DE3245023C2 - Device for measuring and converting pulses - Google Patents

Abstract

The device intended for measuring and converting pulses contains integral pulse converters with non-linear amplitude characteristics combined into one module (1), as well as an integral pulse converter (2) with linear amplitude characteristic, a synchronization unit (8) and a system for processing the converted pulses with low-pass filters (4, 5 ) and analog memories (6, 7) connected to these, which are connected to a channel switch (11). The channel switch (11) is connected via an analog-digital converter (17) and a computing unit (19) to a display unit (21) from which the information is also routed to a shared channel (35). As a result of the non-linear conversion of the input pulses, the processing of the converted pulses with the aid of the microprocessor computing unit (19) and the linear pulse lengthening, information about the pulse parameters is obtained, namely about the generalized amplitude and duration, area, energy, electricity content of individual and repeats subsequent picosecond, nano, microsecond and millisecond pulses. The invention can be used in high-frequency measurement technology, in nuclear physics, in laser technology and in the technology of multi-channel transmission.

Description

d,) band filter (4, S), the input of the first band filter (4) being connected to the output of the integral pulse converter module (1) and the input of the second band filter (5) being connected to the output of the linear integral pulse converter (2),

d ₂ ) analog memory circuits (6, 7) whose first inputs are connected to the outputs of the bandpass filters (4 or 5) and whose second inputs are connected to the first output (10) of the synchronization unit (8), the output of the first analog memory circuit ( 6) is connected to a first capacitor (14) and to the first input (12) of a channel switch (11), and the output of the second analog memory circuit (7) to a second capacitor (15) and the second input (13) of the The channel switch (11) is connected,

d ₃ ) an analog-digital converter (17), the first input (18) of which is connected to the output of the channel switch (11) and the second input (32) of which is connected to the fourth output of the synchronization unit (8),

d ₄ ) a microprocessor (19), the first input of which is connected to the second output of the analog-digital converter (17) via the data line,

d ₅ ) a display unit (21) whose input (22) is connected to the first output of the microprocessor (19) via a data line and whose output (34) is connected to an interface (35),

characterized,

e) that the first input (9) of the synchronization 60 The invention relates to a device for

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High-frequency measurement technology, in nuclear physics, in laser technology, in semiconductor electronics and in the Technology of multi-channel transmission for the investigation of pulse signals with low levels in the pico, nano and microsecond range of pulse duration and in a wide repetition frequency range including Single pulses can be used.

g) that the first output of the analog-digital converter (17) to the third input of the synchronization unit (8) is connected,

h) that the second input (31) of the microprocessor (19) at the third output of the synchronization unit (8) and the third input (33) of the microprocessor (19) at the fourth output of the Synchronization unit. (8) lie,

i) and that the fourth input (50) of the microprocessor (19) with the second output of the integral pulse converter module (1) is connected.

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized by a circuit (23) for pulse lengthening, whose input is the input (24) of the device for measuring and converting pulses, whose the first output is at the input (26) of an adaptation unit (25) and its second output with the second input (27) of the synchronization unit (8) is connected, the first output of the The adaptation unit (25) is connected to the fourth input (28) of the synchronization unit (8) and the second The output of the adaptation unit (25) is connected to the third input (51) of the analog memory (7) is.

3. Device according to claims 1 or 2, characterized by

a third band filter (37), a further integral pulse converter (36) with a linear amplitude characteristic, the input of which is at the second output of the first integral pulse converter (2) with a linear amplitude characteristic and its output via a capacitor (38) to the housing (16) and to the input of the third band filter (37) connected is,

a third analog storage circuit (39), the first input of which is connected to the output of the band filter (37) is connected and whose second input is at the first output (10) of the synchronization unit (8), an analog-to-digital converter (40), the first input (41) of which via a capacitor (42) on Housing (16) and at the output of the third analog memory circuit (39) and its second input (43) is connected to the second output of the microprocessor (19),

a complement code generator (44), the first input (45) of which is connected to the output via a data line of the analog-to-digital converter (40) is in connection,

whose second input is at the fourth output of the synchronization unit (8),
the first output of which is connected to the fifth input (48) of the microprocessor (19) via the data line (47)

and the second output of which is connected to the sixth input of the microprocessor (19).

unit (8) is connected to the output of the second bar.dfilters (5),
that the third input (29) of the channel switch (11) is connected to the second output of the synchronization unit (8) and the fourth input (30) of the channel switch (11) is connected to the third output of the synchronization unit (8),

With known devices for measuring and converting pulse parameters, even with single pulses, determine the technical data of the non-linear Conversion and for the simultaneous broadening of input impulses used integral impulses converter also determines the limit values of the entire facility, namely its sensitive wedge, rapid action, Accuracy of the parameter measurement and its functional possibilities.

The integral pulse converters, their ampute curve is raised at lower frequencies, act as an attenuator for the useful signal and as an amplifier for the influenza noise. As a result, the sensitivity of the integral pulse converter is given Error magnitudes of the pulse parameter measurement limited to about 10 mV. With a given sensitivity the errors of the impulse parameter measurement caused by noise increase compared to the calculated ones Sizes especially when measuring single pulses if no results are determined for several Impulse to reduce measurement errors is possible.

The output noise of the integral pulse converter causes the sensitivity of the known devices of only 10 mV, whereby the error in parameter measurement on (single) pulses is not less than 10% can lie.

The minimum pulse duration is 3 to 5 ns. Reducing the pulse duration below 3 ns, especially into the picosecond range, has a much stronger influence on the accuracy of the pulse parameter measurement caused by the noise.

The invention is based on a device for measuring and converting pulses after The preamble of claim 1. Such a rub-in belongs to the state of the art due to the patent application according to DE-OS 32 40 528.

The generic device for measuring and converting pulses has η integral pulse converters, the inputs of which are jointly connected to the input of the device and whose outputs are connected via a commutation device and an analog-digital converter to a microprocessor, in which the determination of the integral parameters of the pulses happens.

This device has no channel for suppressing interference, and the task of measurement the main integral parameter is only solved with a large number of input integral converters.

In addition, the generic device is so of complicated structure of the input transducer, and the measurement of the integral parameters is considerable Flawed.

The object of the invention is to create a device for measuring and converting pulses with small levels and pico, nano and microsecond durations as well as with a wide repetition frequency range, including single pulses, the one higher accuracy of the pulse parameter measurement allows and the functional possibilities of the setup

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converted signals and by outputting both analog and encoded information in the shared channel expanded.

Based on the prerequisite training, this object is achieved according to the invention solved by the characterizing part of the claim 1 specified features. Appropriate further developments of the proposed invention are in the subclaims specified.

The devices according to the invention are of higher sensitivity and measurement accuracy in the Measurement and conversion of pulses, especially in the picosecond pulse length range. In addition to the Measurement of the generalized parameters also allow the devices to measure the amplitude of Pulses with their linear elongation especially in the picosecond length range. On the basis of such Facilities can use multi-function pulse parameter meters for multi-channel measurements in nuclear physics or created in laser technology.

The facility is characterized by a simple structure and a wide range of applications Imijuls measurements according to the integral method and can be used in automatic measuring systems.

The invention is illustrated in the following description using a specific exemplary embodiment and explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here shows

1 shows a structural diagram of the device for measuring and converting pulses according to FIG Invention;

2 shows a functional and structural diagram of the device for measuring and converting pulses according to the invention;

Fig. 3 is a voltage diagram to explain the consequent conversion of an analog signal into a code at the output of the channel switch according to the invention.

The device intended for measuring and converting pulses contains an integral pulse converter module 1 (Fig. 1) and an integral pulse converter 2 with a linear amplitude characteristic whose inputs are interconnected and form the input 3 of the device. The outputs of block 1 and of the integral pulse converter 2 are connected to the inputs of band filters 4 and S, respectively.

The device also includes analog memories 6 and 7, the first inputs of which are at the outputs of the band filter 4, 5, a synchronization unit 8, in which the first input 9 with the output of the band filter 5 and the first output 10 are connected to the second inputs of the analog memories 6, 7, a channel switch 11, its inputs 12,13 to the outputs of the analog memory 6,7 and capacitors 14 and 15 are connected to the housing 16.

The device also contains an analog-to-digital converter 17, the first input 18 of which is at the output of the channel switch 11 is a microprocessor 19, in which the first input 20 to the output of the analog-to-digital converter 17 is connected, and a display unit 21, the input 22 of which with the first output of the microprocessor 19 is connected.

Further components of the device are a circuit 23 for pulse lengthening, the input of which is used as an input 24 the device for measuring and converting pulses is used, and an Ar.passungseinheit 25, at softer the Einang 26 with the first exit of the Circuit 23 is connected for pulse lengthening. The second output of the circuit 23 is at the second Input 27 of the synchronization unit 8. In the adaptation unit 25, the first output is to a fourth input 28 of the synchronization unit 8 connected, the second output at the third input 29 of the channel switch 11 is located. The third exit

the synchronization unit 8 leads to the fourth input 30 of the channel switch 11 and to the second input 31 of the microprocessor 19, while the fourth Output of the synchronization unit 8 with the second input 32 of the analog-digital converter 17 and with the third input 33 of the microprocessor 19 is connected is.

In the case of the display unit 21, the output 34 is connected to an interface 35.

In the device, an integral pulse transducer 36 is provided with a linear amplitude characteristic Input at the second output of the integral pulse converter 2 is located. With a third party belonging to the institution Band filter 37 is the input to the output of the integral pulse converter 36 and via a capacitor 38 connected to the housing 16.

Further components of the device are: An analog memory 39, in which the first input with the output of the band filter 37 and the second input is connected to the output 10 of the synchronization unit 8 are; an analog-to-digital converter 40, in which the input 41 at the output of the analog memory 39 and is connected to the housing 16 via a capacitor 42 and the input 43 to the second output of the microprocessor 19 is connected; a complement code generator 44, in which the first input 45 via the data line is connected to the output of the analog-digital converter 40, the second input 46 to the fourth output the synchronization unit 8, the first output via the data line 47 to the input 48 of the microprocessor 19 is connected and the second output is connected to the input 49 of the microprocessor 19 is, the first input 50 of which is connected to the second output of the integral pulse converter module 1 is. In the case of the adaptation unit 25, the second output is at the third input 51 of the analog memory 7.

The integral pulse converter block 1 (Fig. 2) contains two integral pulse converters with non-linear amplitude characteristics.

One of the integral pulse transformers is with an npn transistor 52 (see M. I. Gryaznov "Integralimpulsmessage", Verlag "Sov. Radio", 1975, pp. 226-233). At the base of the transistor 52 is a capacitor 53 and a bleeder resistor 54, in which a Terminal is connected to the housing 16. In the emitter circuit of the transistor 52 are resistors 55, 56 and a capacitor 57 connected to the housing 16. One connection of the resistor 56 is to a supply source 58 connected. At the collector of the transistor 52 are a resistor 59 and a capacitor 60, the is also connected to the housing 16. The common connection point of the resistor 59 and the Capacitor 60 is connected to another supply source 61. The collector of transistor 52 is also connected to the input 63 of a differential amplifier 64 via a capacitor 62. aside from that there is a pulse length partial range switch 65 at the collector of transistor 52, which capacitors 66], 662 ... 66 "contains.

The other integral pulse converter in module 1 is equipped with a pnp transistor 67 (see MI Gryaznov "Integralimpulsmessage", Verlag Sov. Radio, 1975, pp. 226-233). At the base of the transistor 67 are a capacitor 68 and a bleeder resistor 69, in which a terminal is connected to the housing 16. Resistors 70, 71 and a capacitor 72, which is also connected to housing 16, are located in the emitter circuit of transistor 67. One connection of the resistor 71 is connected to the supply source 61. A resistor 73 and a capacitor 74, which is also connected to the housing 16, are connected to the collector of the transistor 67. The common connection point of the resistor 73 and the capacitor 74 is connected to the supply source 58. The collector of the transistor 67 is also connected to the input 76 of the differential amplifier 64 via a capacitor 75. In addition, a pulse length partial range switch 77 and a pulse length partial range switch 78 with contact groups 79, 79 ₂ ,..
The integral pulse converter 2 is with a transistor

is built 80, at the base of which a capacitor 81 and a bleeder resistor 82, in which a connection to the housing 16 is connected. The emitter circle of the Transistor 80 has resistors 83, 84 and a capacitor 85 lying on one side of housing 16. A The connection of the resistor 84 is connected to a supply source 86. The emitter of transistor 80 is on connected to the input 87 of a matching circuit 88, which has a field effect transistor as a source follower is constructed.

A resistor 89 and a capacitor 90 connected to the housing 16 are connected to the collector of the transistor 80. The common connection point of the resistor 89 and the capacitor 90 is connected to a supply source 91. At the collector of the transistor 80 is a changeover switch 92 with capacitors 93 _b 93 _2,. .. 93 ". This changeover switch 92 is mechanically connected to the changeover switches 65, 77 and 78. The collector of the transistor 80 is also connected to the input of the low-pass filter 5 via a capacitor 94.

The capacitors 53, 68, 81 are connected together with one connection each and form the input 3 of the Device for measuring and converting pulses.

The integral pulse converter 36 consists of a transistor 95, at the base of a resistor 96 and a Capacitor 97 are, in which one terminal is connected to the output of the matching circuit 88 is. The emitter circuit of transistor 95 includes resistors 98, 99 and a capacitor 100 which is connected to the Housing 16 is switched. In the case of resistor 99, one terminal is connected to a supply source 101.

A resistor 102, a capacitor 103 and a capacitor are located in the collector circuit of the transistor 95 104. The capacitors 103 and 104 are connected to the housing 16 with one connection each. Of the The connection point between the resistor 102 and the capacitor 104 is connected to a supply source 105. The collector of the transistor 95 is connected to the input of the filter 37 via a capacitor 106 in connection.

The channel switch 11 contains field effect transistors 107, 108 and a summing amplifier 109. An A capacitor 110 and resistors 111, 112 are connected to one input of the summing amplifier 109. Both Resistors 111 and 112 are connected to a supply source £ or. at the output of the analog memory 6. The common connection point of the capacitor 110 and the resistors 111, 112 is to the drain of the Field effect transistor 107 connected.

A capacitor 113 and resistors 114, 115 are connected to the other input of the summing amplifier. The resistors 114 and 115 have a connection

at the supply source E or at the output of the analog memory 7. The common connection point of the capacitor 113 and the resistors 114, 115 is connected to the drain of the field effect transistor 108.

The sources of the field effect transistors 107, 108 are connected to the housing 16 and the gates to the third or second output of the synchronization unit8 connected.

The output of the summing amplifier 109 is connected to the input 18 of the analog-digital converter 17.

An increase in the sensitivity of the device for measuring and converting pulses is at specified error sizes of the parameter measurement are only possible under the following conditions: is

when reducing the level of the influence noise at the outputs of the integral pulse converter, this being achieved by building integral pulse converters with optimal characteristics can be (see R. M. Musin, M. I. Gryaznov, I. J. Filatov "Circuit technology of the form factor knife for video impulses ", Technika sredstv svyazi", episode "Hochfrequenzmeßtechnik", Moscow, 1981, issue 2 (34), pp. 15-20). In this case, the influence noise is generated by generating a difference signal compensated in a subtraction unit, not shown. But noise interference remains in the channel signal supplied by the integral pulse converter with linear amplitude characteristic; by reducing errors in the system Processing of converted pulses. This is done by replacing the analog system with a digital system achieved (see R. M. Musin, D. A. Timofeev, M. I. Gryaznov "Structure of the pulse parameter meter", »Technika sredstv svyazi«, series »Hochfrequenzmeßtechnik«, Moscow, 1981, No. 1 (3), pp. 38-45);

when the duration of the pulses to be examined is shortened, especially down to the picosecond range, can increase the sensitivity of the device by forming an additional Channel for pulse amplitude measurement can be achieved, which is influenced by the influence noise eliminated at the outputs of the integral pulse converter;

- when adding an additional channel, a second integral pulse converter with linear Amplitude characteristic, a low-pass filter, an analog memory, an analog-digital converter and contains a complement code generator. The low-frequency Influence noise in the channel of the signal, which from the integral pulse converter with linear amplitude characteristic is supplied.

The facility for measuring and converting pulses works as follows.

The pulses fed to input 3 (Fig. 1) are processed in module 1 and in integral pulse converter 2 Nonlinearly and linearly converted, widened and reached the inputs of the band filters 4 and 5, in which the low-frequency interference occurring in the signal processing channel is filtered out. As a result of the non-harmonic form of the induced disturbances, the filter 4 results at the outputs and 5 impulsive influenza disturbances, the duration of which corresponds to the duration of the broadened exponential impulses is commensurate. The exponential pulses are sent to the analog memories 6, 7, in which, with the help of an in the synchronization unit 8 generated short control pulses the "sampling" of the signal takes place and the Signals are broadened by means of the capacitors 14, 15.

The quasi-constant voltages with amplitudes U ₁ and U ₁ reach the inputs 12 and 13 of the channel switch 11, which sends the outputs of the analog memories 6 and 7 to the input of the analog-digital converter with the aid of a control signal supplied by the synchronization unit 8 17 switches alternately. From the output of the channel switch 11, the quasi-constant voltages £ /, and U ₂ alternately reach the input of the analog-to-digital converter 17. At the input 32 of the analog-to-digital converter 17, the synchronization unit 8 sends a signal that the preparation of the analog-to-digital converter 17 causes the reception of the next information.

The codes corresponding to the quasi-constant voltages come from the output of the analog-digital converter 17 via the data line to the input 20 of the microprocessor 19, in which the generalized Amplitude and duration, the energy and the area of the impulses can be determined. These coded sizes are the display unit 21 and supplied from the output 34 of the interface 35.

By applying the band filters and using the digital system to process the converted Pulses will significantly increase the accuracy of the measurement of the pulse parameters (the generalized amplitude and duration).

This increase in the accuracy of the pulse measurement is due to the following factors:

by eliminating induced low-frequency interference in the signal path and thus by reducing it of deviations in the displayed sizes, especially when measuring the parameters of Single pulses;

- by a higher accuracy of the execution of mathematical operations when calculating the generalized amplitude U ₀ and duration /, as a result of the use of the microprocessor.

The use of the microprocessor also leads to the expansion of the functional possibilities of the device. The possibilities arise to encode the pulse energy and the electricity content in the pulse and to measure, to the mode of averaging for the purpose of increasing the measuring accuracy at repeated to pass the following impulses to enter the information about the measured quantities in an interface, d. H. to use the device as part of measurement systems.

To reduce measurement errors that occur in the pulse parameter measurement as a result of induced low-frequency Disturbances when increasing the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the integral pulse converter in the Building block 1 and the integral pulse converter 2 result at lower frequencies, is the one to be investigated Signal from the second output of the integral pulse converter 2 to the integral pulse converter 36 with linear Amplitude characteristic fed. At the output of the integral pulse converter 36, this signal is generated with the aid of the The capacitor 38 is filtered out, and the low-frequency interference is passed to the filter 37. At the exit of the Filter 37 appears the pulse-shaped interference signal, des-

sen phase-frequency characteristic of the phase-frequency characteristic of the interference signal in the useful signal channel is identical is. In the analog memory 39, the low-frequency interference signal is converted into a quasi-constant voltage and further converted into a code in the analog-to-digital converter 40. The coded low-frequency interference signal arrives at the complement code generator 44, from which the digital compensation is carried out according to a predetermined algorithm of the low-frequency interference signal in the useful signal channel is guaranteed. The control takes place by the microprocessor 19.

The use of the second integral pulse converter 36 with a linear amplitude characteristic and the digital one System for the compensation of low-frequency interference signals that occur in the first integral pulse converter 2, also leads to an increase in the accuracy of the pulse parameter measurement.

To increase the sensitivity and to reduce it of measurement errors as well as to ensure the possibility of non-oscillographic measuring devices for multi-channel measurements Building up the amplitude of picosecond and nanosecond pulses is an integral part of the facility additional measuring channel provided.

From the input 24, the pulses to be examined reach the circuit 23, in which the short input pulses be lengthened linearly, d. H. Single pulses converted into a pulse train or into a pulse longer than the input pulse. The resulting quasi-pulse train is from the first output the circuit 23 for pulse lengthening to the input 27 of the analog memory 7 and from the second output via an adaptation unit 25 to the input 28 of the synchronization unit 8, in which a Control pulse is generated with the maximum of the quasi-pulse train or with the maximum of any Pulse of this pulse train coincides in time. The signal arrives at the adaptation unit 25 into the analog memory 7. A quasi-constant voltage appears at its output, the amplitude of which is the The amplitude of the pulses at the input 24 is proportional.

The expansion of the device by the circuit 23 for pulse lengthening and by the adaptation unit 25 results in a higher sensitivity and a better accuracy in measuring the amplitude of picosecond pulses. Thereby an extension of the pulse length measuring range up to a few seconds.

So by using the integral pulse converter 36, the band filter 37, the analog memory 39, the analog-to-digital converter 40, the complement code generator 44, the circuit 23 and the matching unit .15 achieves the following advantages:

- an increase in the accuracy in the measurement of the generalized pulse parameters (the generalized amplitude, duration, energy and area) as a result of the compensation of induced low-frequency interference in the useful signal path;
greater sensitivity and accuracy when measuring the amplitude of picosecond and nanosecond pulses due to the use of an additional channel for converting a single pulse into a quasi-pulse train;
an extension of the functional possibilities and the areas of application of the device for measuring and converting pulses.

The following describes the operation of the device for measuring and converting pulses in more detail to be viewed as.

The pulses to be examined pass through the capacitor 53 (FIG. 2) and through the bleeder resistor 54 to the base of transistor 52. The operating current value of transistor 52 is in the section of its current-voltage characteristic chosen by means of the exponential function

~ e · ¹ "-» - 1

is described. Here, λ is the curvature of the current-voltage characteristic. The correction of the variable λ by means of the resistor 55, ie the straightening of the current-voltage characteristic with the help of the negative feedback, is possible. The resistor 56 is used to set the operating current value for the transistor 52. The capacitors 57 and 60 are provided for filtering the signal in the supply circuit.

The second integral pulse converter of module 1 functions in a similar way.

The pulses reach the base of transistor 67 via capacitor 68 and bleeder resistor 69. The setting of the operating current value of the transistor 67 is carried out by choosing the resistance value for the Resistor 71, while with the help of resistor 70 the value of A, i.e. H. the voltage characteristic of the shape

F ₁ ~ 1 - e

, '■ To

can be corrected by means of the negative feedback, where U _n means the amplitude of the input pulses.

The capacitors 72 and 74 screen the signal in the supply circuits. The resistors 59, 73 are selected based on the condition RC - 30 t _Xmax , where t _{} max is} the maximum pulse duration in the respective subrange and is determined by the capacitance values of the capacitors 661,66 ₂ ... 66 ″ in the length / subrange switch 125 .

The changeover switch 126, which is mechanically connected to the changeover switches 125 and 79, is used Transmission of the signal intended for character display to the microprocessor 19.

The exponential impuise, which is 30 times longer as the input pulses are passed from the resistors 59 and 73 via the capacitors 62,75 to the Inputs 63,76 of the differential amplifier 64. Exponential pulses appear at the output of this amplifier, whose amplitude is proportional to the square of the pulse amplitude at input 3.

At the same time, the pulses from input 3 are fed to integral pulse converter 2. About the capacitor 81 and the bleeder resistor 82, these pulses reach the base of the transistor 80. With the help of the high-resistance Resistance 83 in the emitter circuit is a strong negative feedback, i. H. a significant one Linearization of the current-voltage characteristic of the transistor 80 is achieved. By means of the resistor 84 is the Working current of transistor 80 set. The capacitors 85 and 90 seven the signal in the supply circuit away.

From the emitter of the transistor 80, the signal reaches the input 87 of the matching unit 88, which with a field effect transistor is constructed as a source follower. From the output of the adaptation unit 88, the The signal is fed to the base of the transistor 95 via the capacitor 97 and the bleeder resistor 96.

The integral pulse converter 36 is designed similarly to the integral pulse converter 2 described and has a linear amplitude characteristic.

The resistor 102 and the capacitor 103 form the load on the transistor 95, the size of which is not changed when the pulse length subregions are changed. The capacitance value of the capacitor 103 is selected to be much larger than the maximum capacitance of the capacitor in the sub-area with the greatest pulse lengths. At the output of the integral pulse converter 36 there are the widened pulses and only the interference signal remains, the phase and frequency characteristics of which are approximately similar to the phase and frequency characteristics of the interference signal at the output of the integral pulse converter 2.

A coaxial cable section or an artificial delay line can be used for the module 23 for pulse lengthening (cf. SV Magrachov "Analog devices for measuring and converting individual signals", Verlag "Energiya", Moscow, 1974, pp. 77-85).

So one gets broadened exponential impulses, their amplitude

at the output of the summing amplifier 64 proportional to the second power of the input pulse amplitude is and

at the output of the integral pulse converter 2 proportional to the first power of the input pulse amplitude is. This can be represented as follows:

signal generated, which is given from its output to the input of the synchronization unit 8, are generated in the control signals. These signals open the transistor 107 and block the transistor 108 of the channel switch 11.

As a result, the analog signal from the output of the analog memory 7 reaches the input of the analog-digital converter 17 in the time interval Δ t _{2 (FIG. 3).}
The analog-digital converter 17 (FIG. 2) converts the analog signals into a binary code (cf. EI Gitis, EA Piskunov "Analog-digital converter", Moscow, Verlag "Energoizdat", 1981, p. 233- 241). The coded signals are passed from the output of the analog-digital converter 17 via the data line to the input of the microprocessor 19 , in which the operations of division, multiplication and code conversion take place according to a predetermined program. At the same time, encoded signals arrive at the input 50 of the microprocessor 19 via activated partial areas of the pulse lengths and amplitudes, which indicate the dimensions of the variables intended for display.

The operation of the microprocessor 19 is controlled by the signals which are given by the fourth output of the synchronization unit 8 and by the output of the analog-digital converter 17 . For input pulses of any shape, the information about the electricity content Q of the pulse and its energy is generated in the microprocessor 19 (cf. MI Gryaznov "Integralimpulsmessage", Verlag "Sov. Radio", 1975, pp. 136-139, 103-114):

U ₂ -U _n , -I ₁ .

(3)

Here, U _n and Z ₁ mean the amplitude and duration of the input pulse.

These signals reach the filters 4, 5 for filtering out the low-frequency interference signal, which is a multiple of the frequency 50 Hz. From the outputs of the filters 4, 5 the signals are fed to the analog memories 6, 7, in which a short control pulse generated in the synchronization unit 8 "samples" the signal and the "samples" are stored in the capacitors 14, 15 . As a result, quasi constant voltages appear at the outputs of the analog memories 6, 7, the amplitude of which is proportional to the quantities t /, and U ₂ (see MI Gryaznov "Integralimpulsmessage", Verlag "Sov. Radio", 1975, pp. 136-139 , 103-114).

The channel switch 11 switches the outputs of the analog memories 6, 7 to the input of the analog-to-digital converter 17 for the time required to convert the analog signals into an n-digit code.

The channel switch 11 functions as follows. The quasi-constant voltages pass from the outputs of the analog memories 6, 7 to the inputs of the channel switch 11.

The control signal arriving from the third output of the synchronization unit 8 opens the field effect transistor 108. Over a period of time that corresponds to the operating time AI _{1 of} the analog-to-digital converter 17 , the quasi-constant voltage from the output of the analog memory 6 reaches the input of the summing amplifier 109 without Attenuation and from the output of the analog memory 7 as an attenuated voltage. The analog signal is fed from the output of the summing amplifier 109 to the input of the analog-digital converter 17. After the end of the operating period of the analog-to-digital converter 17 , a final

where A _{0 is} the input resistance of the device and S ₁ , S _{2 are} form factors of the pulses to be measured.

The information about the generalized amplitude U ₀ and duration r of pulses is also generated in the microprocessor 19:

U _n

-Hl - τι Siz. = Ii ι-

where U _{n is} the pulse amplitude and k _{} is} the form factor of the pulses (see MI Gryaznov "Integralimpulsmessage", Verlag "Sov. Radio", 1975, pp. 42-60).

This information is passed into the display unit 21 and to the interface 35, the operation of the device with peripheral devices being guaranteed.
To eliminate low-frequency interference caused by the amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the integral pulse converter 2 (increase in the amplitude-frequency characteristic curve in the range of lower frequencies of the signal spectrum), and to increase the accuracy of the parameter measurement, a channel is provided, the following components contains:

- an integral pulse converter 36,

- a band filter 37,

- an analog memory 39,

- an analog-to-digital converter 40,

- a complement code generator 44.

The work of each structural unit of this channel is quite similar to the operation of the same units described. The only exceptions are the units 36 and 40. The integral pulse converter equipped with the transistor 95 36 is constructed similarly to the integral pulse converter 2S. But the capacitance of the load capacitor 103 of the integral pulse converter 36 is chosen so that the useful signal is "suppressed" and only the low-frequency Interfering signal can be let through.

To maintain the phase relationships of the signals in the circuits of the first and second Integral pulse converter with linear amplitude characteristic, the useful signal together with the interference signal is the Input of integral pulse converter 36 from the emitter load (from resistor 83) of transistor 80 supplied via the matching circuit 88. As a result, there is at the output of the integral pulse converter 36 only the low-frequency interference signal. This signal passes through the filter 37. At the output of the analog memory 39 the quasi-constant voltage appears, the value of which corresponds to the amplitude of the low-frequency interference signal is proportional.

The analog signal is converted into a digit code in the analog-to-digital converter 40 and arrives at the Data line to input 45 of complement code generator 44, on whose input 46 a control signal (for Release of the interference signal compensation) is given by the fourth output of the synchronization unit 8.

The complement code generator 44 is a RAM memory in which the information about the amplitude of the low-frequency interference signal is stored (cf. A. I. Berezenko, L. N. Koryagin, A. R. Nazaryan "Microprocessor sets of high operating speed", Moscow, Verlag "Radio i Svyaz", 1981, p. 139, 140).

The information about the interference signal reaches the input 48 of the microprocessor 19 via the data line simultaneously with the addressing signal from the second output of the complement code generator 44. With the arrival this information takes place in the microprocessor 19, the automatic compensation of the low-frequency interference signal and its removal from the useful signal. This will make the deviations from the displayed Sizes significantly reduced, i.e. H. a higher accuracy of the parameter measurement is achieved.

If the duration of the pulses to be examined is shorter and z. If, for example, several tens of picoseconds or several tenths of a nanosecond are reached, the value of the ratio of useful signal to interfering signal is greatly reduced, with the error of the pulse parameter measurement becoming significantly greater. In connection with this, the input 24 is provided in the device. When the pulses are applied to this input, the short pulses, especially single pulses, are converted in the circuit 23 for pulse lengthening into a quasi-pulse train or into a pulse of the same duration η ■ Z ₁ , where f is the duration of the pulse to be examined ( see ZV Magrachov "Analog devices for measuring and converting individual pulses." Moscow, Verlag "Energiya", 1974, pp. 77-85).

Via the adaptation unit 25, which in the simplest case is a broadband amplifier with a high input resistance can be, the signal from the output of the circuit 23 for pulse lengthening reaches the synchronization unit 8 for the purpose of generating a control pulse and a signal for clearing the analog memory 7. The adapter unit sends 25 pulses to one input of the analog memory 7, from which a “sample” is taken and written into memory 7.

The invention enables the construction of a device characterized by higher sensitivity and measurement accuracy Device for measuring and converting Irq pulses, especially picosecond pulses.

On the basis of this facility is the creation of Multi-function pulse parameter meters for multi-channel measurements possible in nuclear physics and in laser technology.

For this purpose 3 sheets of drawings

Claims (1)

Patent claims: 1. Device for measuring and converting pulses a) with an integral pulse converter (2) with a linear amplitude characteristic, b) a module (1) made up of integral pulse converters with a non-linear amplitude characteristic, wherein the inputs of the linear integral pulse converter (2) and the integral pulse converter module (1) are interconnected and form the input (3) of the facility, c) with a synchronization unit (6) connected to the output of the linear integral pulse converter (2) is electrically connected, d) with a system for processing the converted pulses, which with all integral pulse converters is connected and which has: