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DE3038445A1 - Pressure wave generator for diagnosis and therapy - has spark gap in inflatable balloon at end of catheter - Google Patents

Pressure wave generator for diagnosis and therapy - has spark gap in inflatable balloon at end of catheter

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Publication number
DE3038445A1
DE3038445A1 DE19803038445 DE3038445A DE3038445A1 DE 3038445 A1 DE3038445 A1 DE 3038445A1 DE 19803038445 DE19803038445 DE 19803038445 DE 3038445 A DE3038445 A DE 3038445A DE 3038445 A1 DE3038445 A1 DE 3038445A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
spark gap
catheter
wave generator
balloon
pressure wave
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Granted
Application number
DE19803038445
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German (de)
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DE3038445C2 (en
Inventor
Rainer 7778 Markdorf Willneff
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Dornier GmbH
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Dornier GmbH
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Priority to DE19803038445 priority Critical patent/DE3038445A1/en
Publication of DE3038445A1 publication Critical patent/DE3038445A1/en
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Publication of DE3038445C2 publication Critical patent/DE3038445C2/de
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
    • A61B17/22004—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves
    • A61B17/22012—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves in direct contact with, or very close to, the obstruction or concrement
    • A61B17/22022—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves in direct contact with, or very close to, the obstruction or concrement using electric discharge
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2017/22051—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for with an inflatable part, e.g. balloon, for positioning, blocking, or immobilisation
    • A61B2017/22062—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for with an inflatable part, e.g. balloon, for positioning, blocking, or immobilisation to be filled with liquid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/39—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
    • A61B2090/3937—Visible markers

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)

Abstract

The pressure wave generator employs a spark gap at the end of a catheter which may be introduced into the oesophagus of a reclining patient to stimulate the heart or into the urinary tract in order to break up kidney stones. At the front end of a catheter (12) is an inflatable balloon (18) which contains a spark gap (16). Fluid from a reservoir (14) is circulated by a pump (28) to inflate the balloon when in situ and to remove gases from the spark gap.

Description

Stoßwellengenerator für medizinische AnwendungsfälleShock wave generator for medical applications

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Stoßwellengenerator für medizinische Anwendungsfälle mit einer Funkenstrecke, die sich innerhalb eines Gehäuses befindet.The invention relates to a shock wave generator for medical use Applications with a spark gap that is located within a housing.

Aus der DE-PS 21 51 247 ist eine Einrichtung zum Zertrümmern von im Körper eines Lebewesens befindlichen Konkrementen mit einer Fokussierungskammer bekannt, wobei die Fokussierungskammer ein Teil eines Rotationsellipsoids ist und in deren einem Brennpunkt Stoßwellen durch Funkenentladung erzeugbar sind. Die Fokussierungskammer ist mittels einer elastischen Membran verschlossen und die Membran wird luftspaltlos am Körper in der Weise angelegt, daß sich das zu zertrümmernde Konkrement im zweiten Brennpunkt befindet. Die Einrichtung dient beispielsweise der Zerstörung von Nierensteinen ohne jeglichen operativen Eingriff. Der Nierenstein wird mittels eine Röntgenbildes in seiner Grösse und seiner Lage im Körper des Patienten lokalisiert. Dann wird der Stein mittels dosierbarer und fokussierter Stoßwellen beaufschlagt, so daß er zu einem feinen Grieß zerfällt, der leicht auf natürliche Weise herausgeschwemmt wird. Der Einrichtung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, daß Stoßwellen an Material mit geringer Zugfestigkeit immer dann einen Abplatz- oder Zerstörungseffekt verursachen, wenn ein Übergang von einem Medium mit hohem zu einem Medium mit niedrigem Schallwellenwiderstand vorliegt.From DE-PS 21 51 247 a device for smashing im Concrements located in the body of a living being with a focusing chamber known, wherein the focusing chamber is part of an ellipsoid of revolution and at one focal point shock waves can be generated by spark discharge. The focusing chamber is closed by means of an elastic membrane and the membrane has no air gap applied to the body in such a way that the stone to be smashed is in the second Focal point. The facility is used, for example, to destroy kidney stones without any surgical intervention. The kidney stone is determined by means of an X-ray localized in its size and its position in the patient's body. Then it will be the stone is acted upon by means of adjustable and focused shock waves, so that it disintegrates into a fine semolina that is easily natural way is washed out. The device is based on the knowledge that shock waves on material with low tensile strength there is always a chipping or destructive effect cause when a transition from a medium with high to a medium with low There is acoustic wave resistance.

Es war nun herausgefunden worden, daß der Schallwellenwiderstand des menschlichen oder tierischen Gewebes ungefähr dem Schallwellenwiderstand des Wassers entspricht und sich der Schallwellenwiderstand der Konkremente davon erheblich unterscheidet. Es konnte auch nachgewiesen werden, daß Stoßwellen andere Körperteile des menschlichen Körpers nicht in Mitleidenschaft ziehen und daß die Knochen des menschlichen Körpers wegen ihrer hohen Zugfestigkeit und der Kürze des Impulses nicht beschädigt werden. Die Zerstörung von Konkrementen ist dabei abhängig von der Flankensteilheit des Druckanstieges der Stoßwellen. Die Grösse der abplatzenden Teile hingegen wird von der Dauer des Stoßwellenimpulses bestimmt. Um ein grosses Konkrement zu zerstören, kann es vorteilhaft sein, einen ersten Impuls längerer Dauer einzusetzen, damit das Konkrement in grössere Stücke zerbricht. Anschließend kann mit sehr kurzzeitigen Impulsen die Zerkleinerung in Bruchstücke erfolgen, die auf natürlichem Wege durch die Harnleiter ausgespült werden können.It had now been found that the acoustic wave resistance of the human or animal tissue approximately equal to the acoustic wave resistance of the water and the acoustic wave resistance of the calculus differs significantly from it. It has also been shown that shock waves affect other parts of the human body Body does not affect and that the bones of the human body cannot be damaged because of their high tensile strength and the shortness of the impulse. The destruction of calculus depends on the steepness of the flank Increase in pressure of the shock waves. The size of the flaking parts, on the other hand, is determined by the duration of the shock wave pulse is determined. To destroy a large stone it can be advantageous to use a first pulse of longer duration so that the concrement breaks into larger pieces. It can then be used for very short periods of time Pulses the crushing into fragments take place naturally through the ureters can be flushed out.

Aus der DE-PS 24 18 631 ist ein von außen anwendbarer Herzstimulator bekannt, der aus einem in Längsschnitt ellipsenförmigen Koppelgerät besteht, las auf die Oberfläche des Körpers eines Patienten im Herzbereich luftspaltlos aufsetzbar ist und bei dem in einem Brennpunkt des Koppelgeräts ein punktförmiger Druckwellengenerator in Form einer Funkenstrecke vorhanden ist.From DE-PS 24 18 631 an externally applicable cardiac stimulator is known, which consists of a coupling device elliptical in longitudinal section, read on the surface of the body of a patient in the heart area without air gaps can be placed and in which a point-shaped in a focal point of the coupling device Pressure wave generator is present in the form of a spark gap.

Dieser Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Gerät zur Herz stimulation von aussen auf unblutigem Wege durch den Brustkorb hindurch zu schaffen, das insbesondere in der Notfallmedizin verwendbar ist. Angeregt werden soll die elektrisch und mechanisch stillstehende oder zu langsam schlagende Herzkammer (sogenannte Asystolie). Die vom Druckwellengenerator ausgehenden Druckwellen üben bei diesem Gerät mechanische Reize auf die Kammerwand des Herzens aus, die zu einer Herzstimulation führen. Mittels des Druckwellengenerators können Impulse ohne Gefahr für Patienten und Personal periodisch erzeugt werden, bis entweder die Herztätigkeit spontan aufrechterhalten wird oder die Maßnahmen zur Stimulation mit einem künstlichen Schrittmacher ergriffen werden können.This invention is based on the object of a device for heart stimulation to create from the outside in a bloodless way through the chest, in particular can be used in emergency medicine. The should be stimulated electrically and mechanically The heart chamber is stationary or beating too slowly (so-called asystole). the Pressure waves emanating from the pressure wave generator practice mechanical with this device Stimulate the ventricular wall of the heart, which leads to cardiac stimulation. Means of the pressure wave generator can generate impulses without endangering patients and staff generated periodically until either the heart is spontaneously sustained or the stimulation measures with an artificial pacemaker are taken can be.

Bekannt ist weiter aus der DE-PS 12 18 112 eine Vorrichtung zum Entfernen von Konkrementen aus Harnwegen mittels einer einführbaren, elektrodentragenden und mit einer elektrischen Energiequelle verbundenen elastischen Sonde. Stoßwellenkatheter dieser Art sind prinzipiell funktionstüchtig, haben aber den schwerwiegenden Fehler der offenen Funkenstrecke, wodurch es häufig zu mechanischen Zerstörungen und Verbrennungen der Blaseninnenschichten kam.Also known from DE-PS 12 18 112 is a device for removing of concretions from urinary tract by means of an insertable, electrode-carrying and elastic probe connected to a source of electrical energy. Shock wave catheter of this type are basically functional, but have a fatal error the open spark gap, which often leads to mechanical damage and burns the bladder inner layers came.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Stoßwellengenerator für diagnostische oder therapeutische Anwendungsfälle zu schaffen, der durch Körperöffnungen einführbar ist und in Nähe des mit Stoßwellen zu beaufschlagenden Körperteils oder Konkrements bringbar ist und gleichwohl die Funkenstrecke das Körpergewebe nicht berührt und auch von diesem elektrisch isolierbar ist.The invention is based on the object of a shock wave generator for diagnostic or therapeutic applications to create through body orifices is insertable and in the vicinity of the body part to be acted upon by shock waves or Concrements can be brought about and, nevertheless, the spark gap does not affect the body tissue touched and can also be electrically isolated from this.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß sich die Funkenstrecke in einem Ballon befindet, der am Ende eines Katheters angeordnet ist und der Katheter in Körperhöhlen einführbar ist, wobei der Ballon am Ort der Applikation von Stoßwellen mittels einer Flüssigkeit aufgeweitet wird.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the spark gap located in a balloon which is arranged at the end of a catheter and the catheter can be introduced into body cavities, the balloon at the point of application of shock waves is expanded by means of a liquid.

Erfindungsgemäß ist es weiter vorteilhaft, wenn die Funkenstrecke sich in einem Reflektor innerhalb des Ballons befindet und der Reflektor zentrierbar ist.According to the invention, it is also advantageous if the spark gap is located in a reflector inside the balloon and the reflector can be centered is.

Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Innenseite und/oder die Außenseite des Ballons zumindest teilweise elektrisch leitend beschichtet und mit der Abschirmung des Katheters verbunden.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is the inside and / or the outside of the balloon at least partially electrically Conductively coated and connected to the shield of the catheter.

Wie bereits erwähnt kam es bei den bisher verwendeten Stoßwellenkathetern, die prinzipiell funktionstüchtig sind, wegen der offenen, unzentrierten Funkenstrecke häufig zu mechanischen Zerstörungen oder Verbrennungen des Gewebes, Dieser Nachteil wird beim Gegenstand der Erfindung durch die Zentrierung der Funkenstrecke innerhalb des aufgeweiteten Ballon vermieden. Um elektrische Auswirkungen der Entladung der Funkenstrecke des Stoßwellengenerators zu vermeiden, ist die Innenseite des Ballons elektrisch leitend und mit der Abschirmung des Katheters verbunden.As already mentioned, the shock wave catheters used up to now which are basically functional because of the open, uncentered spark gap often to mechanical destruction or burns of the tissue, this disadvantage is in the subject matter of the invention by centering the spark gap within of the inflated balloon avoided. About electrical effects To avoid the discharge of the spark gap of the shock wave generator is the inside of the balloon electrically conductive and connected to the shield of the catheter.

Eine weitere Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Stoßwellengenerators ist die Verwendung als Herzstimulator zur temporären Versorgung bei Ausfall des natürlichen oder eines künstlichen Schrittmachers dar. Der Stoßwellengenerator wird zur Stimulation des Herzens an der Spitze eines Katheters in die Speiseröhre eingeführt. Die gerichteten, in natürlicher Schlagfrequenz abgegebenen Stoßwellenpulse erreichen von der Speiseröhre aus unmittelbar das Herz und lösen Herzaktionen aus.Another application of the shock wave generator according to the invention is the use as a heart stimulator for temporary supply in the event of failure of the natural or artificial pacemaker. The shock wave generator is inserted into the esophagus at the tip of a catheter to stimulate the heart. Reach the directed shock wave pulses emitted at the natural beat frequency from the esophagus directly the heart and trigger cardiac actions.

Die bekannte Anwendung der transthorakalen elektrischen Stimulation des Herzens hat eine geringe Effizienz und eine Reihe bekannter Nebenwirkungen, z.B. schmerzhafte Brustwandmuskelkontraktionen.The well-known application of transthoracic electrical stimulation of the heart is poorly efficient and has a number of known side effects, e.g. painful chest wall muscle contractions.

Die ebenfalls bekannte Stimulation mittels eines Elektrokatheters, das transvenös nach perkutaner Punktion zur-rechten Kammer vorgeschoben wird und dort intraventrikulär Systolen auslöst, eine Tachykardie oder Kammerflimmern unterbricht, funktioniert zuverlässig, erfordert zur Kontrolle der Positionierung der Katheterspitze jedoch ein Röntgengerät und ist dadurch für eine Notfallsituation wenig geeignet.The well-known stimulation by means of an electrocatheter, which is advanced transvenously after percutaneous puncture to the right ventricle and triggers intraventricular systoles there, interrupts tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, works reliably, requires to control the positioning of the catheter tip however, an X-ray machine and is therefore not very suitable for an emergency situation.

Die bekannte Stimulation durch Einstichelektroden kann zwar schnelle Hilfe bringen, ist aber mit einer Reihe von Komplikationsmöglichkeiten behaftet, z.B. die Verletzung des Peri-, Epi- und Myokards.The well-known stimulation by puncture electrodes can be fast Bringing help, but is fraught with a number of complications, e.g. injury to the peri-, epi- and myocardium.

Die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung, die an der Spitze eines Katheters in die Speiseröhre eingeführt wird, stimuliert das Herz unmittelbar durch nach vorn gerichtete Pulse. Eine Rückenlage des Patienten trägt zur guten mechanischen Ankoppelung bei, da sich das Herz in dieser Position der Speiseröhre nähert Die Stimulation durch die präkardialen Strukturen erfordert Pulsenergien von 0,04 - 1,5 Joule.The device according to the invention, which is at the tip of a catheter is inserted into the esophagus, stimulates the heart immediately by moving forward directed pulses. A supine position of the patient contributes to the good mechanical coupling at, as the heart approaches the esophagus in this position The stimulation Due to the precardial structures, pulse energies of 0.04 - 1.5 joules are required.

Die unmittelbare Nähe von Herz und Speiseröhre erlaubt eine beträchtliche Reduktion der Pulsenergie, so daß die Gefahr eines traumatischen Geschehens vermieden wird. Die sichere Ankoppelung des Stoßwellengenerators an die Speiseröhre wird erfindungsgemäß durch einen Ballon an der Spitze des Katheters erzielt, in dessen Zentrum sich die Funkenstrecke befindet.The close proximity of the heart and esophagus allows a considerable Reduction of the pulse energy so that the risk of a traumatic event is avoided will. The secure coupling of the shock wave generator to the esophagus is according to the invention achieved by a balloon at the tip of the catheter, in the center of which the Spark gap is located.

Der Ballon wird nach dem Einführen und Positionieeren des Katheters durch eine Flüssigkeit aufgeweitet und zur Anlage gebracht. Eine elektrische Entladung über die Funkenstrecke erzeugt in der Flüssigkeit eine Stoßwelle, die ditr Wandung des Ballons und der Speiseröhre durchläuft und direkt auf das Herz trifft, wodurch z.B. bei Herzstillstand eine Herzaktion ausgelöst wird.The balloon is after inserting and positioning the catheter expanded by a liquid and brought to bear. An electrical discharge A shock wave, the ditr wall, is generated in the liquid via the spark gap of the balloon and esophagus and hits the heart directly, causing E.g. a cardiac action is triggered in the event of cardiac arrest.

Die Stimulation, die zur Erzielung der gewünschten Schlagfrequenz erforderlich ist, kann entsprechend der Situation des Patienten über den Vorhof oder die Herzkammer erfolgen.The stimulation necessary to achieve the desired beat frequency may be required according to the situation of the patient take place via the atrium or the ventricle.

Sie kann sowohl festfrequent wie nach dem "Demand"-Prinzip arbeiten.It can work both at a fixed frequency and according to the "demand" principle.

Die möglichen Indikationen zur mechanischen Herz stimulation sind nach 1. Kardiale Notfälle - Adams-Stokes-Syndrom - Reanimation - Tachykardien 2. Prophylaktische Anwendung - Schrittmacherwechsel - Bradykardien nach Elektrokardioversion 3. Hämodynamische Untersuchungen - Koronare Herzkrankheit - Ididpathische hypertrophische Subaortenstenose 4. Elektrolphysiologische Untersuchungen - Initiierung und Terminierung von Tachykardien - Bestimmung der Sinusknotenerholungszeit - Erkennung von Patienten mit Gefahr des plötzlichen Herztodes - Erkennung einer latenten Überdigitalisierung.The possible indications for mechanical heart stimulation are after 1. Cardiac emergencies - Adams-Stokes syndrome - resuscitation - tachycardias 2. Prophylactic use - pacemaker change - bradycardias after electrocardioversion 3. Hemodynamic examinations - coronary artery disease - ididpathetic hypertrophic Subaortic stenosis 4. Electrophysiological examinations - initiation and termination of tachycardias - determination of sinus node recovery time - detection of patients with the risk of sudden cardiac death - detection of latent overdigitization.

Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels.Further advantages, features and possible uses of the invention result from the following description of an embodiment.

Fig. 1 zeigt die prinzipielle Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Katheters und Fig. 2 und 3 Schnittansichten einer fokussierenden und nichtfokussierenden Funkenstrecke.Fig. 1 shows the basic representation of an inventive Catheter and FIGS. 2 and 3 are sectional views of a focusing and a non-focusing Spark gap.

Der Katheter 2 besteht aus einer Kupplung 4, einer koaxialen, flexiblen Stromzuführung 6, um die Schläuche 8 und 10 herumgelegt sind und einer glatten, elastischen Hülle 12, welche zur Orientierung Längs- und Quermarkierungen (nicht gezeigt) trägt. Eine Flüssigkeitsversorgung 14 dient gleichzeitig der Entgasung einer Funkenstrecke 16 und zur Aufweitung eines Ballons 18. Die mechanische Verbindung 20 von Katheterspitze 22 und Ballon 18 bildet die Zentrierung der Funkenstrecke 16. Ein Flüssigkeitsvorrat befindet sich in einem dichten Gefäß 24, das ein druckgesteuertes Gaspolster 26 enthält. Eine Umlaufpumpe 28 fördert die Flüssigkeit in den Zuleitungsschlauch 8 zur Funkenkammer 16 und transportiert die Flüssigkeit über den Rücklauf 10 in das Gefäß 24. Im Rücklauf befindet sich ein Gasabscheider 30, in dem die bei der Entladung entstehenden Gase aus dem Kreislauf entfernt werden.The catheter 2 consists of a coupling 4, a coaxial, flexible one Power supply 6, around which the hoses 8 and 10 are laid and a smooth, elastic cover 12, which for orientation longitudinal and transverse markings (not shown). A liquid supply 14 also serves for degassing a spark gap 16 and for expanding a balloon 18. The mechanical connection 20 of the catheter tip 22 and balloon 18 forms the centering of the spark gap 16. A liquid supply is located in a tight vessel 24, which is a pressure-controlled Includes gas cushion 26. A circulation pump 28 conveys the liquid into the supply hose 8 to the spark chamber 16 and transports the liquid via the return line 10 in the vessel 24. In the return there is a gas separator 30 in which the Discharge evolving gases are removed from the circuit.

Die elektrische Versorgung der Funkenstrecke 16 erfolgt mittel der Stromzuführung 6. Die Stimulationsfrequenz und die Triggerung derFunkenstrecke 16 wird von Geräten bekannter Bauart gesteuert.The electrical supply of the spark gap 16 takes place by means of the Power supply 6. The stimulation frequency and the triggering of the spark gap 16 is controlled by devices of known design.

Der Ballon 18 besteht aus einem hochflexiblen Material (z. B.The balloon 18 consists of a highly flexible material (e.g.

Polyurethan), seine Wandstärke ist kleiner als ein Millimeter und sein Durchmesser beträgt einige Millimeter.Polyurethane), its wall thickness is less than one millimeter and its diameter is a few millimeters.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine Funkenstrecke 16 in Draufsicht, wobei die Stoß- oder Druckwellen von einer Wandung 34 in der Weise reflektiert werden, daß sie außerhalb des Ballons 18 in einem Brennpunkt 36 zusammentreffen. Durch entsprechende Drehung der Hülle 12 kann somit eine fokussierte Stoßwelle an jeden gewünschten Punkt gebracht werden.Fig. 2 shows a spark gap 16 in plan view, the impact or pressure waves are reflected from a wall 34 in such a way that they are outside of the balloon 18 meet at a focal point 36. By turning it accordingly the shell 12 can thus bring a focused shock wave to any desired point will.

Beim Gegenstand von Fig. 3 findet keine Zentrierung statt; hier tritt die Stoß- oder Druckwelle frei durch ein Fenster 38 aus.In the subject of FIG. 3, there is no centering; here occurs the shock or pressure wave freely through a window 38.

Claims (3)

Patentansprüche: Stoßwellengnerator für medizinische Anwendungsfälle mit einer Funkenstrecke, die sich innerhalb eines Gehäuses befindet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gehäuse ein Ballon (18) ist, der sich am Ende eines Katheters (2) befindet, der in Körperhöhlen einführbar ist, und daß der in eine Körperhöhle eingeführte Ballon (18) mittels einer Flüssigkeit aufweitbar ist. Claims: Shock wave generator for medical applications with a spark gap which is located within a housing, characterized in that, that the housing is a balloon (18) which is located at the end of a catheter (2), which is insertable into body cavities, and that which is inserted into a body cavity The balloon (18) can be expanded by means of a liquid. 2. Stoßwellengenerator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Funkenstrecke (16) sich in einemReflektor innerhalb des Ballons (18) befindet und zentrierbar ist. 2. Shock wave generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the spark gap (16) is in a reflector within the balloon (18) and can be centered. 3. Stoßwellengenerator nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Innenseite und/oder Außenseite des Ballons (18) zumindest teilweise elektrisch leitend beschichtet ist und mit der Abschirmung des Katheters in Verbindung steht. 3. Shock wave generator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that the inside and / or outside of the balloon (18) is at least partially electrical is conductively coated and is connected to the shield of the catheter.
DE19803038445 1980-10-11 1980-10-11 Pressure wave generator for diagnosis and therapy - has spark gap in inflatable balloon at end of catheter Granted DE3038445A1 (en)

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DE19803038445 DE3038445A1 (en) 1980-10-11 1980-10-11 Pressure wave generator for diagnosis and therapy - has spark gap in inflatable balloon at end of catheter

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DE19803038445 DE3038445A1 (en) 1980-10-11 1980-10-11 Pressure wave generator for diagnosis and therapy - has spark gap in inflatable balloon at end of catheter

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DE3038445A1 true DE3038445A1 (en) 1982-05-27
DE3038445C2 DE3038445C2 (en) 1990-06-21

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Cited By (96)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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