DE3036334C2 - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Heat transfer device for the transfer of heat between two flowing media which are separated from each other by heat transfer surfaces, in which the heat transfer surfaces are formed as at least two tubes (2) arranged in a tubular jacket (1) and through each of these tubes there extends at least one conduit tube (3) such that a clearance space (13) is formed between each conduit tube and the inner wall surface of the associated tube, and in which both the tubular jacket and also the conduit tubes are connected to each other by way of a distributing chamber (10) for a first medium on the one hand and a collector (15) for the first medium on the other hand, said distributing chamber and collector being separated respectively from a distributing chamber (5a) and collecting chamber (5) for a second medium connecting the tubes and the clearance spaces to each other, characterised in that the tubular jacket (1) and the tubes (2) which are arranged therein and which each surround a conduit tube (3) each have a rectangular cross-section and each conduit tube (3) has a circular cross-section, and, both in the clearance space (30) formed between the outer wall surfaces of the tubes (2) and also in the clearance space (14) formed between the outer wall surfaces of the tubes (2) and the inner wall surface of the tubular jacket (1), there are arranged flow-guiding devices (12) in the form of meander wires having a thickness corresponding to the effective width of the clearance spaces (14, 30).

Description

achieved: through the choice of cross-section of the

60 th pipes it is possible to use the crevices formed to be provided with a completely constant cross-section. There-

The invention relates to a heat transfer, the basic advantage is achieved that the

ger for the transfer of heat between flowing flow conditions in all crevices formed in this way

Media that are constant from each other due to heat transfer surfaces, and this with the best possible

are separated from each other, in which the heat transfer 65 space utilization within the formed overall

areas arranged as at least two in a casing pipe. Due to the constant cross-section,

arranged tubes are formed and each of which is essential in such heat exchangers

of these tubes at least one guide tube extends in such a way that pressure losses are kept to a minimum. the

§ 3 4

ft ensures a rectangular, preferably square cross-section In addition, the pipes support each other

shape of the jacket tube and the raw tig arranged therein via the baffles, so that in this way a

re leads in connection with the honeycomb construction created by the gap spaces This has at low

guided meander wires to a complete and wall thickness of the individual tubes a high total finished

secure support of these pipes with each other, which is 5 speed. The heat exchanger can therefore at high

at the significant pressure differences that occur, the pressure level can be used without affecting his

is of essential importance At the same time produce the training high-strength materials are necessary,

in the gap cross-sections that remain the same. The invention is illustrated in an exemplary embodiment in

ordered meander wires a flow guide, which the following description based on the drawing

leads to an automatic turbulence, so that the explained for the io shows in the drawing

Heat transfer disadvantageous laminar flow- F i g. 1 longitudinal section of a heat exchanger,

gen, as they are still with the known heat exchangers A heat exchanger consists essentially of

occur safely and completely avoided. In one jacket tube 1, tubes 2 and guide tubes 3. The

The overall result is a safer, more uniform and best possible casing pipe 1 has a square cross-section

rather heat transfer achieved.

A combination of tubes and guide tubes is the tube 2, which is also square

possible, the tubes can have a square cross-section and cross-section, so that four tubes 2 on the

the guide tubes enclosed by them are distributed with a round, ins- cross-section of the jacket tube 1,

special circular cross-section to be provided. The tubes 2 extend parallel to them

This leads to a significant improvement in the guide tubes 3. These have only an insignificant flow characteristic for the further transmission, smaller cross-section than the tubes 2. The guide tubes 3 are medium. In the space between each round guide tube are provided with outer surfaces, between which and and the square tube zones are formed with opposite inner surfaces of the guide tubes 3 below them (The outer wall of the small flow cross-section has a guide tube opposite the respective side wall of the jacket tube 1 is closed at its two ends with a tube that closes) faster cooling covers 8,8a. These covers 8, Sb limit and thus a compression of the mezen there on their inner sides facing the tubes 2, in the case of a gas and, in the extreme case, to the vestibules 7, 7a into which the guide tubes 3 open. In BeCondensation. Since the zones are in the respective corner transverse region of the mouths of the guide tubes 3, these are connected to one another through intersections between the outer tube and the um-tube sheet 6, 6a. This closed tube, round guide tube, delimit a much larger base 6, 6a on which the covers 8, 8a have an opposing heat transfer path, the anteriors 7, 7a come through the opposite side. Already slight temperature differences to the wanted The anteroom 7, Ta are connected via inlet openings 20, turbulence and fluidized bed formations, which in turn 35 21 with inlet connections 11, 11a. Avoid a laminar flow in this one and, in turn, the connecting piece 11, 11a occurs depending on the respective intended use of the exchange surface, since a circuit of a medium in the heat exchanger results in a better distribution of the medium flow. or off. The fluid entering through the inlet connection 11 is a significant advantage for evaporation and condensation processes, and flows through the inlet opening 20 into the front of the pipes. A total of 40 space 7, flows through the interiors of the guide tubes 3, thus forming the overall structure and the overall radio system collects in the anteroom 7a and exits via the inlet station of the heat exchanger, opening 21 through the outlet connection 11a, in a significantly improved manner.

In another known embodiment of the tube sheet 6,6a limit on their the supply heat exchanger (DE-PS 8 14 159) are in principle men 7, 7a facing away from a distributor chamber already meandering flow guides shown 45 mer 5a or collector chamber 5. This distributor chamber and described. However, these are in the structure and in particular 5a or collector chamber 5 is on their side facing away from the tube, in particular in the effect on the exchanger function with the bottom 6,6a of orifices 22,23 the described arrangement and function of the meander, which cannot be compared by flanging that of the distributor earth wires according to the invention. Through the end facing chamber 5a or collector chamber 5, the already described support of the tubes among one another 50 the 24, 25 of the tubes 2 is created. These ends 24, 25 others in the heat exchanger according to the invention are connected to one another via weld seams 4. Ever a type of honeycomb construction is achieved with the low quality of the material acting on the tubes 2 Given the wall thicknesses of the pipes used, a high medium, all other connection possibilities can also result in total strength, so that the thermal properties of the ends 24, 25 are used, for example, the transfer according to the invention at a high pressure level 55 with adhesive connections. In addition, they can be used without the need for high-strength materials 24, 25 also on their materials facing the jacket tube 1. th sides connected to this via welds 4.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention can also use other connection options

application are identified in the subclaims.

According to a preferred embodiment, the distribution chamber 5a or collector chamber 5 is 60 According to the invention, flow-guiding devices extend via openings 26, 27 connected to outlet nozzles 9 or rings in a crevice nozzle 9a arranged between the pipes. Through these openings 26, space. Through the installation, which is easy due to the conception, a medium striking the guide tubes 3 on their outer sides under pressure from so-called baffles in the liquid space passes. This medium flows nen with little manufacturing effort flow effects 65 duich gap spaces 13, so that it is with regard to the te are generated. This makes it possible for the liquid small cross-section of these gap spaces 13 to be achieved in a way through the heat exchanger ne relatively high passage speed, The inlet connector 22 or outlet connector 11a is a very favorable heat transfer

Via distribution spaces 10, 15, in addition to the inlet openings 20, 21, also with further inlet openings 28, 29, which are arranged in the jacket tube 1. Through these inlet openings 28, 29 can flowing through the inlet nozzle 11 or the outlet nozzle 11a, the outflowing medium can enter into or out of an interior space 30 formed by the casing tube 1. This interior space 30 is traversed by the tubes 2, so that only gaps 14 remain of it, through which the medium flowing through the nozzle 11, 11a passes. This medium occurs through the Inlet openings 28, flows through the gap spaces 14 and unites via the outlet openings 29 the medium exiting from the vestibules 7,7a in the area of the distribution spaces 10,15.

The gap spaces 14 are traversed by flow-guiding devices 12. These can be Mäatiderwires act, the diameter of which is approximately corresponds to the clear width of the gap spaces 14. In this way it is achieved that the tubes 2 are mutually exclusive support each other. In addition, the flow-guiding devices 12 provide a support of the tubes 2 brought about relative to the jacket tube 1. The laying of the flow-guiding device happens in the way that proves to be most favorable for the respective heat transfer purpose. For example, it is conceivable to wind the meander wires spirally around the tubes 2, so that opposite the medium passing through the guide tubes 3 is a cross or cross flow of the through the jacket tube 1 penetrating medium is achieved. Except for this relocation of the flow-guiding device can also be thought of any other type of attachment, so that any type of mutual Flow conditions in the heat exchanger can be realized.

In addition to the arrangement of four pipes 2 in the jacket pipe 1, any other arrangement of pipes 2 can also be used be made in the jacket pipe 1. It essentially depends on the fact that appropriate Choice of cross-sections of both the jacket tube J and the tube 2 and the guide tubes 3, the respective Gaps are provided with such a narrow passage cross-section that the penetrating through them Media receive a passage speed necessary for optimal heat transfer. That's the way it is for example conceivable in a jacket tube 1 with a square cross-section also to be dimensioned accordingly To arrange tubes 2 in a number that corresponds to the square wire number of the basic numbers, but it is also possible to give the jacket pipe 1 a rectangular cross section with a corresponding number of pipes 2. In any case, the dimensioning of the jacket tube 1 as well as the tube 2 and the guide tubes will be 3 then have to be guided by the dimensions in which the corresponding tubes are cheap, for example as semi-finished products can be obtained.

The heat exchanger works as follows: A medium, for example, passes through the inlet connection 11 Cooling water both in the anteroom 7 and in the interior 30. It is distributed over the interior spaces the guide tubes 3 and is at the same time by the flow-guiding devices 12 on the outer walls of the tubes 2 bypassed This pouring out through the interior 30 of the heat exchanger Medium portion enters through the outlet opening 29 in the distribution chamber 15 and is from this in the direction forwarded to the outlet opening 11a The through The portion of the medium passing through the guide tubes 3 collects in the anteroom 7a and enters through the opening 21 the distributor space 15 and is also discharged through the outlet opening 11a.

In contrast, the other medium, for example hot gas through the inlet opening 9a in the Distribution chamber 5a initiated. The medium is distributed over the gap spaces 13 and rises in the longitudinal direction of the tubes 2 in the direction of the collector chamber 5.

ίο It then occurs through the openings 26 in the direction the outlet nozzle 9 from.

Instead of the distribution of liquids described here or gaseous media can also have other media constellations through the heat exchanger be passed through. In addition, it is also conceivable to adhere to other directions of flow. So is it z. B. conceivable, the inlet or outlet nozzle 11, 11a and the outlet or inlet nozzle 9, 9a switch so that the media act either in countercurrent or in cocurrent. So far Gas is used, it is certainly expedient to feed this through the inlet connection 9a into the gap spaces 13 to initiate.

Based on the construction just described, it can be seen that the necessary for plate heat exchangers complex and heavy corset constructions are superfluous in the subject matter of the invention are. The fastening of tube bundles in perforated bases, for example by rolling in or soldering or welding not applicable. Two-pipe systems are known in which one pipe runs in another but these mostly have very small passage cross-sections and thus high pressure losses occur when flowing through this heat exchanger.

In addition, material constrictions can occur in the manufacture of such two-pipe systems, which have to be turned off by the fact that corresponding expensive materials of z. T. large wall thicknesses Find use. In this way, 1.6 times the amount of material used must be calculated for those pipes that are contaminated by the refrigerant. After all, such two-pipe systems have poor fluid and / or gas distribution. They can therefore not be operated optimally.

These disadvantages are eliminated with the heat exchanger according to the invention Evaporator as well as a condenser can be used. If it is used as an evaporator, it is available as a Partial pipe apparatus has an optimal gas distribution and works due to its design features' · like z. B. in the antechambers 7, 7a also in the over-aligned Operation of the distributor with evenly distributed pressure losses. In contrast, it is used as a capacitor are used, all surfaces involved in the heat transfer are carried out through uniform evaporation and condensate drain on the hot gas side evenly pressurized and exploited The pressurization this heat-transferring surface is due to the structural arrangement of the parallel-connected Fluid paths are arithmetically uniform.

In its conception, it works like a multi-plate heat exchanger, since the heat is always transferred from one gas path to two parallel liquid paths.
By simply joining the tubes 2 and

When they are welded, impairment of strength is eliminated. The compact design of the heat-transferring surfaces enables installation in machines in the smallest of spaces.

Since there is a purely welded construction, there is corrosion damage from the oil-contaminated gas side not to fear. However, these must be accepted in the case of silver solders with a high phosphorus content. In addition, any manufacturing leaks that may still occur are due to simple re-welding inexpensive to fix.

Compared to conventional constructions, pressure losses are very small, as the path lengths in parallel operation are very short operate. The heat exchanger is also used in a variety of applications usable as it can be used as a countercurrent, direct current, cross-current or cross-flow transmitter Can be found.

1 sheet of drawings

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Claims (6)

1 2 that between each guide tube and the inner wall claims: the associated tube a gap is formed, and in which both the jacket tube and the guide tubes 1. Heat exchanger for the transfer of heat via a distributor space on the one hand and one. Collector between flowing media that are connected to one another by heat 5 on the other hand for a first medium are separated from each other, in which are each of one the tubes and the gap dem the heat transfer surfaces as at least spaces interconnecting distribution chamber two tubes arranged in a jacket tube separate from or collector chamber for a second medium are formed and we are through each of these tubes. At least one guide tube extends in such a way that between io In a known heat exchanger of this type each guide tube and the inner wall of the associated (FR-PS 6 03 110) have all the tubes used rigen tube a gap is formed, and in the exclusively circular cross-section, so that both the jacket tube and the guide tubes above each other within a cylindrical jacket tube a bundle a distributor space on the one hand and a collector del from the remaining, likewise cylindrical pipes on the other hand, for a first medium stretched together as a result of this exclusive use are bound, each of the tubes and tubes of circular cross-section result Distributors connecting gap spaces - extraordinarily different passage cross-sections chamber or collector chamber for a second measurement for the heat exchanger medium, so that completely un- medium are separated, characterized by uniform and above all uncontrollable currents net that the jacket tube (1) and the conditions arranged therein prevail, in particular in the neten, in each case a guide tube (3) enclosing the raw edge area in the vicinity of the cylindrical casing re (2) have a rectangular cross-section and so-pipe. As a result of the need for a large number of probably in the one between the outer walls of the small interlinking points, one of these Pipes (2) formed gap space (30) as well as in the heat exchanger-like makes production difficult and between the outer walls of the tubes (2) and 25 costly. The same also applies to a the inner walls of the jacket tube (1) formed known heat exchangers of similar design (FR- th gap (14) flow-guiding device- PS 7 25 413). gene (12) arranged in the form of meander wires The invention is based on the object in a are, the thickness of which corresponds to the clear width of the gap heat exchangers of the type specified above (14.30) corresponds to 30 a special design of the tubes used 2. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized on the part and by fluidic measures in characterized in that the jacket tube (1) and the gap spaces formed thereon on the other hand with simpler in arranged, each enclosing a guide tube- manufacturing the flow conditions in all formed the tubes (2) have a square cross-section. Improve and master gap spaces, especially 3. Heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, special 35 such that with favorable use of space characterized in that the meander wires (12) are formed and constant flow cross-sections to generate a spiral flow effect of 90 ° so that pressure losses are significantly reduced and are offset from one another. at the same time the utilization of the exchange areas is improved 4. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1, so as to significantly improve the overall function and effectiveness of the up to 3, characterized in that the distributor 40 heat exchanger,
chamber (Sa ^ and the collector chamber (5) in which this is achieved according to the invention in that casing pipe (1) are arranged and opposite to the casing pipe and the pipe ends (4, 24, 25) arranged therein from the casing pipe cross - Tubes enclosing the guide tube have a rectangular cross-section closing tube sheets (6, 6a) have a limited section and both in the gap formed between the outer walls of the tubes and in the 5. Heat exchanger according to claim 4, characterized in that between the outer walls of the tubes and characterized in that the distribution chamber (5a) and the inner walls of the jacket tube formed the collector chamber (5) through the tube sheet (6, 6a) gap space flow-conducting devices in the form of vestibules (7, 7a), which are arranged with one of meander wires, the thickness of which corresponds to the distributor space (10) and a collector (15) for the clear width of the gap spaces other medium are connected and in which the conduction The pipes joined in this way favor- pipes (3) open. production and, due to their shape, are sufficient 6. Heat exchanger according to claim 5, characterized in stability, high strength requirements. Within the characterized in that the distribution space (10) and the structure can be used inexpensive semi-finished products Collectors (15) each with the gap spaces (14, 30) 55 are. Already the compact intermediate version achieved in terms of design the pipes (2) and the jacket pipe (1) order leads to a large one with a small space requirement are connected. heat-transferring surface: major advantages with regard to the function of the heat transfer