DE3011205A1 - Cavity house wall made of building blocks - has linked connectors protruding from connecting blocks in inner and outer skins - Google Patents

Abstract

The insulation gap between inner and outer shells is spanned by intervening crossarms, in a masonry structure assembled from building blocks, esp. for residential buildings. In the vicinity of the crossarms, there are connecting blocks (16), in both outer (1) and inner (2) shell, with a connecting piece (18) spanning the gap (29). Connecting pieces protruding from the two shells are joined together. Connection blocks may be angular, with one shank in the shell concerned and the other serving as connecting piece; or T-shaped, with stem as connecting piece. The cross arms can prevent displacement between shells.

Description

Description:

The invention relates to an assembled from building blocks Wall construction for buildings, in particular for habitable buildings, with a Outer shell and an inner shell arranged at a distance from the outer shell and with dividers that form the insulating space between the outer shell and the inner shell bridge.

Two-shell walls with an insulating space have the advantage that their heat permeability is very low. With a thickness of the shells of e.g. each 12.5 cm and a width of the insulating space of 12.5 cm, so With a total thickness of the wall of only 37.5 cm, a heat permeability can be achieved that is just as low as the thermal transmittance of a compact wall with a thickness of 100 cm. This very good thermal insulation is based on the insulating space, which strongly hinders the further transport of the heat to the outer shell.

The problem is the relatively large amount of work that is required for the production of double-shell masonry is required. Instead of a thick one Wall that is, two thin walls have to be erected, which are as exactly parallel as possible should run towards each other. For mutual agreement support of thin walls (outer shell and inner shell) it is known to provide intermediate webs, which at certain distances between the outer shell and the inner shell at the same time these bowls are pulled up. For this purpose one uses building blocks, their width is approximately equal to the width of the insulating space. As a connection to the outer shell and the inner shell is only provided with a layer of mortar. Such dividers can prevent the outer shell and inner shell from tilting towards one another, however, it does not mean that the shells are undesirably distant from one another, for example because of Settlement movements in the masonry, since the mortar joints do not transmit any tensile forces that could be used to hold the shells together.

The invention is based on the object of a wall construction initially mentioned type so that the webs between the outer shell and Inner shell also prevent divergence shifts between outer shell and inner shell can.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that in the area the intermediate webs both in the outer shell and in the inner shell connecting stones are arranged which have a connecting part bridging the insulating gap have and that protruding from the outer shell connecting parts with from the inner shell protruding connecting parts are connected.

With a wall construction designed in this way, the connecting webs also absorb tensile forces, since the building blocks are integrated into the shells to be connected are interlocked with each other. As a result, the webs can not only converge of the shells, but also prevent divergence movements. Also making one Such a wall construction is made easier, since maintaining the desired distance continuously and automatically controlled by the ongoing installation of the connecting stones will. This also reduces the workload.

The connecting stones can be angular (claim 2) or T-shaped (Claim 3) be formed. Other forms are conceivable. It is essential that part of the connecting stone is integrated into the associated shell and from a connecting part protrudes from the web, which extends to the adjacent shell.

The connection of the connecting parts to one another is particularly advantageous by engaging a connecting piece in one of openings in the connecting parts formed vertical channel according to claim 4. This creates a very strong connection achieved. But even horizontal mortar joints can transmit considerable tensile forces, which is why for the realization of the inventive concept connecting pieces according to claim 4 are not absolutely necessary. Connecting pieces can be particularly advantageous produce by pouring vertical channels (claim 5). The introduction of reinforcing steel according to claim 6 improves the tensile strength of the web connection further.

The invention is not applicable to dry-laid masonry limited but particularly advantageously applicable to this type of masonry, i. e. in masonry where the building blocks are positively fixed to one another (claim 7).

Advantageous dimensions for the building blocks are in the claims 9 to 11 indicated. The connecting parts naturally have a length that is the same or at least approximately equal to the distance between the shells, e.g. one length of 12.5 cm.

A one-piece construction with rigid masonry is retained one with the construction specified in claim 12, especially if still bar-shaped reinforcing steel according to claim 13 is used. The masonry is then rigid and can also absorb strong earth pressure, so that the wall construction is also suitable for basements. Rigid masonry is particularly important in Connection with spaced connecting webs advantageous because a Diverge or the shells then also converge in the area between the connecting webs is safely prevented. It is particularly advantageous to reinforce the shells according to claim 14 also to continue into the webs.

The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawing. The drawing shows: FIG. 1 in a perspective view (including all others Figures are perspective representations) a wall construction with a corner, Fig. 2 shows the same construction, the outer shell being cut through a vertical plane is shown partially cut in the middle, Fig. 3 is a basic building block for the manufacture of the shells; is used, Fig. 5 a corner building block, Fig. 6 a half basic building block, Fig. 7 a half corner building block, Fig. 8 a part of a wall construction in the stage of stacking without the use of mortar, Fig. 9 shows a part of the wall construction after pouring, with a shell cut open in the middle by a vertical cutting plane and Fig.10 is the end of a wall.

The wall construction has an outer shell 1, an inner shell 2 and Connecting bridges 3. The wall construction is built from stones that are in the Figs. 3 to 7 are shown and should be considered first.

The foundation stone according to Fig. 3 has a length 1 of 25 cm, a width b of 12.5 cm and a height h of 6.5 cm. In the middle of the designated 4 overall Stone is a vertical breakthrough 5, which is approximately square Has cross-section. Recesses 6 and 7 are arranged at the ends, which are dimensioned in this way are that two complementary recesses in turn have a cross section that is the same as the cross section of the opening 5.

The upper horizontal surfaces 8 and 9 lie in one plane, as well the lower horizontal surfaces 10 and 11.

The horizontal surfaces 10, 11 of an upper stone are on the horizontal surfaces 8, 9 of an underlying stone placed.

There are further horizontal surfaces between the horizontal surfaces 8, 9 Areas 12., 13, which are also in a plane, but which are below the plane of the surfaces 8, 9 is located. The stone is exactly the same on the underside. Namely, the stone is both symmetrical and symmetrical about a horizontal median plane to a vertical center plane which runs through the center of the opening 5.

The stone contains further 5 running parallel to the opening Breakthroughs 14, 15, which have a circular cross-section, which is essentially is smaller than the cross section of the opening 5.

The angle stone according to FIG. 4 also has a length of 25 cm, one Width b of 12.5 cm and a height h of 6.5 cm.

The corner stone is designated as a whole with 16 and has a Leg 17 and a leg 18. The leg 17 is for integration into a Determines the shell of the masonry, while the leg 18 serves as a connecting part.

The leg 17 also corresponds to the foundation stone in its remaining training 4 and accordingly has an opening 5 'and end recesses 6' and 7 '. The length a of the leg 18 is equal to the width b, namely 12.5 cm.

In the leg 18 there is an opening 19, the cross section of which is smaller, preferably half as large as the cross section of the opening 5 '. There is also an end recess 20 on the leg 18. The surfaces 8 'and 9' are set also continues into the leg 18.

The angle stone is also symmetrical to a horizontal center plane. Another opening 21 parallel to the opening 19 is provided in the leg 18, which in turn has a circular cross-section like the openings 14, 15 (Fig. 3) and 14 ', 15'.

The corner stone according to FIG. 5 is designated as a whole by 22 and has the same external dimensions as the cornerstone 4. Different from that The cornerstone is that there is no end recess at one end, but one Visible surface 23. On one long side, namely the inside, that on the finished masonry facing the insulating space, there is a recess 24 whose Dimension corresponds to the end recesses 6, 7, 6 ', 7', 20 already mentioned.

Half of the foundation stone 25 according to FIG. 6 can be seen by dividing the Foundation stone 4 (Fig. 3) in the middle of the breakthrough 5 arose think. The length is accordingly 1/2.

The end stone 26 according to FIG. 7 also has the length 1/2, while Height and width coincide with the other stones.

In contrast to half the foundation stone, 25 is at at one end, instead of an end recess, a visible surface 27.

The stones described are for the production of outer shells where wall joints should appear.

If wall joints are not desired, what can also be done for outer shells in Considered, but especially for inner shells, the stones are also one vertical longitudinal plane symmetrical, i.e. offset visible surfaces that are in the assembled State form a joint, are then not present.

In the representations of the masonry (Fig. 1, 2 and 8 to 10) are stones used for the inner shell, with which joints are not preserved while stones according to FIGS. 4 to 7 are used for the outer shell.

The production of the wall construction is now based on the further Figures explained below, initially with reference to FIG. 8.

The outer shell 1 and the inner shell 2 are mainly made of foundation stones 4 or 4 'built up, with 4' denoting those cornerstones with which Wall joints are not formed. The stones of successive horizontal layers are offset against each other in a known manner by half a stone length, so that the typical brick bond is created. The exact alignment of the stones with each other takes place by means of dowels 28 which are inserted into the round holes already described will. The dowels have a collar 28a, on both sides of which into the round Holes to extend matching pegs. The correct insertion depth is provided by the collar 28a guaranteed.

The stones are stacked dry, i.e. without intervening of mortar between the adjacent surfaces. Also on the end faces no mortar applied wear and the stones will be without space also put together at the end faces.

In the area of an intermediate web 3, angle stones 16 or 16 ' used. The stones are alternately placed in the outer shell 1 and in the inner shell 2 installed that the connecting part 18 (see Fig. 4) in the insulating space 29 protrudes. Here, too, the connecting parts of stones lying on top of one another can be used are precisely aligned with one another by dowels 28.

The openings 19 in the connecting parts are aligned with one another, so that a vertical channel is created. The openings 5 of the foundation stones are also aligned with two complementary recesses 6, 7 of a stone layer underneath, so that vertical channels are also created here.

In addition, horizontal layers are created between two layers of stone in each shell Channels 30 and 31. These channels are formed by grooves in the stones, which are on the stones between the horizontal surfaces. At the foundation stone e.g. there is a groove 32 between the horizontal surface 8 and the horizontal surfaces 12, 13 and a further groove 33 between the horizontal surface 9 and the horizontal surfaces 12, 13. Corresponding grooves are arranged on the underside. On the other stones As the drawing clearly shows, there are analogous grooves.

In the course of the construction, the horizontal channels 30, 31 or 30 ', 31' inserted steel rods 35 for reinforcement (see FIG. 9). To the network the connecting webs 3 with the masonry some reinforcing rods 35 'are angled and with their angled ends 35'a in horizontal grooves the Connecting parts inserted.

When a story is piled up, it will be in the vertical Channels from the aligned vertical openings of the building blocks are formed, vertical reinforcing rods 36 inserted.

After the reinforcement, concrete 37 is poured into the vertical channels, which also flows into the horizontal channels 30, 31, 30 ', 31', since these channels with communicate on the vertical channels. That such communication exists is also recognizable from the individual representations of the stones, since the openings or recesses, which form the vertical channels open into the grooves, e.g. grooves 32, 33 at the foundation stone 4 according to Fig. 3.

Also in the vertical channel that runs through the aligned Breakthroughs 19 in the angle stones 16 and 16 'as well as those with these openings aligned end recesses 20 is formed, a vertical reinforcing rod 36 is inserted and the channel is filled with concrete. The rod 36 and the hardened one Concrete form the connecting piece mentioned in claim 4, which is designated by 38 as a whole will. The vertical channel in which the connector 38 is inserted becomes alternating formed from openings 19 and end recesses 20. The further vertical channel, which is adjacent to the inner shell 2 in FIG. 9 is also provided with a connecting piece provided, preferably by a reinforcing rod and a concrete spout consists. In FIG. 9, this further channel is not yet in the poured-out state shown, while in Figs. 1 and 2, this channel is also shown poured. By pouring out the channels in the area of the web 3, a form-fitting link between the shells 1, 2 produced. This lock is extremely durable, so that large tensile forces can be absorbed and the shells therefore firmly together are fixed.

By pouring out the channels in the bowls 1 and 2, a coherent Lattice made of concrete, which is reinforced with steel reinforcement. This will make that Masonry rigid and can also absorb strong earth pressures, so that the wall structure is also suitable for deeply buried basements. The bending stiffness of the Wall construction also prevents the shells from diverging or converging in the area between the webs 3, which are spaced, for example, approx.

1 m.

As can be seen in particular from FIG. 2, the dowels 28 remain in the Masonry. However, they do not have a noteworthy holding function after potting more, because the stones are against each other through the hardened spout and the reinforcing steel be fixed.

Fig. 10 shows how with a special embodiment of an angle stone 16 ″, an outer shell 1 can be connected to an inner shell 2. Also in this one Case there are two vertical connectors 38 with which the angle stones the different stone layers are firmly locked together.

Claims (14)

Wall construction composed of building blocks Claims: 1 Off Wall construction composed of building blocks for buildings, especially for habitable ones Structures, with an outer shell and one arranged at a distance from the outer shell Inner shell and with dividers that support the insulating space between the outer shell and bridge the inner shell, characterized in that in the area of the intermediate webs (3) both in the outer shell (1) and in the inner shell (2) connecting stones (16, 16 ', 16 ") are arranged, which bridges the insulating gap (29) Have connecting part (18) and that from the outer shell (1) protruding connecting parts (18) are connected to connecting parts (18 ') protruding from the inner shell (2). 2. Wall construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting stones (16, 16 ', 16 ") are angular, with one angled leg (17, 17 ') lies in the plane of the associated shell (1, 2) and the other angle leg (18, 18 ') serves as a connecting part. 3. Wall construction according to claim 1, characterized net that the connecting blocks are T-shaped, with the T-crosspiece lying in the plane of the associated shell and the T-stem serving as a connecting part. 4. Wall construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the connecting parts (17, 17 ') openings (19) and possibly Have end recesses (20), the openings (19) lying one above the other Connecting parts are aligned with one another or with end openings (20) and so at least form a vertical channel in which a connector (38) is located. 5. Wall construction according to claim 4, characterized in that the connecting piece (38) by pouring the vertical channel with a hardenable Flowable material is formed, preferably by pouring concrete. 6. Wall construction according to claim 5, characterized in that in the connecting piece (38) reinforcing steel is embedded, preferably a reinforcing rod (36). 7. Wall construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the building blocks are in direct contact with one another and by form-fitting Fixing means are aligned, e.g. by means of dowels (28) inserted into holes (14, 15, 14 ', 15') of stacked building blocks intervene. 8. Wall construction according to one of the preceding claims, thereby characterized in that at the ends of the connecting parts (18, 18 ') end recesses (20) are arranged together with the adjacent shell (1, 2) or together delimit a channel with recesses (24) in adjacent stones (22). 9. Wall construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that each shell (1, 2) has a thickness of 12.5 cm and the bowls are also 12.5 cm apart. 10. Wall construction according to claim 9, characterized in that the length (1) of the building blocks is 25 cm. 11. Wall construction according to claims 9 and 10, characterized in that that the height (h) of the building blocks is 6.25 cm. 12. Wall construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that all building blocks have openings (5, 5 ') and / or end recesses (6, 7, 6 ') which are vertically aligned with one another and thus vertical channels form that on the bottom and / or top of the building blocks horizontal grooves (32, 33) are arranged, which are horizontally aligned with each other and horizontal channels (30, 31, 30 ', 31') that communicate with the vertical channels and that the network of vertical and horizontal channels with a curable liquid Material is made of, preferably concrete. 13. Wall construction according to claim 12, characterized in that in the vertical and / or the horizontal channels extending along the channels rod-shaped reinforcing steel (35, 36) is inserted. 14. Wall construction according to claim 13, characterized in that horizontal reinforcing bars (35 ') are bent at right angles and with the bent Ends in grooves of the connecting parts (18, 18 ') lie.