DE3148480A1 - Device for regulating the temperature of a building and building element for use in such a device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for regulating the temperature of a building, in which a heat transfer medium flows through building elements forming a unit with the masonry and/or the ceilings, floors and/or the roof surfaces and stores in it thermal energy which would otherwise be transmitted to the outside as energy loss. As a result, the heat transmission to the outside is greatly reduced. After flowing through the collectors (1) of the building elements in a heat exchanger or a heat pump (WP), the excess thermal energy, which is used for regulating the temperature of a building, is removed again from the higher-energy heat transfer medium. The low-energy heat transfer medium is again supplied to the collector (1) of the building elements, so that the circuit is closed. With the device according to the invention, use is optimally made on the one hand of the energy of a heat energy carrier, because the irreversible transmission through the masonry (2) is greatly reduced, and on the other hand cooling of the building interior, with simultaneous utilisation of the ambient heat for hot-water preparation, is also possible at summer temperatures. <IMAGE>

Description

Device for temperature control of a building

and component for use in such a device.

The invention relates to a device for temperature control of a Building with which an increase in the degree of utilization of an energy source is given which is made up of components, in the cavity of which a heat transfer medium circulates, as well as components for use in such a device.

A device for building walls or the like. For adjustable recording of solar energy and / or for the radiation of heat into free space, in which a large-area element facing the free space and a.: wide large-area Element facing away from the free space, the two elements having one to be heated and / or to be cooled heat transfer medium are in heat exchange, so that an element as heat-absorbing sink and the other element acts as a heat-releasing source, is known from DE-AS 22 45 153. There is at least each of the large-area elements a group of over practically the entire length with the corresponding element heat-conductively connected pipe sections assigned, wherein the RohrabschLitte one Group of one element with the corresponding pipe sections of a group of other element are connected via connecting pipe sections. With this well-known Device, the heat transfer medium is combined in gaseous and liquid form.

In addition, the construction of such a known device is complex.

In the magazine db 10/1981, pages 55 and 60 is a flexible one Heat storage described, in which the natural ULd artificial regulation of the thermal room climate a lightly built facade element made of a sheet metal panel with a heat-insulating core part made of a heat-insulating layer with a convector part is combined. The convector part on the inside of the sheet metal facade element consists of an Eanalsystem for the management of the heating or cooling medium water and an inward-facing duct system for the guidance of air to the reinforced Heat or cooling energy released into the room air by convection. There is used as a heat transfer medium Water used to make the exceptionally low heat storage capacity easier Significantly improve sandwich wall constructions. Also this well-known construction is, however, complex in its structure.

From DE-AS 25 07 6n4 is a building block with an insulating layer for erection known from exterior masonry of buildings. In this known module with an insulating layer the thermal resistance that transmitted through the outer masonry is increased However, thermal energy is irretrievably lost.

A building with an attic that can be climatised by Soanenenergie and a roof surface designed as a collector for solar radiation, in particular Residential house in which the roof surface designed as a collector has a steeper slope has than another, designed as a reflector for solar radiation Roof area and in which the roof area with the steeper slope is approximately perpendicular to the Is oriented towards wintry midday sun, is known from DE-AS 24 43 029. Super black or super white surfaces are also described there, known as Meinel layers are known and which absorb or almost 100% solar radiation fully reflect.

The invention is based on the object of a device for temperature control of a building with which the thermal energy loss caused by transmission is very much reduced, which is great for both heating and cooling 61t is suitable and which is constructed from simple, easily manageable components.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the cavity the heat transfer medium flowing through the building elements that transmitted through the masonry Most of the heat absorbs and stores and only a small part passes through the masonry is irreversibly transmitted, and that the heat transfer medium through a collecting duct to a heat exchanger and in this for room temperature control is used and the cooled heat transfer medium through a second collecting channel flows back into the cavity of the components, which acts as a collector. Preferred Developments of the device according to the invention and of suitable components are characterized in the subclaims.

The advantages achieved with the invention are in particular: that the heat transmission loss through the walls and through the window surfaces of a Building is very much reduced because the transmission energy for the most part delivered to the heat transfer medium circulating in a circuit and via a Heat exchanger combined with a heat pump and / or with a conventional heater is returned to the building emperation. Through the possibility of targeted Control of the speed and / or the temperature of the circulating heat transfer medium the wall temperature can be regulated in an advantageous manner and in connection With a known heat pump, short cold spells with temperatures below + 3 ° C can be bridged because with the, for example, electrical devices, incandescent lamps, human heat and residual heat from the waste heat of the boiler room of the building the heat pump operated for a certain period of time will not. According to the invention, the transmission of the walls from the room into the Wall promoted. This promotion only extends to the one acting as a heat collector Cavity of the component. It is there by circulating in a circuit Air as a heat transfer medium is prevented from further transmission to the outside. at According to the invention, sufficiently high outside temperatures result in an advantageous manner an additional transmission from the outside through the wall to the inside as a collector acting cavity of the component.

The higher the circulation speed of the heat transfer medium in the Collector is, the greater the uranium transmission speed of the amount of heat in Direction to the collector. Advantageously, with the device according to the invention in the case of company buildings that have their heating energy requirements mainly due to their interior cover accumulating waste heat, this waste heat can be used longer because in every circulation only a much smaller amount of energy is irreversibly lost than usual transmitted through the masonry. Part of the longer existing thermal energy can be given off as excess heat to other parts of the building. this applies especially for apartment buildings, where the more centrally located apartments receive waste heat from the apartments around them through ceilings and walls. Will these ceilings and walls also equipped with a device according to the invention, so is the transmitted heat energy in the circuit via the heating system, for example from a combination system consisting of a transmission heat collector, a solar collector, Geothermal or air heat collectors, a heat pump, underfloor heating and a Hot water storage tank can exist, returned. All apartments in a residential complex thus always have the same heat demand in an advantageous manner. The Air circulation in the cavities acting as a collector either for each wall individually and / or for all walls together.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. It demonstrate: Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a designed as a ceiling or wall cladding, Collector for heat recovery present as roll goods, FIG. 2 is a schematic Representation of a battery consisting of several collectors, Fig. 3 temperature diagrams various possible operating states of a device for temperature setting Fig. 4 shows a collector in an open front view, Fig. 5 energy flow diagrams for Comparison of the prior art with the invention Fig. 6 shows a practical embodiment of components arranged one above the other, FIG. 7 shows a three-dimensional representation of a Component for use in a device according to the invention, FIG. 8 a Side view of a component in the wall composite, FIG. 9 is a schematic representation the network of a number of collectors, Fig. 10 variants of the design of the am Collector-located brackets for the bricks to be attached to the side, 11 shows a building element with a central brick and two side collectors, Fig.12 shows a section of the transition from one collector to another, and Fig. 13 shows another design of a transition from one collector to another Collector.

Fig. 1 shows one between super white inner walls 11 and super black ones Outer walls 12 acting as a collector 1 cavity formed by webs 13 in a meandering shape is divided. On the the left side is hatched masonry 2 indicated, with which the collector 1 forms a unit. Connected to collector 1 is an inlet duct 3 and an outlet duct 4 for air circulation through the collector 1, a flow line 5 to a heat pump WP and a return line 6 to the inlet channel 3 of the collector 1. Through the webs 13 between the walls 11 of the collector 1 results a stiff construction of the collector 1. On the opposite side of the masonry 2 Side of the collector 1 can be arranged a layer of an insulating material. For However, the puncture of the device according to the invention is primarily important that the circulating heat transfer medium in the collector 1, which is available in sheets or rolls made of water-repellent, impregnated cardboard, plastic, metal, or the like. exist and fireproof or

Can be made fire-retardant from the inside through the masonry absorbs the amount of transmitted heat and transfers it to an external heat pump WP. the Heat pump WP transfers this excess heat energy to the room heating system and that lower energy heat transfer medium is fed back to the collector 1, so that the Cycle is closed. In the case of high outside temperatures, the cooler heat transfer medium transfer the amount of heat coming from the inside to a hot water storage tank, for example and so be cooled down again. This makes it possible to cLie according to the invention The device can also be used for cooling the room.

Fig. Z shows a battery of several collectors connected in parallel 1, through transverse webs 13, the heat transfer medium in meandering paths let flow through. The collectors 1 have inlet channels 3 and outlet channels 4 interconnected via lines 5 and 6 with a heat pump WP in such a way that Due to the separate circuits via the heat pump WP, a further improvement was achieved Gradation results with which the amount of heat transmitted through the masonry 2 is intercepted and most of it can be recovered. In the in Figures 1 and 2 schematically Rolled or sheet goods shown of collectors 1 that can be provided with an insulation covering on one side as well as on both sides, is a fastening on the walls and ceilings of a building inside and / or outside also possible retrospectively.

Fig. 3 shows temperature diagrams for three different ones from top to bottom Outside temperatures. For example, in the diagram above, the outside temperature is +200. At this temperature a conventional heat pump must normally already be switched off. Due to the thermal energy generated from the inside through the masonry 2 is transmitted, the temperature of the heat transfer medium is increased, so that the Heat pump WP work longer and most of the transmitted energy is restored can be used for space heating. Only a small part of the transmitted heat energy from approx. 20 ß is irreversible, as indicated by the small right arrow lost. In the middle diagram are the ratios for another variant of a The device according to the invention is shown at an outside temperature of -3 ° C. here the heat transfer medium is targeted to the outside temperature by means of a cooling unit K set so that there is no temperature gradient between the heat transfer medium and the outside is available. However, this means that no heat can be transmitted. the As a result of the greater temperature gradient, thermal energy passes through the masonry more quickly transmitted to the heat transfer medium and from there to the heat pump WP, which makes the thermal energy available again for space heating. Both the from the cooling unit K as well as the amount of heat given off by the heat pump WP not lost if the two units are inside the building. The lower Diagram shows the temperature conditions at warm summer temperatures from + 25 ° C outside temperature and 18 ° C inside temperature. Here is the energy that from both sides on the heat transfer medium is charged, which is caused by the against each other directed arrows is illustrated, for example in a hot water tank processed and the cooled heat transfer medium fed back into the collector. This is suitable the device is not only for heating, but also for room cooling.

Fig. 4 shows an open front view of a sheet-shaped collector 1, for example from a water-repellent, fire-retardant cardboard, which is used as a roll or sheet goods can be present. Support crossbars3, which are offset from one another the two side walls against each other and form a meander-shaped one Inner space through which one entering the inlet channel 3 and the collector 1 through the outlet channel 4 again leaving the heat transfer medium, for example air, flows therethrough.

On the left-hand side, FIG. 5 shows a schematic energy flow diagram corresponding to the prior art. A indicates the proportion of thermal energy that is transmitted through the masonry and is irretrievably lost, so that the same amount of energy C must be supplied again by a heating device in order to compensate for the loss of energy. In comparison, the energy diagram of a device according to the invention is shown schematically on the right-hand side. It can be seen from this that the amount of energy A 'irreversibly transmitted into the environment is significantly smaller (' - 0.2. A), and that most of B 'remains reversibly present in the heating system by means of the heat transfer medium, so that only a small amount of energy C. 'is required to keep the system in balance. The following model calculation may serve for further clarification: For a single-family house with minimum thermal insulation according to WSchVO, 1977 ~~~~ applies Heat loss (h) through Transmission ventilation Cellar 12 Roof 16 Outer wall 24 Total: 52 Heat loss (° S) due to i Transmission 1 ventilation Window - 25 23 With a heating requirement of 180 kWh / m2 this results in: Heat loss (%) heat demand (kWh / m²) areas without windows windows Transmission 25 45 so Ventilation 23 total 100 180 Assuming a transmission loss from the collector of 10%, i.e. 18 kWh / m2, this results in: Heat losses Transmission ventilation (%) (kWh / m²) (%) (kWh / m²) Collector 10 18 Window 25 45 23 41.4 Total (without ventilation) 35 63 Total (with ventilation) 58 104.4 If the transmission through the window surfaces according to the invention is reduced by a collector in that the collector sucks warm air transmitted under a window or around the window into the collector and makes this energy of the heat transfer medium available to the heating system, or that in the case of double-glazed windows, direct suction is performed takes place in the collector through the windows, the following model calculation results with regard to the heat losses: Heat losses Window areas Transmission 25 45 Ventilation 23 41.4 ransmission loss from the collector 10 18 Loss of plan missions from suction 10 18 Total collector + extractor 20 36 total requirement 100 180 total savings 80 144 6 shows structural elements arranged one above the other in the form of bricks 21 which enclose a box-shaped cavity as a collector 1 between them. In the outer surface of the collector 1 holes 14, 15 are symmetrically arranged in such a way that the holes 14, 15 next to one another or collectors 1 arranged one on top of the other overlap in alignment. The lateral bricks 21 are offset from the collector 1 in such a way that the base and top surfaces 22, 23 include a jrtel- or KleI gap between them when the base and top surfaces 16, 17 of the collectors 1 lie on top of one another in the wall composite. An inlet channel 3 and an outlet channel 4 are dimensionally adapted to the components, so that a cooling medium, for example air or water, can circulate through the collectors 1, which are arranged closely one above the other and next to one another, and can charge the heat transmitted into the collectors 1.

Fig. 7 shows a three-dimensional representation between two bricks 21 located collector 1 with a box-shaped cavity. On the outer surface of the collector 1 are symmetrically distributed through holes 14 and 15 available.

The bricks 21 are offset diagonally from the collector 1 in such a way that that the bricks 21 when closely adjacent and on top of each other lying Collectors 1, leave mortar gaps between their surfaces 22, 23, 24 and 25.

Fig. 8 illustrates the composite wall and the offset of the bricks 21 against the box-shaped collector 1 is particularly clear. Here is the base area 17 of the collector 1 offset from the base 23 of the bricks 21 by an amount h.

while the top surface 16 of the collector 1 against the top surface 22 the bricks 21 is offset by a wet h + dh. The wet Lh corresponds to a mortar joint height between superimposed bricks 21. The front surface is the same 18 of the collector 1 by a wet b + ab against the front surface 25 of the bricks 21 offset, while the rear surface 19 of the collector 1 against the rear surface 24 of the two lateral bricks 21 is offset by a wet b. The holes 14 and 15 in the box-shaped collector 1 are on their respective surfaces 16,17,18 and 19 arranged so that - as shown in Fig. 9 - the heat transfer medium through the closely spaced holes 14 and 15 in the box-shaped collectors 1 can circulate in the directions of the arrows.

FIG. 10 shows various embodiments of the collector 1 which is effective box-shaped cavity in a schematic representation with slots 14,15 ir. Its Outer surface. At the side of the box-shaped cavity are holders 111 and / or 112 molded, which are used to attach masonry stones. The openings 14,15 in the form of slots are symmetrical about the central axes of the box-shaped cavity arranged so that the slots 14,15 are arranged one above the other and next to one another Always align components exactly. Is the ratio of slot width to web width sufficiently large, remains even if the neighboring ones are not aligned Collectors with sufficient space for the heat transfer medium to flow through.

Fig. 11 shows a building element in which on a brick 21 laterally two collectors 1 are attached in the form of box-shaped cavities. The planar surfaces of the two collectors 1 have symmetrically arranged openings 14,15 through which the heat transfer medium flows through So that the box-shaped Collectors 1 always come to rest directly on top of one another with their end faces 16, 17 is the Distance h between the end face 16 and the end face 22 of the brick 21 by an amount #h greater than the distance h between the end face 17 and the End face 23. The amount ah corresponds to the width of a mortar joint or Glue joint.

Fig. 12 shows a section from the transition from a collector 1 to an overlying collector 1, with one on each end face 16,17 resilient layer 28, for example a felt layer, is present, which the passage between the openings 15 for the heat transfer medium laterally seals. The end faces 22 and 23 of the bricks 21 of two arranged one above the other Components are spaced apart from one another corresponding to a mortar joint.

Fig. 13 shows another embodiment of the openings 15 of the box-shaped Collectors 1, in which the upper cavity 1 formed with a beaded edge openings 15, while the underlying cavity in its upper end face 16 Has openings 15, which the beaded edge of the openings 15 of the lower end face 17 are adapted. This results in an unproblematic assembly of the components on top of each other. The above applies to the assembly of the components side by side said accordingly. Here, too, the end faces 22 and 23 have the side next to the box-shaped cavities 1 arranged, diametrically offset bricks 21 a mortar joint distance from each other.

The components according to the invention can be of the size known Bricks own or they can be the size of, for example, known in prefabricated houses have large, entire wall, ceiling or roof elements. Instead of the one described Collectors 1 with a cavity can also consist of a solid material that is well permeable to air exist, for example foamed Sehla n or pumice concrete or bonded and solidified I: dserstoLLen (similar to "Heraklith"), with the circulation of the heat transfer medium 1-ligcl-rncdiunls appropriately sized fans are to be used.

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Claims (17)

PATENT CLAIMS: 1. Device for temperature control of a building, with which an increase in the degree of utilization of an energy source is given, which from Components is constructed; a heat transfer medium circulates in the cavity, d a d u r c h e k e n n n z e i c h n e t that the cavity (1) of the structural elements the heat transfer medium flowing through the amount of heat transmitted through the masonry (21) for the most part absorbs and stores and only a small part through the masonry is irreversibly transmitted, and that the heat transfer medium through a collecting channel (4) led to a heat exchanger and used in this for room temperature control is and the cooled heat transfer medium through a second collecting channel (3) again flows back into the cavity of the components acting as a collector (1). 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat transfer medium Air or water is used, which acts as a collector cavities in the components flows through at a defined speed. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the heat exchanger acted upon by the heat transfer medium so dimensioned is that the components are fed back into a circuit after the heat exchanger Heat transfer medium has a relatively low temperature. 4. Apparatus according to claim ~ 3, characterized in that the in The heat transfer medium circulating in the building elements at increased outside temperature as well can gain heat from the free environment. 5. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the in The heat transfer medium circulating in the building elements at summer outside temperatures give off its excess heat via the heat exchanger to a domestic hot water storage tank can, so that there is a cooling effect. 6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that the walls (21-), ceilings, floors and / or the roof surfaces of a building with Air flow components are equipped, and that in particular the window and outer doors have slots on their outer edges through which the exiting there Amount of heat is supplied to the circulating air as a heat transfer medium. 7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that that the components on their inside and / or on their outside and / or have in their central area an effective collector cavity from the Heat transfer medium is flowed through. 8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that that the collector (1) of a component is available as rolled goods or as sheet goods or from a very porous artificial stone in the form of lightweight concrete or pumice concrete. 9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that that the collector (1) of a component has a box-shaped cavity with symmetrical arranged holes (14,15) in its lateral surface. 10. Component for use in a device according to one of the Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the box-shaped, as a collector (1) acting cavity with diagonally offset arranged bricks (21) firmly connected forms a unit. 11. The component according to claim 10, characterized in that on one Side or on both sides of the box-shaped cavity (1) Bricks (21) are arranged. 12. Component according to Anspruc'l 'C, characterized in that a Brick (21) has a box-shaped collector (1) on two sides. 13. Component according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that that the box-shaped cavity (1) has a white inner surface (11) and a black Has outer surface (12). 14. Bauelemert according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that that the cavity of the box-shaped collector (1) meander-shaped by webs (13) is divided. 15. Component according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that that the outer surface of the box-shaped collector (1) between the holes (14,15) is covered with an elastic press lining (28). 16. Component according to one of claims 10 to 15, characterized in that that the holes (15) in the base (17) of the box-shaped collector (1) a Have flare and the aligned holes (15) in the opposite The base surface (15) has a flat design without any flanging are. 17. Component according to one of claims 10 to 16, characterized in that that the box-shaped collector (1) on two mutually perpendicular surfaces (16,18) protrudes over the lateral bricks (21) by a joint width when he set back on the other two surfaces (17, 19) against the bricks (21) is.