DE3234679A1 - Compound propulsion unit comprising heat engines working on different principles - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a compound propulsion unit consisting of any heat engines working on different principles, preferably a spark- ignition engine and a Stirling engine. The heat from the spark- ignition engine is used to operate the Stirling engine. The spark- ignition engine and the Stirling engine may be accommodated either in a common housing or in two separate housings and their output energies given off via a collective drive output or two separate drive outputs. Compound propulsion units may also be so designed that a plurality of component engines are used in different numbers in each case. The compound propulsion unit improves the efficiency of conventional heat engines and is particularly suitable for constant or slightly varying modes of operation such as, for example, current generators, ship propulsion and locomotive propulsions.

Description

Composite engine

The invention relates to a compound engine, PSV engine for short, from in principle different heat engines, in which the waste rate is of the one heat engine category is used to drive or operate the other heat engine category. The compound engine or the PSV engine is also of the type of heat engines assign.

With heat engines of the most varied types, such as Otto or diesel engines, gas turbines, heat engines based on the Stirling principle, steam engines etc. drive tasks of the most varied of types are solved. In particular, be Motor vehicles, aircraft, rail vehicles, power generators, pumps, compressors etc. driven with it.

The previously known heat engines according to the aforementioned examples are basically known and partly technical common property. Well known are also their advantages and disadvantages based on the functional principle and design and the resulting possible applications.

In particular, gasoline and diesel engines can only be used for approx. a third of the energy supplied to them with the fuel into usable drive energy realize. This despite the fact that they have been built for about a hundred years and over several generations of designers have undergone continuous development. To today, however, about two thirds of those supplied still go to these notors Fuel energy lost via the notor cooling and with the very hot exhaust gases.

3ir.e approximate average energy balance of a gasoline engine more common The design looks like this: Free drive energy on the flywheel of an engine ...................... approx. 25% friction in the engine and the valve control as well as drive energy for auxiliary equipment ................ approx. 10% indicated energy ......................... approx. 35 ffi Energy dissipated in the cooling water .. approx. 23 % Radiated heat energy via the surfaces delimiting the engine ........................... approx. 9% loss through cooling energy .............. approx. 32% energy loss through hot exhaust gases .......... approx. 33 33% combustion energy of the supplied fuel ................................ 100% The invention is based on the task the blatant disproportion between energy consumption and usable energy output to improve the previously known heat engines, i.e. the efficiency entirely to increase decisively.

This object is now achieved according to the invention in that in principle different heat engines are operated together in such a way, that the waste heat of one category is used to operate the other category will. The overall efficiency is inevitably much higher than with the mono mode of operation of the component heat engines involved in each case.

It must be recognized that this invention provides only one solution to the problem is offered in principle and still a lot until the first compound engine is built Construction and experimental work is to be carried out. Accordingly, neither can here precise statements about the order of magnitude of the overall efficiency can be made.

Below are some examples of interconnected operation in accordance with the purpose of the invention Suitable component engines / engines and definitions: In their Inside fuel burning and thereby waste heat, i.e. cooling loss energy and Engines emitting exhaust gas loss energy should in this context be used as primary energy engines, briefly referred to as PE motors.

Motors using externally supplied thermal energy should be used as secondary energy motors, briefly referred to as motors. - You do not generate any emissions yourself.

The combination of a primary energy engine with a secondary energy engine is to receive the designation PS composite engine for short PSV engine.

PE motors - Examples: - Internal combustion piston machine system Otto - Internal combustion engine system diesel - rotary piston engine system Wankel - any Internal combustion piston engine - turbine engine, gas turbine - jet engine, Jet engine SE-Motoren - examples; - Heat engine, Stirling engine = utilization the expansion and shrinkage effect of an alternately heated and cooled Volume of gas in a closed cylindrical chamber, often through an axially movable piston divided by one-sided increase in volume One half of the chamber is heated and the volume is reduced at the same time Cooling of the other half of the chamber moves in the direction of this and after reversing of the heating and cooling process in the opposite direction, in the same cycle as the temperature exposure of the chamber halves changes. Its axial movement will converted into rotary motion by means of a crankshaft.

- Thermal expansion motor generally of the type = utilization of the cyclical Thermal expansion and cooling shrinkage of gaseous, liquid or solid substances, also in composite materials - e.g. bimetal - and possibly with inclusion from Changes of state - gaseous / liquid or liquid / solid - to direct drive or diversion into other motion sequences by means of suitable gears, e.g. in Rotational motion energy.

Here, as with the Stirjing Notor, e can be based on expediency and Design of the construction with a single energy conversion element or with whole Groups of elements can be edited.

- Steam engine and steam turbine PSV engines: - Any combination of PE motors with SE motors With the invention, practically all knowledge, those in the previous development of the previously known heat engines are obtained, i. e.

the currently existing development optimum for PE and SE motors also benefits the compound engine, the PSV engine, to a large extent. This is of course true also for future optimization efforts on the previously known heat engines, the future components of aes PSV-Motors.

The new development tasks can be based on a relatively high technical level Stand with FE and SE motors and focus on the special details of the Restrict network operation and composite construction, at least for the time being.

The principle of the invention is also based on the fact that compound engines are basically possible in a wide variety of designs. - This is outside of the Subclaims listed at the beginning or their characterizing parts as well as au the o. Examples can be seen. - This diversity is inevitable in spite of this existing extensive research work at the same time largely guarantee for optimal practical solutions.

Application examples: The most economical version of a PSV motor will be possible for a drive with constant load and speed, e.g. for base load power generators, because here, after a one-time assignment and coordination, both composite component motors PE and SE can run under optimally set operating conditions.

With increasingly intermittent operation, the regular effort for the optimal assignment and mode of operation greater.

Nevertheless, very good results should still be achieved with e.g. normal power generators, Locomotive drives, ship drives, long-haul trucks, construction machinery, petrol or Diesel-electric drives, hybrid drive buses, street sweepers - too Separation of drive and work motor possible - etc.

be achieved.

With strongly intermittent operation, such as with car and local truck engines a future development must show what standard effort for a coordinated Operation of the two composite components PE and SE over the entire speed and Power range of the PE motor is required.

In the worst case, you "pull" the less powerful component with comparatively little coordination or Regular effort as far as e.g. zlir power demand coverage of the power take-offs is necessary, and then leaves them while consciously giving up more economic efficiency at a certain operating point hang back ".

From the schematic sketch on sheet 10 is the basic arrangement of a Compound engine or PSV engine including a number of ancillary units to be driven evident.

Blank page

Claims (18)

Compound engine made up of basically different heat engines Claims 1. Compound engine, in particular consisting of a thermal engine with internal combustion, preferably a reciprocating gasoline or diesel engine, here referred to as primary energy, PE-otor for short, and a thermal engine with external combustion, preferably a Stirling engine, here as secondary energy, short SE motor, both directly or indirectly cooperating in a primary-secondary network as primary-secondary composite motor, short PSV-hotor, characterized in that the heat loss, in particular cooling and exhaust heat energy of the PE motor component to operate the SE engine component is used. 2. Compound engine, PSV engine for short, according to claim 1, characterized in that that the PE-Notorkomponente any heat engine with internal combustion can be. 3. Compound engine, short PSV engine, nuch claim 1. or 2., characterized characterized in that the PS engine component any heat engine can be with direct or indirect external combustion. 4. compound engine, short PSV engine, according to claim 1 or 2. characterized in that the PS engine component is any external heat supply for any energy conversion and any energy output using facility. 5. compound engine, short PSV engine, according to claim 1 - 4, characterized characterized in that in each case only cooling energy or only exhaust gas heat energy of the PE engine component is used to operate the SE engine component. 6. compound engine, short PSV engine, according to claim 1 - 5, characterized characterized that, according to any choice and in any way, the fuel atom, Intake air flow, fuel gas flow and intake mixture flow for combustion in the PE motor components for cyclical or continuous cooling of any parts the PS engine component is used. 7. Compound engine, short PSV-M.otor, according to claim 1 - 6, characterized characterized that the two components, PE motor and SE motor, spatially more or can be arranged less far apart from each other. 8. compound engine, loV engine for short, according to claim 1 - 6, characterized marked that the two components, PE motor and SE motor, are already constructive are integrated in a common one-part or multi-part motor housing. 9. compound engine, short PSV engine, according to claim 1 - 7, characterized characterized in that a PE engine component has several PS engine components in a composite can be assigned. 10. compound engine, short PSV engine, according to claim 1 - 7, characterized characterized in that several PE motor components only one horsepower engine component is assigned in the network. 11. Compound engine, PSV engine for short, according to claim 1 that there are as many as desired and also in different numbers PE and SE motor components can work together in a network 12. compound engine; PSV engine for short, according to Claim 1, -11 ,, characterized in that the components PE motor and SE motor have their respective output power separately and on any Way to submit. 13. Compound engine, short PSV engine, according to claim 1. -11., Characterized characterized that with several components PE or SE motors each components of the same type are combined to form any collective output are. 14. Compound engine, short PSV engine, according to claim 1. -11., Characterized characterized in that the Binzel- or collective drive the PE and SE engine components are combined in any way to any Jemgemeinschaftsabtrieb. 15. Compound engine, short PSV engine, according to claim 1. -14., Characterized characterized that the components WE and SE motor in any way by control and control devices as well as other measures are coordinated with one another in such a way that da3 the operating states of the components and the arbitrary ones with a regulating lever Total downforce can be regulated. 16. Compound engine, short PSV engine, according to claim 1. -15. characterized in that the PE motor component in teliebiger Functionally separated from the PS engine component, even during operation and can be reconnected with it and thereby temporarily part operation with the PE motor component alone is possible, while the SE motor component is also switched off can be. 17. Compound engine, briefly I £ V-Notor, according to claim 1. -13., Characterized characterized that in any way the component drives different, take over any drive tasks. 18. Compound engine, short PSV engine, according to claim 1. -13. and 17., characterized in that the PE motor component and the SE engine components are separate and largely independent of one another can be regulated with regard to their operating states and outputs.