DE3227899A1 - Method of building and/or operation to improve the use of energy - Google Patents

Abstract

Published without abstract.

Description

11 State of the art

1. General 1 a Ease of work through automation of the The trend of the last decades led to the simplification of the energy supply. Z. 8. Transition to convenient fuels (coal to oil) via automatic temperature programming up to the automatic debiting of the heating costs and the subsequent billing.

Jor prior art aims to determine the temperature states of the Room temperature and the domestic water with the least possible effort on the part of the user to bring to the predetermined level and maintain it. This is the aim of the measures subordinate to energy saving.

For example, control programs are developed that run in alternate periods allow the room temperature to be preprogrammed and the nighttime and weekend temperatures contribute to energy savings.

1 b Exact adherence to the target value In order to achieve the highest level of living comfort To ensure that the control equipment is refined, the temperature tolerances are reduced and response times reduced. This enables lower rates through higher delivery rates Use of materials for heating surfaces and pipelines. For example, there are gravity heaters with large pipe cross-sections and large water content of the radiators because of their System inertia and a large amount of material due to quickly reacting material-saving Pump heating with small pipe cross-sections and a small amount of water in the radiator replaced.

Small boilers with low water content allow with sliding Temperature an exact match.

1 c Energy saving he desired energy saving is achieved through better Thermal protection and reduction of joint losses and the number of air changes as well as temporary temperature reduction (e.g.

Night setback), 1 d rear ventilation will be rear ventilation designed to avoid building moisture. As far as components are well ventilated, the same temperatures are assumed on both sides of the sawn part.

1 e Avoiding the construction damp To health hazards and structural damage to avoid the accumulation of moisture on and in components as possible avoided. Also to avoid increasing the thermal conductivity of the building materials. Greening of roof and wall surfaces as well as winter garden is carried out, it is allowed however, there is no growth within the component layers.

1 f Rational manufacturing and material saving Rational manufacturing is achieved by largely relocating production from the construction site to the Factory relieved. In doing so, material-saving system units can save wages in can be produced in large numbers.

.) The number of pieces and the possibilities for rationalization are increasing with the number of possible uses.

1 g Use of alternative energy In addition to the conveniently usable energy sources Electricity, gas and heating oil are increasingly becoming alternative energies such as solar radiation, Environmental heat from air and water etc. used.

The application is carried out while maintaining the principles described above. With solar collectors, for example, the usable amount of energy per m2 is increased.

2. User-dependent heating control According to the state of the art Individual measures, in particular automatic and individually controllable facilities, already combined. For example, the flow temperature is time- and outside temperature-controlled and radiator thermostatic valves are recommended and largely required by the authorities.

3. Time and type of energy billing for the line-bound Energy (electricity and gas) is predominantly separated for the consumption areas (e.g. 8. Apartments) measured.

In the case of heating from central heat generators, a t / consumption proportion is measured by means of auxiliary scales such as evaporation tubes, for service water (cold and warm) usually a calculation according to general criteria such as living space or number of people.

The consumption quantities are read off at longer intervals.

The payment is usually made manually in the form of lump sums and it takes place the difference is compensated retrospectively only once a year.

The payment process is usually carried out by debiting costs.

4. Coupling of heat generation, heat distribution and heat consumption in the case of types of heat generation When the energy price fluctuates (night-time electricity heating), storage is central or decentralized for heat reserve.

In the case of types of heat generation with environmentally dependent generation, central Heat storage known. Thereby fluctuations in the supply of environmental energy are taken into account (e.g. solar radiation) balanced or the utilization of complex conversion systems (E.g. heat pumps) improved.

In addition, the heating technology with liquid heat carriers aims at this from, the marine production, heat distribution and heat emission of the heating surface as possible exactly match each other. The heat supply should quickly respond to fluctuations in the Adjusted as required (e.g. 8, by internal heat sources or by solar radiation) will.

It is known that blowing on conventional heating elements removes heat accelerated and favored by forced guidance (cladding). Disguises on radiators are avoided in such heating systems, oei which the heating cost deduction takes place with the help of evaporation tubes or similar.

On the other hand, the accelerated heat release allows the use lower flow temperatures and thus the more economical use of alternative Types of energy (heat pumps, etc.).

5. Storage at different temperatures So much for the heat generator Feeding heating water at different temperature levels in the storage tank will be the Allocation of the different temperature ranges via thermostats or temperature sensors regulated in connection with valves.

An orderly storage of water with temperatures above and below 40 C There is no interposition of valves.

6. Heating water storage tank Larger heating water storage tanks are in the basement set up.

Smaller storage tanks - mostly domestic water storage tanks - are also used in upper ones Installed floors.

7. Different pressures in the heating system and heating water storage tank Heating water storage tanks are used either for the static liquid pressure of the heating system dimensioned or the heat is released indirectly via heat exchanger surfaces. aside from that can the heating water from a pressureless storage tank by mechanical energy (use of pumps) be conveyed into the heating system with higher pressure.

8. Multiple valves The valves are installed in the respective Lines and actuation is done by hand or electromechanically on the individual Valve. The operator has to know how to maintain a certain sequence or a control system is required.

The three- and four-way valves on heating systems are a simple exception, which, however, are very limited in number, mostly on one level and largely only fulfill mixed functions.

9. Hygroscopic building materials so far have become numerous hygroscopic Building materials used, e.g. B. wood, concrete, lime mortar, sand-lime brick, clay, straw, Cork, coconut fiber, peat, etc. There is also waste paper and vegetable waste such as hay, straw, Bark, leaves, wood shavings chaff etc. in consideration ..

In the case of less resistant materials (e.g. fibers) as protection from the weather, continuous cladding made of wood, asbestos cement, Sheet metal or plastics or stone arranged. Through constructive measures also tries to prevent condensation on and in the component layers or at least strived to keep the formation of condensation low.

10. Weather protection of the thermal insulation layer The external protection of the thermal insulation layer takes place either with rear-ventilated vapor-tight materials (metal, asbestos cement, Ceramic) or with relatively diffusion-open coatings (e.g. thermal skin). the ventilated cladding are by covering or connecting profiles or Depending on the choice of thickness (e.g. natural stone slabs), water-draining and on one static substructure.

The vapor-permeable coatings are carried by the insulation material.

11. Connection of the insulation elements Ummstofflemente, -platten and satisfied ones are mostly butted. In addition, there are folds, shiplap and hook folds - As well as single and multiple tongue and groove connections known. There are also shapes known, which are temporarily elastically deformed during assembly.

Groove recesses in insulation elements are only used to compensate for tolerances or known for inserting reinforcing elements.

On the other hand, in window construction they are also used to improve wind protection utilized.

12. Fire protection with weather protection of the external insulation The thermal insulation is a filler layer and is supported by the static connection between. the load-bearing inner wall construction and the outer weatherproof outer shell perforated.

E.g. wire anchors in multi-layer masonry, steel or wood construction with a curtain-type, rear-ventilated facade.

Only in the case of a large outer skin that is not rear-ventilated is used for the reinforced thin plaster layer dispenses with continuous anchoring and transfer the load through the insulation layer. Fire tests have shown that in the case of combustible insulation layers, these are only destroyed in certain areas and by the mostly sticking outer skin poses no danger.

13. Static dimensioning is more important than thermal protection in construction the static dimensioning at the transition from normally heated components to unheated ones Components take precedence over thermal insulation measures to save energy.

14. Sliding thermal protection for facade openings are known in addition to rolling and shutters are those sliding shutters that move or move parallel to the wall fold away.

It is operated equally for opening and closing Manually or manually controlled or according to a time program or in connection with collector surfaces according to the position of the sun.

15 Cladding of massive walls Non-transparent clapboard-like materials are common Wall cladding as weather protection. As far as the materials are insufficiently permeable to water vapor apply, they are to be ventilated. The rear ventilation must be above and below with the outside air stay in contact.

It is fastened with nails or screws, through openings in the cladding elements in the substructure. The coverage is used Water drainage in the area of the vertical joints in the lower rows. In the horizontal joints are the cladding elements on top of each other or only have construction-related spacing (e.g. for seg anchoring). Under deck strips are known when laying flat. Asbestos-containing products have a significant market share Materials. To a lesser extent, roof tiles and tiles are also used as wall cladding used. Some of the cladding materials and the majority of the surfaces the exposed walls are hygroscopic and absorbent. Transparent cladding materials are used in front of exposure openings and occasionally from zooming or Design reasons carried out in front of columns, pillars and short sections of the wall.

16. Wall insulation. Collectors0 Trombewall. Conservatory To save heating energy External walls that can be stored are given thermal insulation on the inside or outside is attached. Interior insulation is considered to be disadvantageous (storage behavior, temperature stresses, Condensation, frost damage to pipelines, etc.) and are only recommended if External or core insulation is not possible (e.g. preservation of historical facades).

Glazing in front of solid walls is used as a collector, trombone wall or planned as a winter garden.

Collectors consist of a transparent cover, an absorber surface, or a medium with a transport system and thermal insulation inside the collector, So between the transparent cover..and thermal insulation, is the storage mass kept as low as possible in order to be able to conduct the radiated energy quickly. As soon as the medium has reached a sufficient temperature, it becomes a storage medium or heat exchanger transported.

In the case of the Trombewand, which was developed for more southern areas, a possible thermal insulation is not on the storage mass, but on the outside the glazing arranged to be movable. The storage mass emits the radiated heat on the inside with a time shift towards the room. For rapid room heating takes place air circulation from the room over the outside of the tank and back into the Space back. The air gap between Outside air flows through the glass and storage tank from bottom to top, and preferably chilled at night.

The winter garden serves as a buffer zone that serves as an extension of the living space serves and the vegetation of which is used to humidify the air and dampen the temperature.

17. Collector air routing The general energy saving efforts lead to a reduction in air exchange. Warm air collectors enable a Enlargement of the air exchange, however, have so far hardly been introduced in residential construction. Instead, systems for extracting the stale air and for related heat recovery installed.

Warm air collectors are mainly used for subordinate purposes in commercial and agricultural sector in advertising with large-scale Lines used.

18. Construction of low air collectors Air collectors are called Lay-on systems or designed as a supplement to the independent load-bearing structure.

On flat roofs or very flat sloping roofs, warm or Cold roofs executed. When combined with war air collectors, the associated Thermal insulation layer placed on or below the supporting structure.

There are green roofs or walls. A plant growth within however, the components are only known to be damaging (e.g. 8th dry rot).

Glass is used in connection with reinforced concrete in the glass reinforced concrete construction included in static systems. As a compression member of flexurally stressed components in connection however, glass is not used with wood and steel.

19. Color scheme and structure for windows and collectors Color scheme and the colored structure of the windows is different from the colorful church duck picture common up to the vaporization of dairy protection glasses.

For roof and wall collectors, trombone walls and other transparent ones External components for heat recovery are designed according to technical aspects to maximize the use of radiation.

The structure and design are based on constructional aspects such as radiation concentration, avoidance of glare, mounting options, static Support spacing, etc. Design influences are only relevant to the overall dimensions and in the measure propmtions of the fields and Sprouts as a decision criterion used. The aim is to achieve the largest possible proportion of the area with incidence of radiation, the lowest possible radiation absorption of the outer cladding and ideal black absorber surface, e.g. 8. Selective coatings, with great radiation absorption.

20. Inner shutters and outer shutters are preferred Shutters.

In the case of inner shutters, those made of metal, plastic and Wood with paint used0 Rollable inner foam closures were also used As far as all these facilities serve the heat protection, it becomes independent the hygroscopic behavior aimed to reduce the transmission losses. As far as the joint connection is sealed, this should be done all around.

III Criticism 1 Prejudice The one described as the state of the Tochnikin keywords Thinking, work sharing, production, LiePsr, buyer and user habits lead to a prejudice in the professional world that an improvement in energy use partially excludes or prevents. As far as old construction methods are used, it is necessary to supplement with today's inexpensive building materials (e.g. 8. transparent Material).

Key words are given below as examples.

1 a Reduction in consumption and cost awareness The trend towards easier work and automation led to a decline in energy and energy cost awareness. In the decades up to 1973 this resulted in an extreme increase in consumption.

Although the building users are now for various reasons are willing to reduce consumption, they often lack the technical prerequisites to recognize the consumption quantities, the consumption costs and suitable options ur consumption reduction. Often the amount of energy consumed is increased by automation only recognizable at the time of the final settlement (annual peak settlement), so if There is no longer any possibility of influencing consumption.

1b Reduction of the susceptibility to influence through exact automatic compliance The preselected setpoints not only relieve the individual room users, but also also patronized and his ability to influence the plant is extremely limited. If he uses the rooms differently than preprogrammed, this leads to something unjustified Power consumption. In addition, differently used rooms are often automatic smoothly and the regulation designed according to the sum of the energy requirements.

The heat requirement of the early riser also leads to the heating of the rooms the late riser and vice versa.

In addition, the precise temperature control reduces the use of storage capacity of the building to absorb inexpensive heat.

le unnecessary energy saving Although the interest of the building user is actually only aimed at saving energy costs and at times cheap energy is available in abundance, automation becomes merely for storage the cheap energy used in special systems (e.g. stone or water storage tanks) and the rooms are not oversupplied. For example, the air change is not automatic elevated.

1 d Heat traps As far as rear ventilation is one-sided, can they lead to heat or cold falling. This possibility remains in the planning and execution disregarded.

1 e building moisture and vegetation to reduce energy costs is only observed from the point of view of damage prevention. The possibility with the hygroscopic behavior of the materials, the temperature fluctuations increase dampening and storing latent heat remains unnoticed, also the possibility of over to recover heat from the formation of condensation in components and layers of air, not in use. Likewise, the hygroscopic behavior is not used as planned to avoid harmful condensation The possibilities also remain unaffected and advantages of growth in internal component layers.

1 f Increased effort as a result of rationalization The aspirations to Cheaper wage and material-saving large-scale production leads to unfriendly repairs Disposable products which, in the event of malfunctions, require the use of supraregional maintenance specialists with the procurement and use of special tools and special spare parts and force the system user into a monopoly-like dependency. That leads to increased follow-up effort.

1 g Extensive use of alternative energy The use of alternative energy is often operated with complicated and expensive, highly specialized systems, while other simple possibilities remain unused.

2. Heating control using the example of outside temperature-dependent control and the thermostatic valves should be shown how these devices operate against each other work and thus contribute to reducing energy savings.

The time-dependent flow temperature control applies to all connected Rooms and must meet the most unfavorable requirements. For example in Apartment building the wishes of the early riser in the morning room warming and the wishes of the long-term TV showers in the evening setback.

If you fail to close the radiator thermostat valves in the evening, in this way they open the radiator inflow as soon as the flow temperature is lowered and compensate for the low flow temperature by increasing the flow rate.

otel ventilation of the rooms through the windows should be the heater thermostat valve getting closed. If this preparation is forgotten, the radiator gives during of the ventilation process from increased amounts of heat.

@@ dh @ re Fea @ s @ uff-Eiazelofen had to be topped up regularly. @@ funrte in the event of omissions @@@ @ ner @ i @@@@@@@@@@@ d @ rch Verlösch @ n. But the @ rn @ ut @ @@ rmezufuhr was very labor-intensive, polluting and with a long delay tied together.

In the case of single-stove heating, neglect and human indolence resulted for @energy saving. With today's heating controls it is exactly the opposite. That is a mistake in terms of the quality of energy use.

3. Disadvantages of the simplification of cost recording and billing At the time of single furnace heating, the amount of solid fuel used was for Visible and understandable to every room user. The energy consumption was conscious and was due to the cash payment to the coal man, and that before the start of consumption, too impressed in the cost consciousness of all those present.

With transition to central heating, for filling with liquid fuel or the use of energy bound by the line @, the cashless payment and the automatic Direct debiting, consumption and cost awareness was gradually reduced, by the subsequent billing - often also debiting - arose largely the feeling Nothing can be changed in the final accounts and energy consumption anyway.

4. Delays from the heat request to full heating output Efforts to flexibly regulate hot water heating lead to small cross-sections with high losses of auxiliary energy (circulation pumps) and still brings considerable delays when changing the heat supply, because the individual radiators are only filled and needs to be heated up or cools down after being switched off. Particularly disadvantageous This problem affects the application of low temperature heating Use of environmental energy (e.g. 8. heat pumps). This applies to both radiator heating, as well as underfloor heating. Even with low-temperature convectors, the device must hot water must first be flowed through and heated up before the full heating output takes effect. The flow resistance of convectors is particularly high.

Due to the delays in starting the reheating of the room air the willingness of the room users to temporarily lower the temperature during Leaving the room impaired.

Both the higher absence temperature and the larger auxiliary energy requirements oppose a better use of energy.

works with the help of evaporation tubes when billing heating costs the build-up of heat in radiator cladding is disadvantageous. la the effectiveness the use of the fan, however, depends on forced guidance, i.e. on cladding the advantages of using the fan are due to unjustified increases the evaporation and billing values are superimposed. Possible advantages are in particular accelerated room heating and the use of lower flow temperatures to name.

5. Liquid reservoirs with different temperatures Little technology leads to the feeding of various heat generators with different Temperature offer either to considerable measurement and control effort or the mixing different temperature ranges limit the profitability of heat generation a. The assignment with measuring and control devices is expensive and prone to failure and causes additional energy consumption during operation.

If the buoyancy of water is above and below 40 C they become storage tanks not performed with these temperature ranges (water and ice water).

6. Heating water storage tank Small heating water storage tanks are accessible through the Fascination volume large shell part expensive and economically unfavorable. With big ones Storage systems have transport problems when they are brought in because of the door openings into the building. In addition, the great weight forces it to be placed on the basement floor. The ceilings in existing buildings are not sufficient for this load and are very expensive in the case of Nsubauten as a result of such a static dimensioning.

All heat accumulators have transmission losses that occur when they are raised represent heat loss in basement rooms.

7. Pressure difference between storage tank and heating system is uneconomical The heat dissipation via heat exchanger surfaces costs additional investments and is conditional a loss in temperature level. Since with alternative heat generation the heat prices increase with the temperature level, this has a negative impact on the economy.

When designing the heating water storage tank for static liquid pressure The costs per m2 of storage tank wall increase with the pressure of the liquid and have a negative impact economic efficiency in tall buildings.

The mechanical conveyance of the heating water from a pressureless storage in the heating system requires mechanical energy (pump work). In the next Years ago, however, there is an increasing price difference between the production of mechanical Expect energy and heating. The cost of the pumping work then diminishes Saving through storage.

8. Dependent operation of several valves is complex With the number of the necessary valve actuations, the variety of types and the technical susceptibility to failure increases. In the case of manual operation, the operator's attention is particularly important, if actuation in the wrong combination or sequence leads to damage.

The usual multi-way valves in the heating area are mainly used the temperature change due to mixing and provide facilities for this to the deterioration of primary energy use (exergy loss).

In the heating area, the systems should be used by untrained personnel (e.g. B. HausSrauen) can be served. This leads to bivalent heat supply systems partly to very large Regular effort and partly for confusion for the figurehead and the operator. In addition, if there is a lot of control effort the local craftsmen strongly rely on special products from the supplier industry and theirs EraaZz parts storage dependent.

9. Hygroscopic behavior on the outer surface undesirable The hygroscopic Behavior is so far only in connection with the breakdown of the building moisture and with Pay attention to the risk of later component moisture penetration (inside or outside). It is often achieved through the choice of material (brick instead of NS stone) or through intermediate layers, or by additional components, or by painting attempts to reduce the influence of the to reduce hygroscopic behavior. Only in the area of the inner wall coating (e.g. wood or interior plaster) this property is desirable as a moisture buffer.

up to now it has always been emphasized that the thermal conductivity increases with increasing building material moisture and thus the energy losses increase.

Practically irrespective of this, the positive influence of the hygrosopic remains Behavior to save energy Only when discussing greenhouse construction the advantage of living plants in this regard is recognized.

Also the possibility of condensation in and on components The use of released heat has so far been ignored.

10. Weather protection Dark facade surfaces are protected by heat Solar radiation heated up. Due to the higher temperature expansions Joints necessary. However, they require ur water drainage coverings that are creative are controversial. For technical and economic reasons it is with the big ones Temperature fluctuations smell possible to fill the joints.

Attachment to special substructures requires @@@@@@@@@@@@ in the @@@@@@@ @@@ @@ @@@@@@@@ The vapor-permeable coatings allow only light colors due to the temperature stresses and force reflection the radiation and thus the B @@ genergie. They also have to be large on the building produced under outside temperature conditions.

11. Windproofness and water drainage on insulation elements As the thickness of the installed insulation layers increases, the unfavorable influence of thermal bridges due to joint leaks increases. Since insulation materials are easily damaged during installation, groove and fader connections must be easy to assemble. Smooth connections, however, often show when there is wind, z. B. with a ventilated outer skin, leaks.

In the case of water-draining cover layers, the shaping during the production process is usually complex and one Subsequent shaping of insulation layers with a top layer leads to damage to the top layer.

12. Thermal bridges through fire protection when using non-combustible cheaper insulation materials (e.g. mineral wool) is the strength of the insulation material , .Jering that the weather protection cannot be worn from it. Using Inexpensive, stable insulation materials (e.g. plastic foams) do not have the load-bearing capacity in case of fire. Anchoring of Outer skin elements on flammable insulation materials are not permitted. It will be in case of fire Feared of damage from falling parts Xt.

The therefore common supporting structures of the weather protection cladding form thermal bridges. With increasing insulation thicknesses lead to heat losses the formation of thermal bridges leads to a strong devaluation of the additional expenditure on insulation thickness.

13. Heat losses through statically oriented dimensioning The priority the static dimensioning of the components at the transition from normally heated areas to unheated areas leads to thermal bridges and energy losses.

Examples are balcony cantilever slabs, cornices, wall cladding, connections the basement walls etc.

14, Sliding thermal protection for facade openings The sealing of the joint between building and sliding heat protection shutter or takes place according to deci Systsm the labyrinth seal.

These seals are unsatisfactory and have an air exchange the gap with the outside air, which leads to energy losses.

As far as the closing process is automated, the regulation takes place primarily from the point of view of saving labor and not saving energy. In the case of centralized control, the individual room users have no way of operating.

1@. Covering massive walls The non-transparent wall coverings keep the absorbed thermal energy away from the storable wall mass.

The strong irradiation of the predominantly thin cladding materials leads to high temperature fluctuations and only leaves because of the large thermal expansions small format plates too. Large-format designs (e.g. 8th sheet metal) lead to noises. The rear ventilation reduces the transfer of the radiated heat from the shingling on the massive wall. An exception is the laying of shingles containing ashs directly on wood wool lightweight building boards. The wood wool lightweight building boards hasn air-permeable and elastic structure.

For medical reasons, - the use of asbestos-containing materials undesirable. Differences in price compared to narcotics substitutes are strongly effective because the Due to the large cover dimensions, the panel surface is much larger than the facade surface.

The use of more transparent materials speaks against the use of more transparent materials Price, the flammability (e.g. 8. Plexiglas), the award (e.g. GRP), the bad Processability (e.g.

Drilling glass).

The water absorption with bare walls or with corresponding Cladding materials lead to heat loss after precipitation due to evaporation heat.

When renovating existing buildings, the construction thickness causes from shingling, supporting structure and rear ventilation, execution problems because existing drip edges z. B. too low on the window sills or on the roof aisle protrude in front of the wall surface.

16. Wall insulation, collectors, Trombewall, conservatory flei externally insulated With or without rear ventilation of the weather protection, the amount of heat radiated can be are only slightly recorded and saved in weather protection.

With internally insulated walls, a large part of the radiant heat absorbed goes lost to the outside air through radiation and convection and the disadvantages of strong component cooling become fully effective.

With the majority of the existing exterior walls, thermal insulation is uneconomical low and the time of the phase shift is so short that their advantages are not take full effect. Because the economic insulation thickness at Today's energy prices exceed 10 cm, they come up against building regulations when it comes to external insulation Boundaries (building alignment lines) and result in considerable usable floor restrictions in the case of interior insulation. Ii subsequent improvement in phase shift appears with conventional Methods using additional mass, e.g. a facing wall, technical possible. However, it fails due to cost problems, space problems (such as with insulation) and static problems.

The radiation gains from internally or externally insulated walls are mostly impaired by the evaporation losses of the absorbed precipitation moisture.

Collectors can only use the amount of radiation that the absorber can use and the medium is heated to well above the respective storage tank temperature.

The return temperature to the storage tank is consistently higher than the room air temperature and far higher than the outside temperature of an internally insulated wall. It goes in the case of short-term and low radiation, the amount also lost that i ", medium inside the collector, in the absorber and in the transparent cover is. The costs for the collectors including storage and control system are relative expensive. That is why so far they have rarely been used for walls, but only for roof surfaces enforced with greater radiation supply.

The use of the Trombewand requires that the storage mass is higher Temperature than the room has. Without heat protection outside the glazing, the Temperature of the Trombewand in this country during most of the heating season below the room temperature w The movable external heat protection is expensive to manufacture, requires time-consuming manual or expensive automatic operation. tr is Sensitive to wind and, compared to conventional thermal insulation, prone to failure and short-lived.

The winter garden is for subsequent attachment to existing ones Buildings usually take up too much space. Around the winter garden in summer and in the transitional periods To be able to use it as an expansion of the living space is a planting for regulation the humidity and for temperature damping necessary. The one moistened by the plants If the rooms behind it are polluted, air leads to heating purposes - to a condensation hazard, because the furnishings and the room delimitation of the rooms are cool. The Energi @@ inspection due to the gain in radiation it is partly consumed again in times of frost without Radiation gain (e.g. at night) to heat the winter garden to such an extent that the plants survive (e.g.

+ 5 ° C).

17. Collector air routing from hot air collectors on the roof A reduction in air exchange resulting from efforts to save energy often leads to Failure to meet the hygienically required values. Step in the stringed sequence Moisture damage and mold growth. At the same time, the enormous on the The amount of energy radiated into the roof surface is perceived as annoying and also during the heating season "insulated away". Collectors for heating water production are so far u. a. because of the need for frost protection, too expensive.

Impair the cable cross-sections required for hot air collectors the interior design in residential and office buildings results in considerable transport noises, form sound bridges between living and office spaces and cause fire protection problems in the area of apartment separating ceilings.

18 Construction method by Warmluttko, llectors For the various external components In connection with the construction of hot air collectors, there is the possibility of interconnection of the construction elements insufficiently exhausted. This leads to complex constructions and costs.

For flat roofs or slightly inclined roof surfaces as warm roofs the collactors appear as small inclined elements on the elaborate layered roof structure on top, which is in particular due to the statics, the vapor diffusion, the heat protection, the sealing and protection of the sealing is determined.

In the case of cold roof constructions (and walls), the thermal insulation is increased or under the static load-bearing cross-section, or in the fields in between.

The static spans of profile glasses are based on metallic Substructures fully used. With the multitude of light wooden roof constructions However, glasses with larger spans are not used because of the risk of warping the wood cuts are not absorbed by the brittle Claswerkstoff.

The use of glass as a compression member in components subject to bending in connection with wood and steel does not take place.

The choice of elastic, translucent covers (e.g.

B. plastics) leads to high costs and / or early material aging.

The growth on components is now often used.

Above @ u the @planting in winter gardens or similar tr @ ibhaus-like Building parts. The advantages of the moisture balance through the growth in building components remain ignored or are rejected, 19 shortcomings of the Collect @ r @ sstaltung with maximizing the use of radiation @e more @s succeed, big the more it shows, the more coherent, transparent irradiation surfaces the sensitivity of large dark areas to external and internal soiling and yer dyes.

They can be caused by dust, splashing water, condensation, fading, static electricity, cracking or blistering and many other causes appear.

The avoidance of the building requires special effort. Also the execution - of joints that cannot be visually emphasized requires special @ Care. Z. 8. the choice of color and production of permanently elastic grouting.

Even after completion, the areas require, in particular on facades, ainen increased cleaning, care and maintenance to keep a clean Maintain or restore appearance.

This is necessary in the manufacture and use for the appearance Expenditure for cosmetic defects that are hardly effective from an energy point of view is cost-effective far beyond the benefits of the associated energy cost savings can be made.

The functionally designed radiation receiving surfaces often act as Foreign bodies in the individual or urban appearance and stand often, especially in.

historical surroundings, against an execution.

20 Inner shutters Conventional outer shutters, z. B. Shutters cannot be operated from the inside, or have a high Joint portion, e.g. B. shutters, and accordingly high heat loss, also brings the subsequent installation, z. 8. Difficulties caused by a single tenant.

In connection with inner shutters on walls and sloping ceilings As the windows become more and more water-tight, the air exchange in the space between them is greater (2008) with the indoor air (2003) is greater than that with the outside air (2009) and leads with cooling in the space between (2006) to the increase in relative humidity and to Condensation.

IV Objective and Improvement 1. General The aim is to achieve a better use of energy against the prevailing thinking, production and usage habits and against existing prejudices through technical facilities, for example: to regulate and use the consumption of valuable heating energy in a user-dependent manner in this way to make conscious and influenceable, to store the use of cheap energy up to the limit of the individual reasonableness directly in the usable area of the building and thus to use the capacity of the existing storage mass, the choice of hygroscopic materials (wood, cork, peat, cotton, Salt, @@ -,) and the preservation of this property, Exploiting the moisture in and on building component layers to improve the use of energy, designing diffusion-tight external cladding without conventional rear ventilation, enabling and promoting growth in internal building components, using gravity to regulate the heat supply and for the energy-saving design of the building envelope, require higher investment costs to reduce the local adaptability and the maintenance dependency, lower the energy costs through increased air exchange.

Uie arguments for explanation and effect prices as well as the application variants were not repeated for each individual proposal, but were based on an example and are to be transferred accordingly to the other claims.

2. User-dependent heating control The aim is to achieve full temperature control only take effect when the room user is actually present and actually want a temperature control.

In contrast, absence and indifference or negligence are supposed to be automatically lead to energy savings.

The control systems are based on this automation principle executed and only damage prevention is selected as the minimum temperature, The simplest form could be a somewhat throttled conventional radiator, that caused by the switching on and off of a possibly oscillating Fan is blown and during the fan operation by amplify convection causes a temperature increase in the um.

3. Make awareness of costs before energy consumption. For careful use of energy it is a prerequisite that the use is made consciously and influenced in advance can be.

That is why the person responsible for costs, e.g. 8. the housewife, the energy costs in small, manageable values, e.g. 6. 20, - DM, before consumption by handing out to be released at a cost release facility.

The release device (5) can be actuated in various ways be. Line 8. Coin counter, units to be purchased, code cards, push of a button. Depending on The actual billing and payment can also be operated differently be designed.

The timely promotion of cost awareness can also be different Types of energy (heating water, service water, electricity, Other uses too can be connected to the same release device. -Z. 8. Operation the ventilation system, cold water connection, etc. In the event of a lack of approval, all or some of the functions are blocked or restricted.

A, n the release devices can already be released, but still unused value are displayed.

In addition, the value can be displayed that has been released, but still has not been billed. With this, the increasing payment obligation becomes w ith everyone aware of the renewed release of costs.

4. Decoupling of room heat supply and room temperature control It will aimed to obtain a particularly flexible heating system with low temperatures which quickly generates high levels of heat.

That is why the beginning of the heat release to the room air is from the power disconnected from the heating water supply.

The radiator and the surrounding structural and technical systems Parts are kept at full temperature at all times. The static heat emission is compensated by the supply of heating water.

As soon as, for. B. initiated the heat supply through the room thermostat air circulates around the radiator and the surrounding components the heat is extracted and released into the room air.

As soon as the heat stored in the surrounding components is withdrawn the heat output of the circulating air on the heat dissipation of the radiator decreases and its heat supply, By decoupling the start of the heat release the room air from the initial heat supply of the heating water,; n the radiator it the initial heating capacity of the circulating air is greater than that which can be achieved later Continuous output.

The heat content of the radiator and the surrounding Uautoile are after stopping the supply of heat to the room air, recharged until the storage thermostat closes.

The combination of the storage heater with the user-dependent Regulation is a matter of course. The explanation is given in section 2.

by arranging a supply air duct (415) with a flexible Supply air flap (421) is both a forced ventilation of the radiator (401), and allows normal room air circulation.

The supply air flap (421) is mounted and rotatable about an axis (417) includes a fan (409) for Zwangsbeluf 'device, a closure flap that the The remaining cross-sectional area of the supply air duct (415) next to the fan closes and counterweights (418), which are used to largely compensate for the weight of the supply air flap (421) to serve.

When the fan is switched off, the equilibrium distribution is achieved the supply air flap (421) has a wide clearance aes cross section of the supply air duct (415). The air in the room can and also brush along the radiator (401) almost without restriction the heat radiation of the radiator is only negligibly affected.

The fan (409) can, depending on the room thermostat and the Request button (203) switched on werae. when the fan (409) is running its recoil force the imbalance of the supply air flap (421) and funrt to close of the supply air duct (415) through the supply air flap (421). The fan (409 ) brought into a favorable position for forced ventilation of the radiator (401).

@If the fan is switched off, there is an imbalance in the supply air flap again to open the supply air duct (415).

There is no heat build-up in the area in any operating situation of the evaporation tube (420) and it thus becomes a disadvantageous heating cost burden avoided. On the other hand, the .room can, if requested by the present Users can be heated up faster and / or the heater can be operated with lower flow temperatures operated and thus enables a more economical use of energy, e.g. through Use of heat pumps.

With a simple solution it is also possible to use the supply air duct andior the closing flap andtor not turning the fan.

5. Temperature stratification with gravity to keep both the measurement and control effort and the auxiliary energy consumption low. This makes it possible to use even small Spicherßinheiten z. B. integrated in wall or roof surfaces are economical to manufacture and operate.

The objective of low energy consumption is achieved by using the Gravity achieved. The objective of the assignment of the storage tank temperature level is achieved through the sensible branching of the feed lines.

The objective of a circulation of light cold water (ice water) in the zones with hot water is achieved by using the temperature expansion of an auxiliary material, z. B. the contraction of a plastic thread in the cold, achieved.

6. Heating water storage tank The objectives of improvement are: (1) Reduction of Heat loss through (1.1) the increase in volume reduces the proportionate Abl'hiungsoberflachen the container (1.25 the double element design allows the Collection of waste heat as useful heat (1.3) the installation in heated Rooms reduce the temperature gradient and convert the waste heat into useful heat for room heating (2) Reduction of the heat exchange between different temperature zones through (2.1) the internal thermal insulation reduces the longitudinal heat conduction through the storage wall (2.2) The storage assembly from sections allows insulation between the mostly metallic parts and thus a reduction in the longitudinal heat conduction of section au section (2.3) the partitions reduce the longitudinal heat conduction of the water between the different temperature zones.

(3) Utilization of low heating water temperatures for domestic water heating by 4.1 arrangement of domestic water boilers in different temperature zones of the Storage tank that primarily uses the low heating water temperatures for domestic hot water insulation use and thus exploit the possibilities of economical heat generation, although the final hot water temperature in the lower temperature zones cannot be achieved.

(4) Statically problem-free storage installation in heated rooms (4.15 as a high storage tank over several floors with warm temperature zones in heated Space and only load the basement floor (4.2) through intermediate floors with intermediate thicknesses (which are also connecting lines (5) Rational production and ease of transport and assembly, as well as easy storage by (5.1) typing the structural elements of the storage facility (sections, intermediate floors, Intermediate pieces) for the production of container volumes of different sizes from the same Structural elements (5.24 such a number of the dimensions of the sections that Building doors (smaller 0.80 x 2.00 m) can be transported and still have storage dimensions that are larger than the door openings (5.34 Choosing hot water boilers and Installation in the heating water storage tank that is larger than the dimensions of the sections can, but can be transported through normal building doors.

(e.g. # 0.75 m and 2.30 m long or high) 7 pressure swap tanks The aim is to improve the economic use of energy through storage, by (1) storing in large storage tanks, (Z) storing without pressure (Pressure only from storage tank contents). (3), the feed takes place without temperature loss takes place as a result of heat exchanger surfaces.

One or more pressure change tanks are used to solve the problem installed between the heating system and the unpressurized storage tank, which alternate with are connected to the storage tank (pressureless) and to the heating system (under pressure) and replace the heating water.

8. Multiple valves Extensive switchovers should be easy to handle and are designed to be operable for the layperson, so that they are costly and susceptible to failure Regulations can be waived.

For example, a housewife should move a lever from "Summer" to "transition period" in a multivalent heating system a large number of Valves can switch in the correct type and order, and that should be local craftsman or fitter with low stocks one strong own The ability to vary is made possible, which not only applies to the creation of the system, but also for later additions or repairs with a low stock of spare parts gets by.

9. Use of hygroscopic component outer layers Aim of this application it is the previously neglected building physics advantages of the hygroscopic behavior to use to compensate for daily temperature fluctuations.

This means that at least in the transition period, heating energy,; . by circulation dor heating season, can be saved, The surface of a building and the immediate Adjacent layers of air are strongly heated by bus radiation. The higher the temperature difference to the environment, the higher the heat losses through Radiation and contact. These losses are lower with hygroscopic components than usual. The layers of air close to the surface experience a strong one when heated Lowering of the relative humidity and removing the adjoining component layers Fruity, this binds heat and reduces the temperature difference. During the evening and night cooling, the relative humidity increases on and the surface layer of the building material absorbs moisture and thereby sets Heat free.

The average temperature gradient from the inside out will be flattened. The claims aim to absorb radiation through a dark color to increase, to moderate the temperature difference through hygroscopic building materials and the disadvantages of the hygroscopic behavior by keeping out the precipitation to mitigate (see also description of section 15 storage facade cladding. The meaning of paragraph 9.2 of the claim is in Section 12 Fire Protection Fastening So much for the advantages of these moisture fluctuations due to the capillary structure -the building materials are favored, e.g. B.

by extending it to deeper layers below the surface, see above the claims also apply to this property.

At the same time, the condensation occurring in and on components should from exhaust air (and diffusion) can be used.

In the case of a multilayered insulation layer, the hygroscopic material may be restricted to the outer areas.

10. Multi-layer thermal insulation cover The breakdown of the thermal insulation cover in two levels allows an appropriate breakdown of functions and the combination various advantages.

The older construction level "e" with open narrow spaces avoids stretching problems as a result of heat radiation and can be carried out with dark, durable materials and are borne by the inner level The outer level takes on the driving rain And the water-repellent surface can keep evaporation losses low.

The inner level can exert the load on the insulation material over a large area transfer. It can be made diffusion-open. Because they are mostly from driving rain and other external influences can also be implemented in Assembly parts.

The sizes and formats of the inner level and the outer level can be independent of each other.

The assembly is immediately after changes in outside temperature independent of the installation. With small formats the outer construction plane can the distance between the two levels can also be kept small.

The distance between the inner and outer construction plane can be expressed as Exhaust cross-section for heated air can be expanded and promotes the use of the U-world energy available through solar radiation outside the thermal insulation.

A radiation-permeable apron reaching from above (e.g. Glass plates) promotes the formation and collection of warm air, dis then the warm air collector the roof or the building rooms or the heat generation system can. (In Figure 1, the upper cornice on the facade with execution (10).) The multi-layer Thermal insulation cover removes constructive obstacles (coloring, thermal bridging) in the design of heat-insulating facades.

11. Deforming insulation element connection From dL-fl different butt connections are only the tongue and groove connections and their modifications to prevent twisting insensitive. In order to improve the tightness, it is important to assemble to facilitate without increasing the risk of damage or the permanent leakage. Permanent tightness is to be achieved by deformation constraints when joining will.

Insulation boards with water-draining cover layers can be produced particularly economically as a simple layer A water-draining shape should be produced subsequently without damaging the water-draining cover layers. The groove depressions lead to air calming and the depth of the groove allows the flanks to evade when they are joined together and later at least partially press down again.

12. Thermal insulation with anchoring in case of fire. Around the thermal bridges as a result of the anchoring, -will the outer skin for the assembly- and State of construction attached to the insulation layer. As a precaution in the event of a fire, additional Anchors made of non-combustible building materials are installed, but they are made of different on the other hand: insulated parts exist and thus do not cause thermal bridging, In the event of a fire, if the load-bearing capacity of the insulation material is lost, the insulation material will be loosened Parts of the outer skin are secured against falling by the non-flammable anchors and consequential damage avoided.

While usual anchorages the load on the weather protection is rigid transferred to the ground and used for bending and impact forces from its own weight, snow, Ice and storms are measured, only the dead weight in the event of fire should be used here a suspension, so a tensile stress can be absorbed. That leads to too much lower forces and anchorage cross-sections. This anchoring must be normal not be continuous, but can consist of several interlocking loops, There are hooks, etc., which are separated by insulating material and only touch each other if the insulation material is destroyed in the event of a fire.

13. Heat-insulating load transfer The aim is to reduce the constructive thermal bridges and a reduction of those often cited in the specialist literature "Practical building limits of thermal insulation" through equal consideration the statics and the thermal insulation in the constructive dimensioning. Since generally with Increasing strength of the building materials is also associated with an increase in thermal conductivity is, the strength should be fully exploited to the heat transferring surface to keep it low. In the case of metallic components, this occurs by exceeding the limit the elastic area during pressure transmission, 14 Sliding thermal protection for facade openings The sliding heat protection (1401) is fitted with seals on the sides and on top (1402) connected to the wall surface (1403).

The space (1404) between the sliding heat protection (1401) and the window (1405) forms a warm air trap.

In conjunction with a single or double window, the supply air duct take place so that the supply air part of the transmission losses for preheating records.

The change in the distance to the wall can be mechanical, electromechanical, be done electromagnetically or pneumatically and by changing the distance between wall and track or between track and heat protection drawer. Running track = guide To detach the sliding heat protection (1401) from the wall the upper and lower guides (1406) (runners) through removers (1407), the z. B. can consist of pivot levers or cylinders, removed from the wall without that the angle formed between guides (1406) and wall surface (1403) will, must change. This type of actuation protects the seals (i402) and allows a long working time.

In the withdrawn position, the sliding heat protection (1401) can be used as Use privacy and sun protection.

The displacement of the sliding heat protection (1401) on the guides (1406) takes place in the usual way (roller or plain bearings).

The guides (1406) can be arranged on a slight slope, so that they close and close when the brake is triggered.

It is operated from the interior in a mechanical or electromechanical manner Art.

The actuation is primarily used to save energy. One automatic control can be initiated from a central release of the brake (1406) exist during the heating season depending on the brightness (twilight switch) and can also take place as a function of the outside temperature. The opening can can be done again by the respective room user. This regulation ensures be that the Festateller is automatically triggered when the transmission losses the radiation losses of the window exceed4 In addition, the sliding heat protection (1401) only open when a room user enters and uses daylight want.

There is also an automatic opening of the on sunny sides of the building Sliding heat protection possible during building occupancy, depending on the triggered by the sun's rays.

15. Storage facade cladding through the transparent execution of the Cladding elements, the radiant energy hits the preferably dark one storable wall and is converted into heat. The warming will do that Temperature gradient from the room to the outside reduced on average during the heating season.

The cladding reduces heat loss to the outside air.

The cell-like subdivision of the airspace (1504) and the prevention The rear ventilation through the upper joint connection (1509) acts like a hot air trap for warm, light rising air. The connection to the outside air enables that Use of the advantages resulting from the hygroscopic behavior of the storage surface result.

The fastening of the cladding elements without holes 1 t a simple one artisanal glass processing too. The use of shock-resistant transparent, but cladding materials with other disadvantages (aging, fire protection) (e.g. plastics) can be limited.

The overlap can be achieved through the joint cover and the joint connection and thus the cost of materials for the cladding elements can be reduced. Just one free glass jug.

The temperature load on the cladding elements is caused by the duct the radiation is reduced.

Since transparent materials are neither hygroscopic nor absorbent, Precipitation is quickly diverted and the associated evaporation heat losses avoided.

The permanently elastic joint connection is protected from direct precipitation protected and takes away the differences in expansion from cladding elements Joint ceilings and storage mass.

he small upper construction thickness enables the connection under narrow window sills and other connections.

In addition, please refer to the comments on sections 9, 16, 18 and 19 referenced.

16. Spatial and supply air facade The aim is to the advantages of stationary thermal insulation with a simple use of the radiated To bind warmth. Also in the area of existing buildings. The Any existing mass of the outer wall is used. Due to the thermal insulation on the room side (1607) the temperature of the storage (1601) of the wall is gosenkt and the storage capacity increased, which are absorbed with the same temperature gradient to the outside air (1603) can.

The translucent cladding elements (1602) protect the memory (1601) of precipitation and evaporative heat losses. They reduce heat loss of the store (1601) to the outside air, (1603) without the radiation gain substantially To reduce, this effect is made even more by multilayer cladding elements (1602) favored because the radiation absorption in the inner translucent element (1616) is already protected from convection by the outside air.

The phase shift is improved far more than it is with the same Construction density and the same weight per unit area possible through conventional variants is.

The version with outer profile glass (1615) combines-these advantages the weather resistance of the glass with the rapid drainage of the precipitation (low heat of evaporation). The profiling armed with large spans -low installation effort and a small number of anchoring-related thermal bridges to memory (1601).

In contrast to collectors, which only have a minimum amount of radiation and a minimum temperature difference enable circulation for heat storage, Every small irradiation leads to a heat build-up in the storage tank (1601).

The heat loss of the memory (1601) through the cladding elements (1602) is mitigated by the fact that gravity air circulation occurs and leads to a heat transport in the memory (1601) when the air gap (1605) is warmer than the air spaces (1608) or the air ducts (1609).

A discharge of the accumulator (1601) by reverse gravity circulation is prevented by the non-return valves (1610) during the heating season.

In contrast, a gravitational discharge of the memory (1601) during the midsummer time by switching the flow direction of the non-return valves (1610). For this purpose, an upper connection of the air gap can also be used (1605) with the outside air (1603).

In contrast to other ventilated facade claddings no upper connection between the air gap during the entire heating time (1605) and the outside air (1603).

If it z. 8. by diffusion moisture to the increase in air moisture and condensation would occur, the condensation zone would be on the inside of the Disguise men (1602). There the condensation heat would be an energy gain and that Condensation could flow down into the open air to the outside air (1603).

As the outside air as supply air to the room (1606) through the air gap (1605) is passed through, it heats up and the relative humidity drops. In contrast to the principle of the winter garden, there is no moisture in the heated air is supplied, this causes a drying of the memory (1601). The one through the air gap (16a5) air circulating in the rooms (1606) is so dry that it is there does not lead to the formation of moisture, with the passage and preheating of the supply air in the area of the air gap, the temperature gradient between the air admixing area (1605) and outside air (1603) as well as between air in the room (1606) and supply air. Both of these reduce the building's heat loss, compared to window ventilation the amount of heat generated by preheating the air represents a gain in heat. The windows may be and stay permanently tight.

The room-side thermal insulation (1607) has, in contrast to the conventional Interior insulation not only functions as protection against cooling in winter, but at the same time protection of the room from the increased wall temperature of the storage tank during the summer (1601) to take over.

The fan fans (1612-) can be superimposed to ensure the minimum air change, via a time program or depending on the air quality of the room (t606), being controlled.

A higher-level control system switches the fan during the heating season (1612). if this enables energy to be gained. That can depend on the supply air temperature or on the temperature difference between supply air and room air take place. With this regulation, the room can also be independent of user behavior with inventory and enclosing components are charged with heat. (Maximize the use of cheap energy).

The mentioned automatic fan switching can be used for a short time Time (e.g. 30 minutes) can be reversed manually by the room user.

This makes it possible for the room user, if he is present, to be a) blows in additional fresh supply air, although this is a supply of cool air connected, or b) he can interrupt the automatic heat supply if him the overheating of the room by the fan becomes uncomfortable.

In both cases, the time limit for the changeover saves energy.

Since the air supply is always operated for automatic heating purposes if it leads to heat gain during the heating season, this system results In contrast to the usual energy-saving measures, an increase instead of one at times Restriction of the air exchange.

The non-return safety devices (1613) prevent that when the lock is open (1614) and standstill of the fan (1612) by gravity or wind warm Lutt from the room (1606) reaches the memory. This would result in heat losses and an increased risk of condensation in the area of the memory (1601).

The horizontal profile arrangement of the cladding elements (1602) the outside of the air gap (1605) facilitates the removal of warm air the surface of the memory (1601) and increases the heat transfer resistance on the cladding element.

The elastic connection of the various construction levels and their weight per unit area results in an improvement in the sound insulation. In particular With the elimination of the ventilation through the sound weak point window, the steel facilitated by double windows.

The supply air duct along the inner thermal insulation (1607) through air spaces (1608) or air ducts (1609) at the same time cause a back-up of the transmission losses, occurring from space (1606) to memory (1601).

17 Collector air duct with roof hot air collector The objective is aimed at improving the air flow in connection with hot air collectors a better use of energy while at the same time increasing the size of the air tube reach.

With little investment and energy expenditure, the large area and very irregularly available energy radiation obtained as warm air and the heat in various parts of the building using goringer Temperature differences are stored.

The creation of the buffer zone (1702) in connection with a gravity circulation and non-return flaps (1703) allow small and strongly changing amounts of radiation to use according to the principle of the heat trap.

By including the stairwell (1703) in the distribution system, a large existing transport cross-section is used with low air speed and correspondingly low noise development can supply the south-facing rooms, the supply through the staircase enables a central supply to the north-facing rooms. The incidence of cold air through the inner stairwell doors is reduced and the heating of the stairwell walls reduces the temperature gradient inside the building and the resulting transmission losses. The supply of hot air from the stairwell to the utility rooms can be regulated as required. The warm air that is not supplied to the usable rooms can be returned to the outside as exhaust air (17O9) through the cellar or other ancillary rooms with low temperature requirements. The walls or other storage masses such as water or heating oil storage can be heated. It is also possible to use the exhaust air (1709) eutl. to extract the heat together with the exhaust air from the utility rooms via heat exchangers or heat pumps.

18 Construction of hot air collectors a) General The objective is aimed at hot air collector en / with economic aging-resistant Execute materials and integrate them into the external components to the extent that a part the tasks of the external attachments from the collector elements is taken over and thereby cost-effective solutions can be achieved.

b) hygroscopic insulation material by choosing hygroscopic Insulation layers with a large effective surface in external components can be vapor-tight Outer surfaces are made of glass and the vapor barrier can still be used on the The warm side of the insulation layer is not required. The diffusing moisture is in the Insulation layer stored and when operating the hot air collector with the relative transported away dry air.

In the case of insulation made from bulk materials (cork grist * peat etc., the surface secured (Figure 18.1). Such constructions are also suitable for roof renovation suitable.

The balancing function of hygroscopic insulation layers (1804) can through a suitable. Earth vegetation (1833) varied. Through a humidification system (1832) can promote plant growth, increase the choice of varieties and the climate in the air layer (1802) can be influenced directly or indirectly.

c) Elastic mounting of glass propiles profile glasses are with regard to of the material is particularly long-lasting. '; They are statically self-supporting over larger spans, if the substructure does not warp or the warpage does not cause excessive stress of the glass leads. Claims 18.3 to 18.6 describe the elastic mounting. By placing the profile glass (1805) on elastic support members (1806) (e.g. 8 timber 4/4) at a short distance (e.g. 8. 1 m) is when the support members are rejected (1806) the support width of the profile glass (180S) has not yet been exceeded.

The distance between the support members (1806) can, for example, be half the possible Support width of the profile glass (1805). In the event of faults, the deep-lying Support members (1806) relieved and the high ones loaded.

This creates a "soft bedding" for the brittle glass components.

The connection between profile glass (1805) and support member (1806) is supplemented by elastic suction anchors (1810).

The effect of the "soft bedding" becomes more elastic through the installation Connecting element (1807) between the support members (1806) and the wooden structure ('1809) added.

The connecting elements (1807) can be bent from reinforced hard rubber Sheet metal, other elastic materials or material combinations exist. she allow a narrowly limited freedom of movement at right angles to the construction surface and can also compensate for slight distortions in the Hplz construction (1809).

d) Construction height and rigidity of the substructure The faults the wooden structure (1809) at right angles to the roof level are made of multi-part Reduced build-up of pressure, tension and thrust elements (e.g. truss structures), by choosing a larger construction height, at the same time. ka.nn height can be saved by increasing the height of the insulation layer (1-804) to the same height as the wooden structure , (1809) is related (Figure 18.2). The insulation layer is provided by the wooden structure passed through.

As the construction height increases, the rigidity increases and decreases Deflection and increases - the length of the usable profile glasses. So that becomes technical problem and the high cost of the joint of the profile glasses reduced.

e) Inclusion of the profile glasses as compression members provided, the profile glass (1805) as l) ruckgliud into the static construction to be included to absorb the bending forces. To the power flow moderately in several equal Profile glasses (1805) are introduced on the head sides of the profile glasses (1805) End protile (1819) arranged. The cut surface of the glass is determined by the tolerance compensation (1840) balanced. And di.

Forces are from there on the pressure profile (1841) of the individual profile glass (1805) and further transferred to the centralizer (1842), which is the statically effective Connection to the end profile (1819) represents. The elastic master copy (1843) avoids eccentric load peaks. The vertical bar prevents strong eccentricities (1833), which is connected to the substructure.

The connections between profile glass (1805), pressure profile (1841) and End profile (1819) are with. permanently elastic mass (1831) sealed, this type of construction is favored by the closely spaced expansion coefficients won Glass and wood in the grain direction.

By steel tension members (1822) between the pressure profiles (1841) can be tensioned, the profile glasses (1805) are pre-tensioned and it negative bending moments of the entire cross-section can be absorbed.

The spacers (1844) can be attached to the Pro! glasses (1805) attached or be molded and prevent buckling of the profile glasses (1805) as a result the prestressing of the steel tendons (1822).

f) Two-ply glazing The cover (1801) can be a two-ply Glazing can be carried out. The outer glazing made of profiled glass (1805) takes the weathering and exposure. For the under Glazing can Simple flat glass can be tensioned from structural member to structural member, with pitched roofs the glass (1611) is counteracted by glass hooks or glass butt profiles or glass holding nails Keep slipping. In the case of a water-dissipating joint design, the glass (isii) a second drainage level through the leveling strips (1812) in the area of the joint of the profile glass is supplemented, q) Other By the increase in the upper Completion (1816) of the -ProPilglas, the water drainage is improved and the cover with 'an exchangeable clamping band (1817) made possible. Through exchangeable joint seal the exchange or replacement of individual profile glasses (1805) is also made easier.

The different grammages of the construction levels, the elastic Connection of the construction parts and the sound absorption capacity of each The selected insulation material enables favorable sound insulation values for the structure, Conventional absorber elements were used to partially use the hot air collector for liquid media laid on the insulation layer and to the storage tank or heat exchanger connected in the building.

The surface of the insulation layer can be water-draining as a second drainage level are executed.

19.Colour-designed collector surfaces, etc.

The execution should be chosen in such a way that small and only for the Appearance significant color adjustments and soiling due to color design and / or light-dark contrasts are superimposed and slight deviations optically no longer attract attention.

The effort for production, operation and maintenance can depend on the scope be limited, which is economical by a corresponding improvement in the energy yield can be justified.

In addition, the transparent surfaces should take the same measures can be designed according to the environment, such as B. from questions of monument protection may become necessary.

The application affects roof and wall surfaces as well as free-standing ones Collectors, apart from liquid and air collectors, there are trombone walls as well as storage tanks and supply air facades included.

20 Inner shutters The objective is an inner energy-saving, Easy to install and easy to operate windows load without the risk of Condensation.

The shutter (2001) can be turned, pushed or swung at will to be opened and any way by means of wall guide rails, swivel fittings, suspension be guided in the manner of curtains or rods.

The transmission losses are caused by the static layer of air that Heat transfers and the thermal insulation of the shutter (2001) mitigated by the Sealing the lower joint (2004) and the vertical joints (2005) becomes a cold air trap educated.

Through the permanent or adjustable opening at the top connection (2006) gravity causes an air exchange between the space (2008) and the Room air (2003) as soon as the air in the space (2008) is warmer than the Indoor air (2003).

This occurs especially when the sun shines through the window area on.

Likewise, the function of the cold air trap and the heat gain is carried out Air circulation through the arrangement of circulation openings (2010) with backflow protection (2011) achieved.

The formation of condensation water is, by the choice of hygroscopic materials', with a large surface on the surrounding surfaces of the interspace (2008) avoided. The moisture is buffered in it.

In addition to saving energy, the design improves the acting as a sound-absorbing surface and as a pliable facing cladding (2001), den-noise protection, especially at night.

The transparent execution of surfaces of the shutter (2001) allowed the advantages of heat and sound insulation are equally limited Use of daylight. This means that the window can be shuttered for as long during the heating period remain closed as the window does not have to be opened. Especially applies- this if the room is ventilated through a storage and supply air facade (16).

V Embodiments 1. General FIG. 1 shows a combination example the different measures on the same building using gravity stratification (5) is the heating water from various heat generators $ boiler, collector, heat pump) stored in the high heating water tank (6).

The heating water tank (6) is in the ring gear (101) and is sufficient up to the ground floor room (102), in which the waste heat from the storage unit is already useful heat.

The pressureless memory (104) serves as a further memory the pressure change tank (7) and the multiple valve (8) with the one under higher pressure standing hot water high storage tank (6) and the rest of the heat supply system in connection stands.

The user of the room (103) can after having received the next cost contribution has released the room temperature in his apartment at the cost release facility (3) of the room (103) with the user-dependent heating control (2) for a limited period Raise time. During the rest of the time, the storage heater (4) keeps the room temperature only on lowest values, e.g. B. Frost protection.

The storage facade cladding is on the side facing the sun (15), the storage air supply facade (16) and the intestinal air collector (18) in each case in connection shown with the collector color scheme (19). Corresponding to (15) and in particular (16) belonging interior insulation, inner shutters (20) are arranged.

On the side of the building facing away from the sun, there is multilayer external insulation Thermal insulation cover (10) shown by a thermal insulation cladding attachment (12) is held.

The power transmission of the rear, internally insulated flat roof takes place through the load transfer (13) to the externally insulated outer wall.

The outer wall has partially hygroscopic structural components (9).

The dam layers of the roof surface (105), on the back of the wall with storage tank supply air facade (16), on the back of the wall with storage tank facade cladding (15), on the hot air collector (18), the roof surface (106) and in the case of the multilayer Thermal insulation covers (10) are designed with a deforming insulation material connection (11).

On the wall with external insulation there is an external sliding heat protection (14) built in.

The collector air duct (17) comes from the hot air collector (is) of the pitched roof over the buffer (107) to the stairwell (108) and from there z. Am the room (109).

The exhaust air is routed from rooms (102), (103), (108) and (109) past the storage masses of the basement to room (101), to the heat pump (110) and from there outwards. The heat recovered by the heat pump becomes the High heating water storage tank supplied.

(111) shows a liquid collector within (18).

2. User-dependent heating control Figure 2 shows an application example an apartment room.

The radiator. (209) is controlled by the thermostatic valve (20i) Frost protection heating supplied. In insulated storage buildings, such a low temperature only occurs after days or weeks.

The room user operates the request button on arrival and, if necessary, during his presence (203). This switches on the rapid heating of the room via the valve (204).

The valve (204) closes when a) reaches the comfort temperature is, or b) a predetermined period of e.g. B. 30 minutes has passed and the Request button switches off again, or c) if loss-inducing situations, z. B. opening the window occur.

The lapse of the specified period of time can be triggered by a slight acoustic signal Signal are displayed.

The comfort temperature is set by the thermostat (906), the can be set by the room user within specified limits. By this thermostat (206) are also internal heat sources, such as. B. Sun exposure and household appliances, taking into account energy-saving.

The shutdown in loss-inducing situations is carried out by in Series connected contact switches (207) z. B. * at the window.

The temporary activation via the request button can, for. B. for morning heating in schools, overlaid by a central control (208) will.

.'Luscious situations can be optically for the room user displayed, e.g. B. "Window open", "Fan running".

3. Cost release device FIG. 3 shows the example of one Line diagrams with a cost release facility, which is derived from the consumption measurements, the release device and the supply valves.

With the central heating water supply (301) of a consumption area, here in an apartment, the water heater (308) and the radiators (309) provided.

The central supply of heating water allows the heat consumption to be measured easily (302) with measurement of the throughput rate and the temperature difference.

The measuring pulses of the heat consumption measurement (302) and other consumption measurements (303) e.g. B. electricity, ventilation, fresh water, are in the release device (304) calculated and displayed. By plugging in a code box, an allowance is made in each case released from 20 DM. Once the remaining amount to be released has reached the threshold amount below 5 DM an acoustic and / or an optical signal is given. Release amount and threshold amount are optional.

As long as there is a released amount in the release device (304) available are the heating water valve (305) and the other supply valves (306) open.

If the released amount is used up, the heating water valve is (305) and the other supply valves (306) closed. Depending on the requirements can through secondary lines (307), which also enter the supply valves (305, 306) can be integrated, minimum quantities z. B.

to avoid frost damage, remain freely available.

4. Storage heater Figure 4.1 shows an example for the subsequent Completion of a radiator (401).

Parts of the inner wall (402) and the floor ceiling (403) are used as structural storage mass and enclosing components (404, 405, 406) are shown in closed state of the top cover (404) and the side exhaust grille (405) heated from the inside.

As soon as within the enclosing components (402, 403, 404, 405, 406) the supply temperature is reached, the storage thermostat valve switches (407) the supply of heating water from.

As soon as the fan (409) switches on via the room thermostat (408), the room air flows through the supply air grille (410) along the radiator (401) and of the storage thermostatic valve (407) through the exhaust air grille (405) back into the room. The air is also removed from the heated surrounding components (402, 403, 404, 405 and 406j heated up.

For accelerated heating of the room air, e.g. B. morning Heating up, can be done by opening the cover (404) and the exhaust air grille (405) the heat release can be accelerated.

The enclosing components (404, 405, 406 and 410) can be decorative designed. will. The components (406) can be used as furniture parts (book shelf, cabinet part, Bench etc.) can be used. In the opened state, warning notices (411) visible, which indicate the increased consumption situation.

Figure 4.7 shows examples of how the wall surfaces (412) z. B. one Concrete wall are provided with heating coils (413) and used as a radiator and storage to serve. The heat can be extracted from the wall (412) on both sides or it can be on one side with. thermal insulation (414).

Figure 4.3 shows the floor (403), a radiator (401) with Evaporation tubes' (420) and the supply air duct (41S). The room air can be buoyant rise on the warm radiator and flow in through the supply air duct (415). the 'Walls (419) and the supply air flap (421) are in the direction of flow.

The supply air flap (421) consists of a fan (409), closing flap (416) and possibly required counterweights (418) and is rotatably mounted about the axis (417). When the fan (409) comes to a standstill, the gravity of the remaining Imbalance and tilted or held horizontally by a stop.

The fan (409) is switched on by the room thermostat (408) and the request button (2O).

Figure 4.4 shows the supply air duct (415) after switching on the fan (409). The air flap is opened by the air flow and the thrust of the fan (421) rotated so far around the axis (417) by overcoming the imbalance, that the cross section of the supply air duct (415) is closed, the fan (409) the heating element (401) blows upwards and the air because of the closing flap (416) cannot flow back to the side next to the fan (409). The shutdown of the Fan (409) takes place again through (203) or (408).

Figure 4.5 shows a cross section through the air inlet duct (415) and its walls (419) and the arrangement of two fans (409), the closing flap (416), the counterweights (418) and the axle (417).

5. Gravity temperature stratification Figure 5.1 shows the systematic Feed from various heat generators into a heating water storage tank (501) cold (502) warm (503) (504) and hot (505) temperature zones.

The solar system (506) supplies water with widely differing temperature levels, which is positively driven in the system area (507), but accordingly in the system area (508) the temperature and gravity flows into the storage area that supplies the Corresponds to temperature levels.

In time frames with a large solar supply, the temperature zones (s05) and (504) must be topped up with hot water. The temperature zones slide without measuring and control technology and without mixing.

forward and return of the heat pump (509) is in the system area (510) positively driven and in the system area 511 according to the temperature and gravity fed into the storage area, which corresponds to the supplied temperature level.

in the example, the supply from the boiler (512) is as a whole System area 513 positively driven, since this heat generation with relatively little energy use only for provision, the minimum storage volume of the temperature zone (505) is taken into account comes.

Figure 5.2 shows the example of a wall storage system (514). The wall storage tank (515) is on the inside of the wall and has a flow (516) and return (517) connected to the collector (518). The level of the collectors (518) and the wall storage (515) are leveled by a dam (519) from each other separated.

At the top of the collector (518) is a lock chamber (520) formed, in which a closure body (521) is over a polyethylene thread (522) is connected to the weight (523).

The collector (518), the flow (516) and the return (517) are executed frost-resistant.

The length of the Polyathelenfadens (522) is dimensioned so that the Weight (523) lying loosely on the bottom of the collector (518) at approx. 40 C the in the locking chamber (520) floating body to the''un £ ere opening of the connection chamber (520) pulls and this closes. If the temperature drops further, it will result shortening the polyethylene thread (522) to raise the weight (523).

A temperature increase in the collector (518 leads to the extension of the Polyethylene thread to float the closure body (521) which then the fluid circuit releases.

As soon as the temperature in the collector (518) is that in the wall storage tank (514), a liquid circulation occurs via the flow (516) and return (517) by gravity, which leads to heat storage in the wall storage tank (515).

6. Heating water still beicher. Figure 6, t shows a system section through a building with a basement (601), ground floor (602) and first floor (603), in which a High heating water storage tank is set up. The storage wall consists of sections (604) going through the doors (605) can be transported. and each other can be mounted. The ceiling between the ground floor (602) and the first floor (603) remains unloaded by the intermediate floors (606). and intermediate pieces (607).

On the ground floor (602) there is internal insulation (608) and external insulation (609) and the cavity (610) serves to dissipate the waste heat as useful heat.

Simple external insulation (611) is shown on the upper floor (603) and the waste heat comes to the surrounding rooms on the upper floor (603) as useful heat benefit. The cold domestic water supply (616) leads to the lower domestic water boiler (617) that of preheating this. He (617) is independent of the dimensions of the Sections (604). The domestic water is fed into the upper via the intermediate line (618) Domestic water boiler (619), in which the water is further heated and via the domestic water drain (620) is discharged, directed.

The partition (615) reduces the heat exchange between the various Temperature zones of the water.

6.2 shows an embodiment of the storage wall, the inner one Sealing (622) protects the inner thermal insulation (623), which the pressure inside the container transfers to the trapezoidal sheet metal wall (624). This takes over the vertical load and the bending stress from the internal pressure of the container. The trapezoidal sheet metal wall (624) transfers the horizontal pressures to the ring belts (627). The static construction from (624) and (627) is covered by the outer insulation (628). The airspaces (625) and (r26) between the inner (623) and outer thermal insulation (628) are ventilated, so that the waste heat can be supplied to heated rooms as useful heat.

Figure 6.3 shows another section from the storage wall of the Sections (604). The individual sections (604) can be filled with insulating material layers (621) are separated.

7. Pressure swap tank Figure 7.1 shows the principle of the arrangement. From the pressureless heating water storage tank, which consists of cells (710) and (711), feeds a flow line (712) (warm) and a return line (713) (cold) the two pressure change tanks (715) and (716), which via the flow line (717) and the return line (718) are connected to the heating system (719), the at least is under static fluid pressure.

Figure 7.2 shows the mode of operation with pressure change tanks.

The pressure change tanks (715, 716) are through the temperature separator (720) (Kolben, Menbrane) each into a warm (-721) and a cold area (7223 with changeable.

Size separated.

The valves (723) to (730) each provide the separation from the storage tank (710, 711) and the connection to the heating system (719) or vice versa.

The pressure change tank (716) shows the connection to the storage tank (710, 711) via the lines (713, 712) with open valves (724, 726). With the Movement of the temperature separator (720) from top to bottom increases the volume of the warm Area (721) increased and the volume of the cold area (722) decreased. The pressure change accumulator (716) is thus removed from the accumulator via the line (712) (711) is filled with warm heating water and the cold heating water is supplied via the pipe (713) fed back into the memory (710).

After completing this process, the valves (724, 726) are closed, the valves (723, 725) open and the unloading process begins, as is the case with the pressure wax container (715) is shown.

Figure 7.3 shows another example of the design of the pressure change container (715) with the illustration of the temperature separator (720) as a membrane. The function of the valves (7z7) to (730) is unchanged despite the slightly different connection.

The temperature separator (720) can be thermally insulated, The movement of the Temperature separator (720) can be caused by the circulation pumps of the storage system (710, 711) and the heating system (719) or equipped with its own motion drive be or include the function of the circulation pumps.

8. The multiple valve for FIG. 8 shows an example.

The valve sleeve (840 to 845), which consists of the standardized individual parts (840 to 845) is assembled and permanently installed. The single sleeves (841 - 844) contain openings (846) opposite or at a standardized angle. Installed in the sockets (847) for different pipe connections (850 to 857) will.

The end parts (840, 84S) of the valve sleeve serve as bearings for the Valve axis (860 to 865) which are assembled from axis parts (861 -864) and rotated by the drive (866) (wheel or hand lever) in the valve sleeve (840 to 845) will. The axle parts (860, 865) are used for closure and storage. The individual elements can be rigidly connected, or it can increase with distance The drive (866) can be equipped with an after-run due to a given clearance.

The axle parts (861 - 864) have passages (870 - 873) that are straight (870, 872) only release or expand the flow in one position (871) and allow the flow in a rotary range, or the passages are branches at a given angle (873) and leave at different Positions the flow free.

The spines in which the axle parts are arranged to one another allow the specification of the interaction of the. free cross-sections and the order of Change in the event of changes.

A simple type of application is the switching of the pressure change tank.

9. Construction with hygroscopic component outer layers Figure 9.1 shows a vertical multi-layer wall cross-section with core insulation., The insulation layer (903) is bonded to the back wall (908) and the outer hygroscopic component layer (902-), The air space (905) is on the underside - with the outside air ( 901) in connection and moisture compensation. The glass pane (904) or another transparent cover protects the component layer (902) from precipitation and allows the radiant energy to enter. The surface of the glass pane is shaped two-dimensionally and thus results in assembly, static and design advantages as well as an improvement in the protection against precipitation. The air space closed at the top, (905) acts as a warm air trap.

Figure 9.2 shows a horizontal wall cross-section. The pane of glass (904) is created by the shaping (913) of the component layer (902) and / or metal anchor (909) held.

The surface is to improve the hygroscopic exchange of moisture (910) of the component layer (902) enlarged.

rigur 9.3 shows the example of a simple construction with a supporting structure (918) made of wood on which sheet metal brackets (909) are attached, which form the joints between the glass plates Cover (910) and hold the glass plates (910) at the same time. The hyqroscope.

.sauteilschicht (902) consists of peat as a thermal insulation layer (911) and is held and protected by a tight mesh fabric, (912).

Figure 9.4 shows the horizontal section for 8.3.

Figures 9.5 and 9.6 show the example of a ventilated facade in which the building exhaust air periodically through the air space (913) through the insulation layer (911) e.g. B. is passed through tokos fiber to the outside. The two-dimensional shaped l-profile glasses as cladding elements (904) are made of metal (914) held. The Eondensfeuchte is in the insulation layer (911) with heat dissipation stored and evaporated during periods of solar radiation.

Another part of the exhaust air moisture condenses, giving off heat on the underside of the cladding elements (904) and drips off.

Figure 9.7 shows the example of a half-timbered facade in which the plaster layer and possibly the infill of the compartments as a component layer (902) are hygroscopic and are protected by a wired glass plate as a cladding element (904). The glass plate is connected to the timber (915) in a water-draining manner at least at the top and the air space (905) is connected to the outside air (901) at least on the underside (916).

10. Multi-layer thermal insulation cover Figure 10.1 shows thermal insulation (1001) from elements with an outer cover, which consists of two construction planes consists. The inner construction level (1002) is open to diffusion, for example plaster, and is borne by the insulation layer (1001). The outer construction plane (1004) (e.g.. Schiefor) is water-repellent, water-repellent, s radiation-absorbing and heat-storing.

It is by point or strip-shaped connections (1003) on the inner level (1001) attached.

in Figure 10.2 the connections (1003) are so pronounced that between the two construction levels (1002, (1004) an air extraction zone (1005) arises.

Figure 10.3 shows an example of how the air extraction zone (1005) is achieved by shaping the outer shell (1004). The same can go through a shaping of the inner construction plane (1002) can be achieved.

11. Deforming insulation element connections Figure 11.1 shows the example of a tongue and groove connection in which the flanks (1101) lead to a deformation when inserted into the groove (1102).

The groove depressions (1103) are in a partial area. This will making it easier to assemble and it remains to improve windproofness a calming room.

Figure 11.2 shows a tongue connection and a double tongue and groove connection. The reinforced flanks (1101) lead to the sealing deformation and the groove depressions (1103) facilitate assembly and improve the cylinder seal.

Figure 11.3 shows the parts of a milled tongue and groove connection in which the insulation elements have a water-draining cover layer (1104). The feather (1105) is deformed by pressing down and closing the gap (110) so far, that it can be inserted into the groove (1107).

The rounding (1108) with the top layer shows the possibility of using it a lead-in edge, as is produced in the production of flat polyurethane panels and usually disposed of as trimming waste.

Figure 11.4 shows the joined tongue and groove connection, with the groove recess (1103).

Figure 11.5 shows the use of the connection of Figure 11.4 as a water draining Insulation layer on the sloping roof.

In Figure 11.1 to 11.4, the edges are rounded or chamfered, to avoid damage when joining.

12. Br.qndschutsbefestigung Figure 1-2 shows various embodiments in which the inner supporting structure (1200) by the Dämmschibht (1201) from the Outer skin (1202) is separated. The wire loop anchor (1203) on the two Loops are arranged without contact hold in the event of fire after the destruction of the Insulation layer the outer skin (1202) on the inner supporting structure (1200). The im shows stepped joint area continuously or in strips of glass fabric (1204) another possible solution that is also suitable for elements.

13. Thermally insulating load transfer Figure 13.1 shows typical application examples the heat-insulating load transfer (1300) as it is in buildings with externally insulated Walls (1301) when the load is transferred from the cold roof (1302) and to the cellar walls (1303) occur.

The heat-insulating load transfer (1300) takes place in each level the insulation layers (1304).

Figure 13.2 shows the example of the transfer of an upper load (1305) on a lower wall (1310). The load is caused by two at right angles to each other Metal T.

profile (1306 and 1311) concentrated on the small intersection area (1307), resulting from the rounded metal surfaces under the load result. The area (1308) around the metal profiles consists of filling insulation material.

In addition to improving the thermal insulation, the metal profiles lead (1306, 1314) to improve the centricity of the load flow, which is also due to Deformation all, the ceiling load from the side of the component (1305) not affected will. With a higher strength of the metal profile (1311) compared to (1306) at the same time the slide bearing (movement bearing) when the component (1305) can be moved in Direction of the arrows (1309) guaranteed. This avoids structural damage, as is typical can occur when roof ceilings are supported on walls.

14. Sliding thermal protection for facade openings Figure 14.1 shows a vertical window section with sliding heat protection (1401) on the inside Guides (1406) is moved. Through the top and vertical seals (1402) the space (1404) is protected from wind-related air circulation and works like an air trap. The drainage of the window sill (1409) is not impaired, If the room is ventilated through the upper window opening (1410), then the warm air collected in the space (1404) is used.

i> ie i? igur 14.2 shows a horizontal section in relation to FIG. 14.1 the position of two of the four removers (1407) is shown.

They consist of pivot levers (1413) lying one above the other, which hold the upper and lower guides (1406) by the ends and through a vertical rod (1414) are rigidly connected to each other. By turning the pivot lever (1413) around the axes of the rods (1414) becomes the axis of the guides between the inner layer (1411) and the outer layer (1412) moved and accordingly the sliding heat protection (1401) moved outwards or against the wall surface.

The sliding heat protection (1401) is mechanically secured to the wall (1403) or to the guide (1406) secured against displacement as long as the Guides (1406) have not reached the outer layer (1412). This will cause damage the seals (1402) avoided.

The slight incline of the guides (1406) makes it easy to roll the sliding heat protection (1401) made possible by gravity as soon as the lock , into which the sliding heat protection (1401) clicks when opened, is triggered. the The kinetic energy of the sliding heat protection (1401) is released when it hits the spacers (1415) transferred to the swivel lever (1413) and relieves the displacement of the guides from position (1412) to position (1411). Dart locks into place and holds the sliding heat protection (1401) in the closed state until it is opened again.

15. Storage facade cladding Figure 15.1 shows the storage mass (1501) of an old building wall.

An example of the cladding element (1502) is a flat sheet of wired glass shown, which at the upper edge by a permanently elastic joint connection (1509) is connected to the storage mass (1501) and also the splash water drainage guaranteed. Due to the distance (1503), the air space (1504) is with the outside air (1510) and forms a warm air trap. -The support member (1508) carries the cladding element. The joint cover (1506) closes the vertical joints between the cladding elements (1-502).

By attaching an internal thermal insulation (1511), the temperature the storage mass (1501) is reduced and thus the possibility of external absorption of storage heat be improved.

Figure 15.9 shows how the joint cover (1507) also functions of the support member can take over.

Figure 15.3 shows the example of a joint cover (1507) 9 in which the Cladding elements (1502) through the central web (1512) during horizontal displacement be limited.

The cladding elements rest on the flanges (1513) and the The joint is closed by the covers (1514).

Figure 15.4 shows an example with cladding elements (1502) whose Area is shaped one-dimensionally. This allows the water drainage, the static Strength (e.g.

Span) and the design can be improved.

The lower leg (1515) the cladding elements (1502) made opaque and reflective. The design, which is related to a south facade, shows how the incidence of radiation is steep in midsummer (1516) the radiation is reflected and the surface of the storage mass (1501) is shadowed.

With flat winter radiation (1517), the storage mass is replaced by the reached the transparent part (1518) of the cladding elements and the reflected Part of the radiation also hits the storage mass.

Figure 15.5 shows the example of a cross section (1519) of a disposable bottle, after separation, a cladding element shaped two-dimensionally in the area (1520) yields.

16. Storage and supply air facade Figure 16.1 shows an example of how it is also possible to improve the exterior wall at a later date. The wall as storage (1601) receives thermal insulation (1607) for room (1606).

The cladding elements (1602) consist of horizontally laid O-shaped profile glass that separates the air gap (i6os) from the outside air (1603). The air gap (1605) is at the bottom with the outside air (1603) in connection (16043) and is protected there by a metal grille.

The air gap / is closed at the top against the outside air and is only used with the flap (1618) during high summer radiation exposure Opened heat relief.

The preheated fresh air can be opened with the shutter (1614) (z. B. Fan flap) through the non-return device (1613) with the fan (1612) be transported into the room (1606).

The sun protection device (1611) consists of panels that during eliminated during the heating season or according to the inclination to radiation (dashed) can be set.

Figure 16.2 shows the horizontal section to Figure 16.1 in the vicinity a window (1620). The profile glasses of the cladding elements are in the vertical [or I 1L profiles (1621) attached, each free up to the full floor height can be stretched in front of the wall and anchored in the storage (1601).

The outer heat protection drawer (1619) of the window (1620) is when opened pushed into the air gap (1605). This part of the facade then looks like an air collector because the radiation does not hit the memory (1601).

Figure 16.3 shows an embodiment for the south wall of a Neut @@ es. The masonry of the granary (1601), made of stone elements with appropriate prefabricated We created recesses, in this way we get air ducts (1609), which are also immediately on the thermal insulation (1607). Air spaces (1608) are arranged here.

The cladding elements (1602) of this example consist of vertical U-shaped profile glass (1627) and horizontally arranged corrugated sheets (1628).

The non-return flaps (1610) prevent such gravity circulation, with which warm air could circulate to cooler areas further out. z. B. from 1608 to 1609 or from 1609 to 1605.

Only when the flow direction of the non-return valve is switched (1610) the heat can be released to the outside for cooling in summer.

The fan (1612) can be closed by closing the lock (1614) be switched off. In addition, the non-return device (1613) prevents heat loss of the room to the outside.

The rest of the fan operation is regulated as before described as an improvement.

FIG. 16.4 shows various exemplary embodiments for guiding air between internal thermal insulation (1607) and storage tank (1601).

The example above shows how air ducts are made by spacer slats (1622) (1609).

The middle example shows how crosswise slots (1623) only spacer cams (1624) remain in the insulation panels of the thermal insulation (1607). From the slots (1623) in connection with the surface of the memory (1601) Air Spaces (1608).

The example below shows a rigid thermal insulation (1607) on the as a spacer (1625), elastic cubes or strips (e.g. mineral fibers) are applied are, between which air spaces (1608) (or air channels (1609)) then form and enable particularly favorable noise protection.

Figure 16.5 shows an example of new buildings and renovations with multiple layers Cladding elements (1602) in which the inner element (1616) consists of a flat There is glass, but it is shortened at the top and bottom to such an extent that gravity can circulate of warm air from the area between the cladding elements to the space between the walls (1605) can be done. A reversal of this circulation is achieved through the use of a non-return valve (1610) prevented.

Air is supplied to the room via air ducts (1609) to the fan (1612) with the lock (1614). The air channels (1609) are used in conjunction with the upper and lower wall duct (1626) and the non-return valves installed there (1610) ur gravity circulation of the heat storage on the inside of the Memory (1601).

17. Collector air duct with roof hot air collector only 17 shows the example of a house cross-section. The warm fresh air rising on the facade is sucked in at the bottom of the hot air collector (1701). In the area of the pointed floor a buffer zone (1702) is arranged, which via the non-return flaps (1705) with the upper part of the hot air collector (1701) is in communication. In dependence on the temperature in the hot air collector (1701) created by gravity circulation a warm air storage in the buffer zone (1702) d by fan (1705) and buoyancy protection (1706) the warm air is transported into the stairwell (1703) and at the same time prevents air from flowing back into the temporarily colder buffer zone (1702).

The rooms (1712), especially the one to the side of the staircase, are not here The rooms shown are via Raumbeliiftungen (1707) with backflow protection and fire protection equipment can be provided with hot air.

The exhaust air (1709) of the stairwell can through the basement rooms (1708) using according to the temperature stratification arranged air ducts (171) are diverted into the open (1713). It will Heat is given off to the internal components (1710) and other storage masses (1714).

This discharge can partly be taken out together with the exhaust air (1711) the space (1712) and a heat recovery also by heat exchangers or a heat pump (1715) take place.

18. Design of hot air collector Figure 18.1 shows a flat roof as Hot air collector. On the solid ceiling (1827) is a hygroscopic insulation layer (1804) Cork meal or peat and is on the surface by spraying with a Dyes and binders (1828) blackened and protected against drift. aside from that the possibility of vegetation (1833) is shown, as a humidification system (1832) the possibility of a drip hose is provided.

In the air layer (1802) the air is heated and passed through. As a cover (1801) open [profile glasses are shown below, the joints of which are permanently elastic are sealed.

Compared to the warm roof, the vapor barrier and the waterproofing omitted.

Figure 18.2 shows the example of an inclined hot air collector Cover (1801) consists of U-profile glass (1805) laid open at the top. The joint are covered with hat clamping strips (1828).

The Soganker (1810) are made of steel and grip over both of them Leg of the Irofilgiases (1805) and with elastic spring play under the support members (1806) which here are made of wood (e.g. 4/4 cm at a distance of 1 m).

The wooden construction (1809) with a large cross-section of the upper part (1808) enables an economical pressure absorption through the upper part (1808).

The support members (1806) are with the interposition of the connecting elements (1807), which consist of a reinforced hard rubber plate alternately on the support member (1806) and screwed to the upper part (1808) of the wooden construction (1809). By the arrangement the insulation layer (1804) and the continuous formwork (1845) between the upper and The lower chord of the wooden structure (1809) increases the static height and the Deflection reduced to such an extent that it eliminates the possible curvature of the profile glasses (1805) does not excel.

The surface of the insulation layer (1804) is water-draining and as Absorber surface (1803) executed. As a second drainage area, it may lead to Moisture and converts the incident radiation into heat.

Figure 18.3 shows examples of the connecting elements (1807).

At 1828 there is a reinforced hard rubber plate and the attachment points to the support member (1806) and to the upper part (1808). At 1829 the parts are one Metal-hard rubber combination shown as similar to soundproof suspensions are known.

Figure 18.4 shows the example of a simple girder on two supports, in which the compressive forces under normal load by the profiled glass (1805) with a tubular rectangular cross-section and the tensile forces are absorbed by the tensile components (1825). The various parts, including the profile glass (1805), form a static composite. (1818) = nozzle width, (1824) = vertical rod.

Figure 18.5 shows the example of the cross section of a supporting structure. The steel tendons (1822) lie within the open U or between the profile glasses (1805). The insulation layer (1804) runs through the supporting structure. (1826) ) = Absorber elements inserted.

Figure 18.6 shows the example of a head-side termination of a pressure-stressed profile glass (1805). The cover can be used to form double glazing also consist of a tubular profile glass with any cross-section. Of the Tolerance compensation (1840) consists of a mortar filling to compensate for the unevenness between glass and steel and forms the transition from profile glass (1805) to pressure profile (1841). The elastic artwork (1843) avoids the transfer of constrained stresses from the end profile (1819) to the pressure profile (1841). The forces only become transferred by de centralizer (1842). The vertical bar prevents strong eccentricities (1833), which is connected to the substructure. The train components (1825) are connected to the gusset plate with the eyelet (1846).

The movement feet receive a permanently elastic closure (1831). (1822) = steel tendon; (1844) = spacer for (1822) FIG. 18.7 shows the example of a roof cross-section with profile glasses (1805) placed on top of which the butt joint is increased at the upper end (1816). A clamping band (1817) is pressed into the butt joint, which seals and facilitates the replacement of the profile glasses.

The house match strip (1812) made of transparent foil or cardboard takes hold on the lower transparent profile or glass (1811). It is used to drain water and the avoidance of lateral air circulation in the area of the double glazing (1834). The wooden construction (1809) shows an example with a small cross-section of the upper part (1808) as it is especially with the addition of conventional rafters is chosen. A full static use of the upper part can also be used here (1808) can be dispensed with as a compression member of the bending stress.

As a dam layer (1804) is a. from the upper part (1808) stressed by pressure Insulation material chosen from rigid foam, which has a water-draining surface or pressure layer as an absorber surface (1803), e.g. B.-black aluminum foils with connections according to claim (11).

Figure 18.8 shows examples, such as the lower transparent profile or Glass (1811) laid continuously in (1835) or with glass hooks (1813) or with glass butt profiles (1814) or with glass holding nails (1815).

For 18.9 shows a construction example in which the cover (1801) consists of angled profiled glass (1805) and a glass hook (1813) so / is held that there is a water-draining cover. The insulation layer (1804) consists of hygroscopic, small-sized insulating material, which is covered by a fabric (1836) is held ulid is at least blackened on the surface (1803).

19.Colour-designed collector surfaces, etc.

Figure 19.1 shows an example of one made of vertical glass elements (1903) composite surface. The joints (1904) can be closed permanently elastic and colorless will. They are optically suppressed by a bright decorative color pattern (1905). The shape is based on a stone masonry worked natural stone masonry.

The background (1902) (absorber or storage area) is used in the Use in the vicinity of historical buildings matched to the color of the neighboring buildings and, similar to natural stone, slightly varied in color.

Figure 19.2 shows in addition, for example, the figure 19.1, how the glass elements (1903) are provided with decorative elevations (1906). For the production and renewal of the color sample (1905) can, for. B. by a roller, the paint can simply be applied to the elevation (1106). the surface of the glass elements (1903) is lightly grained to avoid glare.

Figure 19.3 shows one composed of horizontal glass elements (1903) Facade area. The joint deck profiles (1907) match the color of the background (1902) adjusted. The color design is based on individual designs.

In this case, translucent colors are chosen and the symbol backlit by the sun and rays of lighting fixtures at night.

20. Inner shutter Figure 20.1 shows examples of the layer structure. The surface facing the space (2008) consists of hygroscopic wood (2015), whose surface is enlarged by profiling. Under the wood is Insulating material (2016) with a cover (2017) for indoor air (2003).

In the other example, the interspace (2008) is a fabric (2018) facing and the filling (2019) of the shutter consists of a peat filling, which has a hygroscopic and heat insulating effect.

Figure 2G.2 shows the example of a shutter (2001) as a folding shutter, where the hygroscopic shutter surface (2014) when closed (2020) the interspace (2008) and in the open state (2021) the room air (2003) suggests is. The reveal area (2007) is covered with cork sheets for insulation and moisture buffering proven. This area is also in the closed state (2020) with the space in between and in the open state (2021) with the room air il humidity exchange. In closed The vertical joints (2005) and the floor joint due to rubber EJrofile are tight closed.

Figure 20.3 shows the example of a shutter (2001) as a sliding shutter, which in the open state (2021) is so far removed from the dand (2022) that the Room air (2003) between wall (2022) and hygroscopic shutter surface (2014) can zilkulate. The vertical joints (2005) and the floor joint are closed State (2020) elastically sealed. (2012) shows a measuring and signaling device, which indicates optically and / or acoustically - possibly also with remote display - if the Temperature in (2008) exceeds that in (2003), i.e. if the Shutter would help save energy.

Figure 20.4 shows the vertical section through a shutter (2001), in which the interspace (2008) via circulation openings (2010) with the Raumluft (2003) is related. The backflow protection devices (2011) enable a gravity circulation only when the air in the space "(2008) warmer and is lighter than the room air (2003).

An insulating glass pane is inserted into the surface of the shutter (2Q01) as a transparent surface (2013) and allows little daylight to be used when the shutter is closed (2001). The floor joint (2QO4) and the upper connection (2006) are sealed at the same time. To open it, the shutter (2001) is held in a curtain-like suspension (2023) FIG. 20.5 shows the example of a shutter (2001) which predominantly consists of a frame (2024) and an insulating glass pane mounted movably in it as a transparent surface (2013). The side connecting surfaces (2025) consist of flexible hygroscopic shutter surfaces, e.g. B.

Cotton. The upper connection (2006) stays open during the transition period. The space in between (2008) acts as a cold air pocket. When the air in the space in between (2008) is heated, an exchange with the room air (2003) can take place through circulation. The lateral and upper reveal surfaces serve as a further hygroscopic material surface (2007). If the outside air temperature is very low or if there is strong wind, the transparent surface is placed in the frame (2024) and the upper connection (2006) is closed. L eerseite

Claims (10)

1. Generic term construction and / or operating methods to improve the Energy use in the building sector, characterized in that the following Sub-terms used in various combinations and complementary to each other will. User-dependent heating control, characterized in that 2.1 that the technically required minimum temperature is raised automatically, but the comfort temperature is only temporarily raised to the level desired by the user by room-related devices to be operated in the respective room, 2.2 that the supply of heat is interrupted or switched off when the comfortable temperature is reached and / or when loss-promoting situations exist or occur, 2.3 that the loss-reducing measures are indicated, 2.4 that the use of unfavorable heat generation is announced and / or made more difficult. Cost approval facility to promote timely cost awareness, characterized in that 3.1 that the heat supply of a consumption area is measured and in whole or in part from the release of the financial value by the the respective user or user group depends, 3.2 that other types of energy are detected via the same release device, 3.3 that other Usages via the same release device are recorded, 3.4 that the need the release is announced beforehand by a signal (optically, acoustically), storage heater (401) for heating systems with liquid heat transfer medium and common heat generation system for several radiators, characterized in that 4.1 that the heat partially in the area (402) of the individual rooms is saved - and predominantly through measures that are dependent on the user of the respective room to which the room air is released, 4.2 that the storage takes place only in heating technology parts, 4.3 that the storage takes place in heating and structural parts, 4.4 that a radiator Wall area is used, 4.5 that existing heating-technical parts accordingly be added, 4.6 that the heat supply to the radiator through a storage thermostat is regulated, 4.7 that parts of the cladding are movably arranged and one Accelerated heat emission allow 4.8 that the cladding as a room decoration serves, 4.9 daE the cladding takes over the function of a piece of furniture, 4.10 that with Consumption-promoting use warning notices are given. 4o11 that in the supply air duct a movable supply air flap, consisting of Closing flap and fan, which are installed when the fan stops Releases cross-section of the supply air duct and a return flow of air when the fan is in operation next to the ventilator, 4.12 prevents the supply air flap from being caused by the recoil force the fan operation is closed and the opening by gravity or a elastic element (peder, elastic band) takes place. Gravity temperature stratification for liquid storage, characterized in that 5.1 that the liquid from different heat generators with partly changing 'temperature level is tugeordered mainly by gravity differences to the storage level, which corresponds to the respective temperature level 5.2 that water is used as a liquid and the buoyancy of the water tempered above and below 40 is used for separate storage, 5.3 that water as a storage liquid using the temperature expansion of an auxiliary material is prevented from circulating if the gravity of the water would lead to the storage of Kalwassar @. Heizuasserhochspeicher for the storage of heating water, characterized in, 6.1 that the storage tank is larger than 0.80 m and is assembled from sections on the construction site that are smaller than 0.80 mx 2.00 m, 6.2 that thermal insulation is installed between the heating water and the static construction of the storage tank, 6.3 that heat-insulating dividing floors with water passages are installed, 6.4 that a double jacket enables waste heat to be extracted, 6.5 that one or more hot water boilers are installed in the memory that are independent of the format of the sections of the memory, 6.6 that the memory with floors and Intermediate pieces can be mounted, chne static 3 stress of the floor ceilings, pressure change tank, characterized in 7.1 that the heating water storage is not loaded with the static pressure of the heating system and that the pressure change tanks are interposed to feed the heating water into the heating system, 7.2 that the pressure change tank is part of the Heating water storage tank, the heat generator or the heating system. Multiple valve, characterized in 8.1 that several functions by rotating around a common axis at the same time and in the specified sequence prevented by a drive process, 8.2 that the individual elements of the multiple valve standardized and variably compiled and modified. Construction with hygroscopic component external layers External components, which border on the outside air (901), the building materials of the outer component layer (902) are strongly hygroscopic and by the material or by material coloring or have predominantly dark color by painting, characterized in that 9.1 that the Shaping and Xodar type of arrangement the external attachment of a translucent Attachment element (904) in such a way that the air space (905) between the attachment element (904) and the component layer (902) at least on the underside is in contact with the outside air (901), opening @ # @ mm or opening angle @ # 5 °, 9.2 that the anchoring of the component layer going beyond the fire situation (902) takes place on the insulation layer (903) and / or 9.3 that the outer component layer (902) consists of colored or dark sand-lime brick material that Individual stones are at least 0.03 m2 in size and cover an insulating layer (903) or 9.4 that the component layer (902) consists of a thermal insulation material. 9.5 according to paragraph 9.1, characterized in that the outer component layer (902) consists of the infill of a half-timbered facade and the translucent Cladding elements (904) is arranged at a distance in front of it and at least on the Upper edge (906) to be connected to the timber frame (907) to drain water. 9.6 according to paragraph 9.4, characterized in that the component layer (902) a free, exchange-effective surface through material selection and / or shaping of at least 1.5 m2 / m2 component surface and an air-permeable Interlayer is protected from external damage. 9.7 according to paragraph 9.6, characterized in that from the inside warm exhaust air is passed through the component layer (902) to the outside. 9.8 according to paragraph 9.1, characterized * that the surface of the transparent Attachment element (904) is one- or two-dimensional gefort. Multi-layer thermal insulation cover Outer cladding of a thermal protection characterized in that 10.1 that the cladding consists of ZLJei construction levels, both of which are supported by the thermal insulation layer, 10.2 that the outer construction level mainly the water drainage, the radiation absorption, the decoration and the absorption is used for thermal expansion and has open joints. 10.3 that the inner construction level serves for the escape of diffusion moisture 10.4 that the outer construction level is completely or partially covered from above with a radiolucent apron, 10.5 that the distance between the inner and outer plane of the construction is widened to such an extent that it serves as a vent cross section for heated air. Deforming insulation element connection. characterized in that 11.1 single or multiple groove and / or fader connections through a completely and partially groove recess or Formw environment are deformed during assembly and remain, 11.2 that the grooves run diagonally to the insulation surface. Fire protection fastening for components in connection with the thermal insulation of the Gabäudehülle, characterized in that 12.1 that the load-bearing function for the outer skin in the assembly and construction state is entirely or predominantly by fire insulating building materials and, in the event of fire, is taken over by other fire-insensitive substances, heat-insulating load transfer, characterized in 13.1 that the load-transferring surface is brought to the statically required minimum value and the remaining component cross-section is supplemented by insulating material, 13.2 that the compressive stress exceeds the elastic material range, 13.3 that at parts subject to bending are broken down into compression and tension members, 13.4 that the heat-insulating load transfer also takes on the function of a movement bearing. Sliding thermal protection for facade openings, characterized in that 14.1 that the thermal insulation is predominantly parallel to the wall surface and is moved almost or completely horizontally as well as at a distance from the facade surface, 14.2 that the sealing to the wall takes place at the top and the side edges, 14.3 that the closing process is automatic depending on the external brightness or the lowering of the outside temperature, 14.4 that the opening process is triggered manually or by the outside brightness, 14.5 that the outside surface is used as a decoration or collector surface, 14.6 the surface is also designed as a mechanical burglar protection, 14.7 that the sliding heat protection In connection with a single or double window, a supply air duct with heat recovery from the bottom outside to the top inside enables. Storage facade cladding in front of a heat storage-capable wall as storage mass (1501), characterized in that 15.1 that translucent cladding elements (1502) are shingle-like, with spacing (1503) between the rows arranged one above the other, and through partial spacing an air space (1504) to the storage mass (1501 ) are attached and that the air space (1504) is not vented upwards, and / or 15.2 that the cladding elements (1502) are inserted and held in Traggijeder (1508), and / or 15.3 that the butt joints of the cladding elements (1502) by joint coverings (1506) are covered over and under, and / or 15. 4 that the joint coverings (150?) Are attached to the storage mass (1501) or another supporting structure and carry the cladding elements (1502), and / or 15.5 that the support members ( isos) or the joint coverings (1506) prevent horizontal displacement of the cladding elements (1502), 15.6 that the joint coverings (1506) divide the air space (1504) into adjacent areas, and / or 15.that the upper edges of the cladding elements (1502) are permanently elastic Joint connection (1509) are connected to the storage mass (1501), 15.8 that the cladding elements (1502) are shaped in such a way and in some areas they are opaque or leak-proof et are that they allow different amounts of radiation, depending on the season, to hit the storage mass (isol), 15, q that the cladding elements (502) consist of insulating glass and / or are made with wire inlay, 15.10 that the cladding elements (1502), in whole or in part made of non-breakable materials (e.g. B. GRP) or consist of layer combinations, 15.11 that the cladding elements (1502) are single-colored and / or structured, and / or 15.12 that the cladding elements (1502) deviate in one or two dimensions from the flat shape, 15.13 that the cladding elements are made from appropriately shaped disposable vessels are made and the dismantling of the disposable vessels is provided during the shaping by predetermined breaking points or for associated dismantling tools, 15.14 that a color treatment of the entire surface or all or some of the cladding elements (1502) takes place according to claim group 19, 15.15 that the support members (1508) and / or the joint coverings can be detached to the extent that the cladding elements can be exchanged, 15.18 that between the outer wall (1501) and the cladding elements (1502) a load-bearing thermal insulation layer with an intermediate layer is arranged, which also bears the cladding elements (1502), storage and supply air facade to claim 1, consisting of a wan d as a store (1601), externally transparent cladding elements (1602) and an air gap (1605) connected to the outside air (16D3) below (1604), characterized in that 16.1 that the storage mass (1601) is separated from the space (1606 ) is separated by thermal insulation (1607), and / or 16.2 that there are air spaces (1608) or air ducts (1609) between the memory (1601) and the thermal insulation (1607) and / or in the memory (1601) , which are connected via non-return valves (161o) with air ducts (1609) further outside or the air gap (1605), 15.3 that the non-return valves (1610) can be switched in the flow direction, 16.4 that the non-return valves (1610) due to the temperature-related differences in gravity of the Air can be opened, 16.5 according to claim 1.6.1 to 16.2, characterized in that the air gap (1605) and the space (1606) are connected via fans (1612) and non-return devices (1613), 16.6 there ß the fans (1612) are closed by hand and / or automatically depending on the external wind and / or the external temperature drop by a lock (1614), without the fan operation being prevented when the lock is closed, 16.7 that the fan is switched on automatically depending on the possible ventilation energy gain and this circuit can be reversed by the room user for a limited period of time, 16.8 that the cladding elements (1602) are multilayered, consisting of an outer profile and an inner translucent element (1616) exist and the element (161.6) is held or stiffened by the (profiled glass 1615) and storage-side components (1617), 16.10 that with a multi-layer design of the cladding elements (1602) an upper and lower connection of the air layer between the cladding layers with the air gap (1605) with non-return flap (1610), 16.1 that the shape, color and coating of the profiled glass (1615) is designed according to the direction of the compass so that the radiation is absorbed during the heating season and rejected during the hoshsummer sun, 16.12 that before Surface of the cladding elements (1602) v sun protection devices (1611) that can be created are attached, 16.13 that continuous air layers exist between the storage tank (1601) and thermal insulation (1607) by recessing channels that cross in the insulation panels or by fastening insulation panels with parallel channels on crossed elevations of the subsurface or by using elastic insulating materials as Spacers are arranged between the insulation board and the storage tank. Collector air duct with roof hot air collector (1701), characterized 17.1 that a buffer zone (1702) is formed by (Juerschnjttserwsiterung and is fed from the hot air collector (1701) or is part of the hot air collector air space, 17.2 that the buffer zone (1702) is in circulation connection with the hot air collector (1701) via gravity-operated non-return flaps (1703), 17.3 that the buffer zone (1702) is connected to the stairwell (1703) of the building and by means of fans (1705) Warm air over buoyancy devices (1706) in the T stairwell (17a3) is blown in, 17.4 that the rooms (1712) of the building are connected to the stairwell (1703) via room ventilation (1707) and the exhaust air (1711) from the rooms is predominantly not routed through the stairwell (1703), 17.5 that the exhaust air (1709) escaping from the stairwell (1703) is led into the open air (1713) via the basement rooms (1708) which are wholly or partially orphaned in the ground, 17. & that the exhaust air (1709) through the massive components (1710) and heat exchangers andX or heat accumulators (1714) and / or heat pumps (1715), the heat is extracted. Warm air collector as part of an external building component consisting of a cover (1801), an air layer (1802) for air guidance, an absorber surface (1803) and an insulating layer (1804), characterized 16.1 that the insulating layer (1804) is wholly or partially thick hygroacopic substances and the surface of the insulation layer (1804) also represents the absorber surface (1803), and 18.2 that in Oämmschichten (1804) made of bulk material between the air layer (1802) and Dämm @ chicht (1804) a fabric is arranged or the surface of the insulation layer (1804) is connected by a binding agent, 18.3 that the cover (1801) consists of at least one profiled glass (1805) and the profiled glass rests directly or indirectly on elastic support members (1806), the distance between which is less than the static support width of the profiled glass ( 1805), 18.4 that the support members (1s06) rested on the upper part (1808) of a wooden structure (1809) by an elastic connecting element (1807) gt, 18.5 that suction anchors (1810) as elastic clamping elements encompass the upper edge of the profiled glass (1805) and the lower edge of the support member (1806), 18.6 that the connecting element (1807) consists of a pre-drilled elastic plate which is spatially offset on the support members (1806 ) and the upper part (1808) is attached, 18.7 that the cover (1801) is double glazing (1834), which consists of upper professional glass (1805), flat glass (1801), compensation strips (1812) and glass hooks (1813) or glass butt profiles ( 1814) or glass holding nails (1815), 18.8 that the (1805) is laid open at the bottom as a t-profile, but is nevertheless shaped in such a way that the butt joint of the at the upper end (1816) is increased, 18.9 that the joint between the (1805) is sealed at the upper end (1816) by a clamping band (1817), 18.10 that the load-bearing multi-part construction (1809) consists at least partially of wood and includes the height of the insulation layer (1804), 18.11 that the cover (1801) at least comprises a profiled glass (1805) which absorbs the majority of the bending pressure forces under normal load and has a static bond with the substructure to absorb the bending forces to span the span (1818), 18.12 that between the end profile (1819) and the profiled glass (1805) a centering device (1842), an elastic printing template (1843), a pressure profile (1841) and a tolerance compensation (1840) is arranged, 18.13 that between the pressure profiles (1841) or the centerers (1842) or the end profiles (1819) steel tension members (1822 ) are tensioned, dje lead to a pretensioning of the profile lens (1805) and which can be held in their position to the profile glass by spacers (1844), 18.14 that the sliding (1 823) and / or heights (1824) and / or tension components (1825) and / or pressure members (1805, 1819, 1842) and / or steel tension members (1822) can be readjusted, 18.15 that absorber elements (1B26) for liquid media on partial areas above the Dämmachicht (1804) are designed, 18.16 that the surface of the insulation layer (1804) designed as a water-draining layer wifd 18.17 that the surface of the insulation layer (1804) with or without Baf @ uchtungsanlage (1832), is formed by vegetation (1833). Transparent facade cladding (1901), the use of solar heat, but not serve as a window, characterized 19.1 that the background (1902) e.g. B. Absorber is not only black, but other shades with an absorption of solar radiation greater than 60% and that the building exterior cladding (1901) covers the whole or part of the area by coloring and / or application of paint and / or coloring on the back as far as possible that at least 50% of the occurring solar radiation is still in the background penetrate, 19.2 that the same background (1902) with different hues is designed, 19.3 that the transparent building exterior curtain wall (1901) made of decorative glass consists, 19.4 that the coloring with highly reflective and / or noctilucent Colors is done, 19.5 that the color scheme as a standard decoration and / or as a reproduction of artistic drafts and / or as an individual work of art and / or is carried out as an individual design means, 19.6 that the design the building exterior cladding (1901) is chosen so that the manufacture and / or later renewal of the color decor is facilitated, 19.7 that behind the building exterior cladding (1901) lighting elements are installed. Inner shutter (2001), characterized in that 20.1 at closed window shutter (2001) the surfaces facing the space (2008) consist at least partially of hygroscopic material and with the window shutter open (2001) an exchange of addiction between the hygroscopic shutter surfaces (2014) (and / or reveal surfaces (2007)) and the room air (2003) can take place, 20.2 that when closed, the floor joint (2004) and the vertical joints (2005) are tight close and the upper connection (2Q06) can be open or can be opened, 20.3 that the shutter (2001) completely or partially executed as a transparent surface (2013) will, 20.4 that the shutter (2001) circulation openings (2010) with backflow protection (2011) has 20.5 that the shutter with a measuring and signaling device (2012) combined, which takes effect as soon as the temperature of the interspace (2008) that of the room air (2003).