted, brittle or in

has become permeable in another way. It first empties ■

the lubricant contained in the front housing part 18 is relatively quickly, so that emergency lubrication can be carried out quickly. The lubricant contained in the rear housing part 19 is then also emptied, which can only escape after a delay, because the flow-restricting wall 17 prevents too rapid an outflow. In this way there is a relatively long emergency lubrication guaranteed by this lubricating device, and this usually also leads to better utilization of the amount of lubricant. The two housing parts 18 and 19 do not have to be unaffected / • "\ must be of the same size and also not necessarily contain the same lubricant, although in most cases they are the same Will give preference to lubricant. The material and the training the flow-inhibiting wall depends not only on the temperature occurring, but also on that in the device or in the rear housing part 19 located lubricant. Both together determine the outflow speed when reaching the the excessive operating temperature that triggers the emergency lubrication.

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The lubricating device 20 of the embodiment of FIG. 7 is In contrast to the other exemplary embodiments shown, not in the immediate vicinity of the machine element, but rather something mounted further away. As a result, you have to make sure that the lubricant on the shortest route over an appropriate Flow channel 21, 22 can flow to the machine element or roller bearing 4. If it is not guaranteed with certainty that the increasing temperature of the roller bearing 4 up to the lubricating device 20 when there is insufficient lubrication is noticeable, at least in If it is found there for a sufficiently short time, it is advisable to have a direct, heat-conducting connection between the machine element or rolling bearings 4 and the lubricating device 20, for example in the form of a preferably made of copper Connection element 23. To heat loss in transmission To avoid this, this connecting element can either be guided in a high channel and / or thermally insulated. Of the The advantage of this embodiment is that you have a larger lubricating device, for example because of a larger diameter can accommodate and thus has more lubricant available in an emergency. This embodiment can as well as all others have a front and rear housing part in a manner not shown.

It is also possible, in a manner not shown, to empty or partially empty the lubricating device in a suitable acoustic and / or optical manner for display

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bring. This is most beneficial when you use the lubricant puts under pressure, which can be achieved for example by adding inert organic solvents to then constantly monitor the pressure. As soon as it is reduced or completely eliminated, this is an indication of at least a partial one Emptying this lubricating device. Monitoring is also possible via the temperature, although not necessarily at the Must tap the lubrication device, but this can also be done on the machine element to be lubricated.

The cuboid or plug-like design of the lubrication device can, for example, be inserted into a suitable recess of the to insert lubricating component * If this recess consists of a hole, it is advantageous to replace a cuboid to provide a pin-shaped housing, which optionally can be sharpened at its insertion end according to the bore or to take the bore itself as a housing, the only is closed to the outside by means of a material which becomes permeable at a predetermined temperature. In these In cases it is problem-free when the lubricating device rotates, for example, together with the machine element. Therefore can such lubricating devices can be used, for example, in the face of a gearwheel. However, special measures must be taken to ensure that that the lubricant in spite of the effect of centrifugal force on the lubrication point, for example, the meshing of the teeth, can get. At high speeds, a stationary attachment of the lubricating device is therefore recommended.

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Claims (16)

14 9 & 8 claims 1.) Schmiiirvorrichtuno, especially for machine elements such as Bearings, gears and the like, characterized by a sleeve containing lubricant (2), a housing (1) or the like, which at least partially consists of a material (3) which becomes permeable at a predetermined temperature, the lubricating device (9,1-0: 13,14: 20) assigned directly to the machine element (4,5) or via a lubrication channel (21,22) or the like with it connected is, 2. Lubricating apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by a heat-conducting connection with the machine element (4,5), wherein the predetermined temperature at which a part (3) is permeable in the sheath or housing wall, slightly, for example, 10 ° to 40 ⁰ C is above the operating temperature of the machine element (4,5). 3. Lubricating device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that the housing (1) od. The like. Essentially the shape of a hollow ring, half-ring, cuboid, prism, plug location. Like. Has. 4. Lubricating device according to claim 3 with a rina- or semi- • «· ♦ · Ww annular housing or the like, characterized in that at least part of the ring or half-ring inner circumferential surface made of dei .ner a predetermined temperature permeable material (3) is formed. 5. Lubricating device according to claim 3 with an annular or semi-annular housing or the like., Characterized in that at least part of the ring or half-ring outer peripheral surface is formed from the material (3) which becomes permeable at a predetermined temperature. 6. Lubricating device according to claim 3 with an annular or semi-annular housing or the like., Characterized in that at least a part of the ring or half-ring side surface arranged transversely to the axis from the at a predetermined temperature permeable material (3) is formed. 7. Lubricating device according to claim 3 with a cuboid, prism-shaped or plug-shaped housing or the like., Characterized in that that at least part of the cuboid surface or the like made of the material which becomes permeable at a given temperature (3) is formed. 8. Lubricating device according to claim 3, characterized in that the housing (1) essentially through an open-edged recess of the machine element (4,5) is formed, the opening of which by means of a stopper, a film or the like. From the at the given Temperature permeable material (3) closed 9. Lubricating device according to at least one of spoke 2 to 3, characterized in that the housing (1) or the like. About a v / conductive element (23) and preferably a lubrication channel (21,22) or the like with the lubrication point of the machine element or elements (4,5) is connected. 10. Lubricating device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (1) or the like. is divided into a front (IB) and rear housing part (19), the two housing parts by a flow-inhibiting Wall (17) are in flow connection with one another. 11. Lubricating device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the interior of the housing (1) or the like is connected to at least one level and / or pressure measuring device. 12. Lubricating device according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the lubricant pressure is greater than the external pressure. 13. Pchmiervorrichtun according to claim 12, characterized in that -A- that in the housing (1) in addition to the lubricant (2) inert, organic solvent, in particular a .fluorinated chlorinated hydrocarbon. 14. Lubricating device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at a predetermined Temperature permeable wall (3) or the wall part of the housing (1) or the like. Made of a thermoplastic film or a film-like, organic and / or inorganic material is formed. 15. Lubricating device according to claim 14, characterized in that that the film is reinforced or reinforced by glass fibers, metal mesh or the like. 16. Lubricating device according to claim 14, characterized in that the film-like connection by means of a binder component is reinforced.