DE3118391C1

DE3118391C1 - Voltage tester

Info

Publication number: DE3118391C1
Application number: DE19813118391
Authority: DE
Inventors: Walter Steinig; Josef 4290 Bocholt Wessels
Original assignee: BENNING ELEKTROTECHNIK
Current assignee: BENNING ELEKTROTECHNIK
Priority date: 1981-05-09
Filing date: 1981-05-09
Publication date: 1982-12-09

Abstract

The invention relates to a voltage tester having two rod-shaped housings connected to one another by a cable and in each case provided with one test electrode, at least one housing of which has an indicating device consisting of a plunger coil, the armature of which can be displaced against the restoring force of a spring by the magnetic force generated in the plunger coil due to the sensed voltage, a pointer connected to the armature indicating the respective voltage on a scale. So that the voltage tester can also be used for alternating current of a higher frequency with an increased indicating range and, in addition, to reduce the current consumption occurring during the measuring, the plunger coil is preceded by a rectifier and a permanent magnet is arranged at the end of the armature emerging from the plunger coil. Between the armature consisting of magnetisable material and the permanent magnet, an intermediate piece of non- magnetisable material can be arranged. The armature is formed by a tube of non-magnetisable material, in the front end of which the permanent magnet and at a distance therefrom a soft-iron rod are arranged.

Description

Bei einer anderen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist der der Tauchspule vorgeschaltete Gleichrichter durch eine aus vier Dioden bestehende Brückenschaltung gebildet. In another embodiment of the invention, the the Rectifier connected upstream of the moving coil through a bridge circuit consisting of four diodes educated.

Dies ergibt eine besonders einfache und raumsparend unterzubringende Ausbildung des Gleichrichters.This results in a particularly simple and space-saving housing Training the rectifier.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung können in Reihe mit der Tauchspule zwei weitere Dioden angeordnet sein, zu denen eine Leuchtdiode parallel geschaltet ist. Diese Leuchtdiode ist zur Anzeige niedriger Spannungen bestimmt. According to a further embodiment of the invention, in series be arranged with the plunger coil two further diodes, one of which is a light-emitting diode is connected in parallel. This light emitting diode is used to indicate low voltages certainly.

Um optisch eine vorhandene Gleichspannung oder eine Wechselspannung höheren Wertes anzuzeigen, wird gemäß einer anderen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung schließlich zwischen den Eingängen der Brückenschaltung eine Glimmlampe mit Vorwiderstand angeordnet. To optically an existing direct voltage or an alternating voltage Display a higher value, is according to another embodiment of the invention Finally, a glow lamp with a series resistor between the inputs of the bridge circuit arranged.

Auf der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Spannungsprüfers dargestellt, und zwar zeigt F i g. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch die mittels eines Kabels miteinander verbundenen Gehäuse des Spannungsprüfers, Fig. 2 ein Schaltbild des Spannungsprüfers und F i g. 3 eine Ansicht der Skala des Spannungsprüfers. In the drawing is an embodiment of the invention Voltage tester shown, namely shows F i g. 1 shows a longitudinal section through the The housing of the voltage tester connected to one another by means of a cable, Fig. 2 shows a circuit diagram of the voltage tester and FIG. 3 is a view of the voltage tester scale.

Der Spannungsprüfer besteht aus zwei stabförmigen Gehäusen 1, welche durch ein Kabel 3 miteinander verbunden sind. Während im Gehäuse 1 lediglich eine feststehende Prüfelektrode 4 mit einer Zentrierscheibe 5 und eine Zugentlastung 6 für das Kabel 3 angeordnet sind, enthält das Gehäuse 2 eine komplette Anzeigevorrichtung für die mit dem Spannungsprüfer abgetastete Spannung. The voltage tester consists of two rod-shaped housings 1, which are interconnected by a cable 3. While in the housing 1 only one fixed test electrode 4 with a centering disk 5 and a strain relief 6 are arranged for the cable 3, the housing 2 contains a complete display device for the voltage scanned with the voltage tester.

Im stabförmigen Gehäuse 2 ist eine Prüfelektrode 7 angeordnet, die entgegen der Kraft einer Kontaktfeder 8 in axialer Richtung verschiebbar ist. Diese Kontaktfeder 8 steht in elektrisch leitender Verbindung mit einer Leiterkarte 9, auf der die in F i g. 2 dargestellten elektrischen bzw. elektronischen Bauelemente angeordnet sind und die mit ihrem unteren Ende mit dem Kabel 3 verbunden ist Auch im Gehäuse 2 ist das Kabel 3 durch eine Zugentlastung 10 befestigt. In the rod-shaped housing 2, a test electrode 7 is arranged, which is displaceable in the axial direction against the force of a contact spring 8. These Contact spring 8 is in electrically conductive connection with a circuit card 9, on which the in F i g. 2 illustrated electrical or electronic components are arranged and which is connected with its lower end to the cable 3 Also The cable 3 is fastened in the housing 2 by a strain relief 10.

Die im Gehäuse 2 angeordnete Anzeigevorrichtung umfaßt eine Tauchspule 11, der gemäß Fig. 2 ein Gleichrichter 12 vorgeschaltet ist, welcher durch eine aus vier Dioden bestehende Brückenschaltung gebildet ist Zwischen den zu den Prüfelektroden 4 bzw. 7 führenden Eingängen der Brückenschaltung ist eine Glimmlampe 13 mit Vorwiderstand 14 angeordnet, welche optisch die vorhandene Gleichspannung oder Wechselspannung anzeigt, sobald diese Werte über 110 Volt besitzt In Reihe mit der Tauchspule 11 sind zwei weitere Dioden 15, 16 geschaltet Zu diesen Dioden 15, 16 ist eine Leuchtdiode 17 parallel geschaltet, welche niedrige Spannungen anzeigt, z. B. ab 6 Volt. The display device arranged in the housing 2 comprises a plunger coil 11, which is connected upstream of a rectifier 12 according to FIG Bridge circuit consisting of four diodes is formed between the test electrodes 4 or 7 leading inputs of the bridge circuit is a glow lamp 13 with a series resistor 14 arranged, which optically corresponds to the existing direct voltage or alternating voltage indicates as soon as this value is above 110 volts In series with plunger coil 11 two further diodes 15, 16 are connected to these diodes 15, 16 is a light emitting diode 17 connected in parallel, which indicates low voltages, e.g. B. from 6 volts.

In den F i g. 1 und 3 ist erkennbar, daß die Glimmlampe 13 und die Leuchtdiode 17 in einem Skalenfeld 18 angeordnet sind, welches außerdem ein mit Spannungsangaben versehenes Fenster 19 besitzt In dem Bereich dieses Fensters 19 ist ein Zeiger 20 verschiebbar, der mit dem oberen Ende eines Ankers 21 verbunden ist Dieser Anker 21 besteht beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel aus einem Rohr aus nichtmagnetisierbarem Material, beispielsweise Aluminium, in welches im unteren Teil ein Weicheisenstab 21 a eingeschoben ist In das obere, aus dem Bereich der Tauchspule 11 austretende Ende des Ankers 21 ist ein Dauermagnet 22 eingesetzt Beim Antasten einer Spannung mit den Prüfelektroden 4 und 7 wird diese - sofern es sich um eine Wechselspannung handelt - durch die aus vier Dioden bestehende Brückenschaltung gleichgerichtet Sie erzeugt mittels der Tauchspule 11 ein elektro-magnetisches Feld, welches den Anker 21 in F i g. 1 nach oben verschiebt. Aufgrund des dem in der Tauchspule 11 erzeugten Magnetfeld entgegengesetzten Magnetfeldes des Dauermagneten 22 reicht bereits eine geringe Spannung aus, um den Anker 21 zu verschieben. In Zusammenwirken mit der Gleichrichtung von Wechselspannungen wird hierdurch erreicht, daß der Spannungsprüfer bereits bei kleinen Spannungen, und zwar auch bei Wechselspannungen, diese auf dem Skalenfeld 18 durch den hinter dem Fenster 19 sichtbar werdenden Zeiger 20 anzeigt. Gleichzeitig leuchtet die Leuchtdiode 17 auf. In the F i g. 1 and 3 it can be seen that the Glow lamp 13 and the Light-emitting diode 17 are arranged in a scale field 18, which also has a In the area of this window 19, the window 19 provided with voltage information a pointer 20, which is connected to the upper end of an armature 21, is displaceable This anchor 21 consists in the illustrated embodiment of a tube made of non-magnetizable material, for example aluminum, in which in the lower Part of a soft iron rod 21 a is inserted into the upper, from the area of Plunger coil 11 exiting end of armature 21, a permanent magnet 22 is used when Probing a voltage with the test electrodes 4 and 7 is this - if it is is an alternating voltage - through the bridge circuit consisting of four diodes rectified It generates an electromagnetic field by means of the moving coil 11, which the anchor 21 in F i g. 1 moves up. Because of the one in the plunger coil 11 generated magnetic field opposite magnetic field of the permanent magnet 22 is sufficient already a low voltage in order to move the armature 21. In cooperation with the rectification of alternating voltages it is achieved that the voltage tester even with small voltages, even with alternating voltages, these on the Scale field 18 is indicated by the pointer 20 which becomes visible behind the window 19. At the same time, the light-emitting diode 17 lights up.

Sobald die abgetastete Spannung bestimmte Werte übersteigt, wird der Anker 21 derart weit aus der Tauchspule 11 verschoben, daß der am vorderen Ende des Ankers 21 angeordnete Dauermagnet 22 unwirksam wird. Eine Verstärkung der Anzeigewirkung durch den Dauermagnet 22 ist somit auf kleinere Spannungswerte beschränkt. Übersteigt die Spannung beispielsweise 110 Volt, wird dies durch Aufleuchten der Glimmlampe 13 zusätzlich sichtbar gemacht. As soon as the sensed voltage exceeds certain values, the armature 21 moved so far from the plunger coil 11 that the front end of the armature 21 arranged permanent magnet 22 becomes ineffective. A strengthening of the display effect by the permanent magnet 22 is thus limited to lower voltage values. Exceeds For example, if the voltage is 110 volts, this is indicated by the glow lamp lighting up 13 also made visible.

Der Anker 21 ist über eine als Wendelfeder ausgebildete Zug-Druck-Feder 23 am Boden des Gehäuses 2 abgestützt Diese Zug-Druck-Feder 23 neutralisiert in der üblichen Gebrauchslage des Spannungsprüfers das Gewicht des Ankers 21 mit dem Weicheisenstab 21a und Dauermagneten 22. Die Zug-Druck-Feder 23 befindet sich zwischen einem oberen, mit dem Rohr des Ankers 21 verbundenen Federteller 24 und einer unteren Federscheibe 25. Diese Federscheibe 25 ist gegenüber dem Gehäuse 2 verstellbar, so daß die Zug-Druck-Feder 23 zwecks Kompensation des Gewichts des Ankers 21 leicht justiert werden kann. The armature 21 is via a tension-compression spring designed as a helical spring 23 supported on the bottom of the housing 2. This tension-compression spring 23 neutralizes in the usual position of use of the voltage tester the weight of the armature 21 with the Soft iron bar 21a and permanent magnet 22. The tension-compression spring 23 is located between an upper spring plate 24 connected to the tube of the armature 21 and a lower one Spring washer 25. This spring washer 25 is adjustable with respect to the housing 2, so that the tension-compression spring 23 to compensate for the weight of the armature 21 easily can be adjusted.

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Claims

Claims: 1. Voltage tester with two with each other through one Cable-connected, rod-shaped housings each provided with a test electrode, at least one of which has a display device consisting of a moving coil has, the armature against the restoring force of a spring by the plunger coil due to the sensed voltage generated magnetic force is displaceable, wherein a pointer connected to the armature shows the respective voltage on a scale, it is also stated that the plunger coil (11) is a rectifier (12) is connected upstream and that at the end emerging from the plunger coil (11) of the armature (21) a permanent magnet (22) is arranged.

2. Voltage tester according to claim 1, characterized in that between the armature (21) made of magnetizable material and the permanent magnet (22) an intermediate piece made of non-magnetizable material is arranged.

3. Voltage tester according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that the armature (21) is formed by a tube made of non-magnetizable material, in the front end of the permanent magnet (22) and at a distance from it a soft iron rod (21a) are arranged.

4. Voltage tester according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that the armature (21) is supported on the housing (2) by means of a tension-compression spring (23) is.

5. Voltage tester according to claim 4, characterized in that the Train-compression spring (23) is designed as a helical spring.

6. Voltage tester according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that that the tension-compression spring (23) is adjustable by means of a relative to the housing (2) Spring washer (25) is supported.

7. Voltage tester according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that that the rectifier (12) by a bridge circuit consisting of four diodes is formed.

8. Voltage tester according to claim 7, characterized in that in Row with the plunger coil (11) two further diodes (15, 16) are arranged, to which A light-emitting diode (17) is connected in parallel to indicate low voltages.

9. Voltage tester according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that that between the inputs of the bridge circuit a glow lamp (13) with a series resistor (14) is arranged.

The invention relates to a voltage tester with two together connected by a cable, each provided with a test electrode, rod-shaped Housings, of which at least one housing consists of a moving coil Has display device, the armature of which against the restoring force of a spring the magnetic force generated in the plunger coil due to the sensed voltage is displaceable is, with a pointer connected to the armature the respective voltage on a Indicates scale.

Voltage testers of the type described above are known z. B. U.S. 26 32 785. You have turned in different designs in practice proven.

The only disadvantage is their limited display area and their Restriction to direct current and alternating current with 50 Hertz.

The invention is based on the object of providing a voltage tester to create the type described above that has a larger display area, is also suitable for alternating current with a higher frequency and its when measuring - the power consumption that occurs is low.

The solution to this problem by the invention is thereby characterized in that the plunger coil is preceded by a rectifier and that on a permanent magnet is arranged at the end of the armature emerging from the moving coil.

The plunger coil is created by the rectifier connected upstream of the plunger coil in any case, d. H. even when touching AC-carrying parts direct current supplied, whereby the electromagnetic field generated by the plunger coil is strengthened because the constant change through the zero point does not occur.

For this reason, the moving coil of the voltage tester according to the invention leads a movement even at lower voltages, with reduced energy consumption. This inventive measure also leads to the fact that the already dangerous Touch voltage of 50 volts is displayed, maintaining the upper limit Display area because the sensitivity of the moving coil through the upstream Rectifier has been increased towards the lower display area. Another Expansion of the display area downwards results in the anchor according to the invention The moving coil arranged permanent magnet, which at low voltages due to its the magnetic field opposite to the moving coil increases the stroke of the armature results, as long as the arranged at the end of the armature emerging from the moving coil The permanent magnet is still in the area of the moving coil. If this permanent magnet occurs after a initial stroke of the armature from the moving coil, it loses its effect, so that it is ineffective in the upper display area.

The invention accordingly creates a voltage tester whose Display area in the range of low voltages and for high-frequency alternating currents is considerably enlarged with simple means.

According to one embodiment of the invention is between the magnetizable Material existing armature and the permanent magnet an intermediate piece made of non-magnetizable Material arranged to magnetically separate the permanent magnet from the armature.

The armature is preferably made of a non-magnetizable tube Material, for example aluminum, formed, in the front end of which the permanent magnet and a soft iron rod are arranged at a distance from this.

To determine the weight in the normal position of use of the voltage tester To neutralize the anchor, the anchor can according to a further embodiment the invention be supported by means of a tension-compression spring on the housing This tension-compression spring is preferably designed as a helical spring, because this creates a special simple execution results. To achieve easy adjustability, the Finally, tension-compression spring according to a further embodiment by means of an opposite the housing adjustable spring washer supported.