DE3005637A1 - Liq. farmyard manure treatment - using paddle-mixer and hot air produced from natural sources - Google Patents
Liq. farmyard manure treatment - using paddle-mixer and hot air produced from natural sourcesInfo
- Publication number
- DE3005637A1 DE3005637A1 DE19803005637 DE3005637A DE3005637A1 DE 3005637 A1 DE3005637 A1 DE 3005637A1 DE 19803005637 DE19803005637 DE 19803005637 DE 3005637 A DE3005637 A DE 3005637A DE 3005637 A1 DE3005637 A1 DE 3005637A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- air
- pit
- heated
- gas
- contents
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C3/00—Treating manure; Manuring
- A01C3/02—Storage places for manure, e.g. cisterns for liquid manure; Installations for fermenting manure
- A01C3/026—Storage places for manure, e.g. cisterns for liquid manure; Installations for fermenting manure with mixing or agitating devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
- B01F23/233—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using driven stirrers with completely immersed stirring elements
- B01F23/2333—Single stirrer-drive aerating units, e.g. with the stirrer-head pivoting around an horizontal axis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
- B01F23/233—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using driven stirrers with completely immersed stirring elements
- B01F23/2335—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using driven stirrers with completely immersed stirring elements characterised by the direction of introduction of the gas relative to the stirrer
- B01F23/23353—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using driven stirrers with completely immersed stirring elements characterised by the direction of introduction of the gas relative to the stirrer the gas being sucked towards the rotating stirrer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
- B01F23/233—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using driven stirrers with completely immersed stirring elements
- B01F23/2336—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using driven stirrers with completely immersed stirring elements characterised by the location of the place of introduction of the gas relative to the stirrer
- B01F23/23367—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using driven stirrers with completely immersed stirring elements characterised by the location of the place of introduction of the gas relative to the stirrer the gas being introduced behind the stirrer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/90—Heating or cooling systems
- B01F35/91—Heating or cooling systems using gas or liquid injected into the material, e.g. using liquefied carbon dioxide or steam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/90—Heating or cooling systems
- B01F2035/99—Heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
- B01F2101/005—Mixing or agitating manure, dung
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/05—Stirrers
- B01F27/07—Stirrers characterised by their mounting on the shaft
- B01F27/072—Stirrers characterised by their mounting on the shaft characterised by the disposition of the stirrers with respect to the rotating axis
- B01F27/0725—Stirrers characterised by their mounting on the shaft characterised by the disposition of the stirrers with respect to the rotating axis on the free end of the rotating axis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/60—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis
- B01F27/61—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis about an inclined axis
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Verfahren zur Behandlung von Flüssigmist, Gülle oderProcess for the treatment of liquid manure, slurry or
dgl. in einer Grube mittels Luft, Gas oder dgl.Like. In a pit by means of air, gas or the like.
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Behandlung von Flüssigmist, Gülle oder dgl. in einer Grube mittels Luft, Gas oder dgl.The invention relates to a method for treating liquid manure, Liquid manure or the like. In a pit by means of air, gas or the like.
Immer mehr wird bei der Behandlung von derartigem Grubeninhalt von der alleinigen mechanischen Umwälzung abgegangen und zusätzlich Sauerstoff in Form von Luft beigegeben, um den Gärprozess zu verbessern. Der so behandelte Grubeninhalt verbreitet beim Aufbringen auf Pflanzflächen nicht mehr den penetranten Geruch und die ätzende Wirkung des so vorbehandelten Gutes ist beseitigt. Außerdem ist der Düngewert des so vergorenen Gutes wesentlich erhöht.More and more is used in the treatment of such pit contents the mechanical circulation alone and oxygen in the form added by air to improve the fermentation process. The contents of the pit treated in this way no longer spreads the penetrating smell and when applied to planted areas the corrosive effect of the goods pretreated in this way is eliminated. Besides, the The fertilizer value of the fermented material is significantly increased.
Dieses Behandlungsverfahren von Flüssigmist, Gülle oder dgl.This treatment method of liquid manure, slurry or the like.
hat jedoch den Nachteil, daß der Gärprozess oft zu lange dauert, was besonders dann von entscheidender Bedeutung ist, wenn der Anfall an Flüssigmist, Gülle oder dgl. groß ist.however, has the disadvantage that the fermentation process often takes too long, what is particularly important when the accumulation of liquid manure, Manure or the like. Is large.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, das Verfahren zur Behandlung von Flüssigmist, Gülle oder dgl. der eingangs erwähnten Art so zu verbessern, daß der Gärprozess mit einfachen Mitteln wesentlich verbessert und beschleunigt werden kann.It is the object of the invention to provide the method for treating liquid manure, To improve manure or the like. Of the type mentioned so that the fermentation process can be significantly improved and accelerated with simple means.
Dies wird nach der Erfindung dadurch erreicht, daß die Luft, das Gas oder dgl. vor der Einleitung in den Grubeninhalt erwärmt wird, wobei die dafür erforderliche Wärme natürlichen Wärmequellen entnommen wird.Die Zufuhr von erwärmter Luft, erwärmtem Gas oder dgl. bringt eine Beschleunigung und Verbesserung des Gärprozesses, so daß selbst bei großem Anfall von Flüssigmist, Gülle oder dgl. der Grubeninhalt in ausreichend kurzen Abständen ausreichend vergoren werden kann.This is achieved according to the invention in that the air, the gas or the like. Is heated before introduction into the pit contents, the required for this Heat is taken from natural heat sources. The supply of heated air, heated air Gas or the like. Brings an acceleration and improvement of the fermentation process, so that even with large amounts of liquid manure, slurry or the like. The pit contents are sufficient can be fermented sufficiently at short intervals.
Als besonderer Vorteil kommt noch hinzu, daß dafür praktisch keine Wärmeenergie aus Brennstoffen oder dgl. bereitgestellt werden muß.Another particular advantage is that there are practically none Thermal energy from fuels or the like. Must be provided.
Als besonders einfach und vorteilhaft hat sich eine Ausgestaltung erwiesen, die dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß dem Grubeninhalt direkt die erwärmte Abluft einer Stallentlüftungsanlage zugeführt wird. Die einer Stallentlüftungsanlage entzogene Luft hat durchaus Temperaturen von 300C und mehr und beinhaltet bei der Menge der Abluft ausreichend Wärmeenergie, um einen Grubeninhalt auf eine den Gärprozess,fördernde und beschleunigende Temperatur aufzuwärmen.One embodiment has proven to be particularly simple and advantageous proven, which is characterized by the fact that the pit contents are heated directly Exhaust air is fed to a stall ventilation system. That of a stall ventilation system extracted air has temperatures of 300C and more and contains the Amount of exhaust air is sufficient heat energy to promote the fermentation process to a pit content and accelerating temperature to warm up.
Eine andere energiesparende Erwärmung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Luft, das Gas oder dgl. mittels eines Sonnenkollektors oder dgl. von der Sonnenenergie erwärmt wird Nach einer weiteren Ausgestaltung kann das Verfahren auch so ausgeführt sein, daß die Luft, das Gas oder dgl. mittels Wärmetauscher und Wärmepumpe von der Erdwärme erwärmt wird.Another energy-saving heating is characterized by that the air, the gas or the like. By means of a solar collector or the like. From the Solar energy is heated. According to a further embodiment, the method also be designed so that the air, the gas or the like. By means of heat exchangers and Heat pump is heated by geothermal energy.
Damit der Gärprozess im gesamten Grubeninhalt möglichst homogen abläuft und beschleunigt wird, ist nach einer Weiterbildung vorgesehen, daß die erwärmte Luft, das erwärmte Gas odet dgl. unter gleichzeitigem UmrUhren in den Gruben inhalt eingebracht wird. Eine ausreichend gute Homogenisierung läßt sich dadurch erreichen, daß der Grubeninhalt mittels eines Rührwerkes umgerührt wird, daß mittels eines Ventilators die erwärmte Luft, das erwärmte Gas oder dgl. angesaugt wird und daß die Luft, das Gas oder dgl. in unmittelbarer Nähe des umlaufenden Rührwerkzeuges in den Grubeninhalt eingeleitet wird.So that the fermentation process runs as homogeneously as possible in the entire pit and is accelerated, it is provided according to a further development that the heated Air, the heated gas or the like. With simultaneous stirring in the pits contents is introduced. A sufficiently good homogenization can be achieved by that the pit contents are stirred by means of an agitator, that by means of a Fan, the heated air, the heated gas or the like. Is sucked in and that the air, the gas or the like. In the immediate vicinity of the rotating stirring tool is introduced into the pit.
Bei dem so beschleunigten Gärprozess des Grubeninhaltes wird auch die Abgabe von Biogas erhöht. Eine Weiterbildung des Verfahrens nach der Erfindung sieht daher vor, daß die Grube be verschlossen wird und daß das von Grubeninhalt erzeugte und abgeqebene Biogas einer Biogasanlage zugeführt wird, um auch dieses weiter auswerten zu können.The fermentation process of the pit contents is accelerated in this way the supply of biogas increased. A further development of the method according to the invention therefore provides that the pit be closed and that the pit contents Biogas generated and leveled off is fed to a biogas plant in order to also this to be able to further evaluate.
Um den Gärprozess noch mehr zu fördern und zu beschleunigen, kann weiterhin vorgesehen sein, daß der Luft, dem Gas oder dgl. Zusatzmittel beigemengt werden, durch die der Gärprozess des Flüssigmistes, der Gülle oder dgl. beschleunigt wird.To promote and accelerate the fermentation process even more, you can It can also be provided that additives are added to the air, the gas or the like by which the fermentation process of the liquid manure, the manure or the like. Accelerated will.
Die Erfindung wird anhand eines in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert, wobei die dem Grubeninhalt zugeführte Luft einer Stallentlüfungsanlage.The invention is illustrated schematically in the drawing using one Embodiment explained in more detail, the air supplied to the pit contents a stall ventilation system.
entnommen wird.is removed.
In der Zeichnung ist der Stall durch die Wände 11 und 12 und das Dach im Querschnitt angedeutet. In dem so abgegrenzten Raum 10 ist das Vieh untergebracht und aufgrund der yon den Tieren abgestrahlten und an die Umgebung abgegebenen Wärme auf 300 C, und mehr erwärmt. Da dieser Raum 10 groß ist, steht in der so erwärmten Luft eine beachtliche Wärmeenergie zur Verfügung.In the drawing the stable is through the walls 11 and 12 and the roof indicated in cross section. The cattle are housed in the so delimited room 10 and because of the heat emitted by the animals and given off to the environment on 300 C, and more heated. Since this room 10 is large, is in the air heated in this way considerable thermal energy is available.
Die Entlüftungsanlage des Raumes 10 ist mit dem Zulufteingang 13 und dem Abluftausgang 15 angedeutet. Die den Abluftausgang 15 verlassende erwärmte Luft wird der Abgangsleitung 16 zugeführt, die außerhalb des Stalles in einem Anschluß 17 endet.The ventilation system of the room 10 is with the supply air inlet 13 and the exhaust air outlet 15 indicated. The heated air leaving the exhaust air outlet 15 is fed to the outlet line 16, which is outside the stable in a connection 17 ends.
Neben dem Stall ist im Erdreich die Grube 20 eingelassen, in die der Flüssigmist, die Gülle oder dgl. aus dem Stall in bekannter Weise eingeleitet werden. Der Grubeninhalt ist mit dem Bezugszeichen 40 gekennzeichnet. An den Anschluß 17 wird ein Schlauch 18 angekoppelt, der mit dem Sauganschluß 19 eines Rührwerkes 30 angekoppelt wird. In dem Rohr 32 des Rührwerkes 30 ist eine Rührwelle untergebracht, die am freien, aus dem Rohr 32 ragenden Ende ein Rührwerkzeug 35 trägt. Die Rührwelle wird mittels eines Elektromotors 31 angetrieben und treibt gleichzeitig auch einen Ventilator 33 an, der über den Sauganschluß 19, den Schlauch 18, den Anschluß 17, die Abgangsleitung 16 und den Abluftausgang 15 die warme Luft aus dem Raum 10 absaugt und über das Rohr 32 am freien Ende in den Grubeninhalt 40 ausströmen läßt. Das Rührwerk 30 ist durch eine öffnung 21 in der Decke der Grube 20 eingeführt.In addition to the stable, the pit 20 is embedded in the ground, into which the Liquid manure, slurry or the like. Be introduced from the stable in a known manner. The pit contents are identified with the reference number 40. To connection 17 a hose 18 is coupled which is connected to the suction connection 19 of an agitator 30 is coupled. In the tube 32 of the agitator 30, an agitator shaft is housed, which carries a stirring tool 35 at the free end protruding from the tube 32. The agitator shaft is driven by means of an electric motor 31 and also drives one at the same time Fan 33, which via the suction connection 19, the hose 18, the connection 17, the outlet line 16 and the exhaust air outlet 15 sucks the warm air out of the room 10 and allows it to flow out through the pipe 32 at the free end into the pit contents 40. That Agitator 30 is introduced through an opening 21 in the ceiling of the pit 20.
Durch Verschwenken des Rohres 32 kann bei laufendem Elektromotor 31 der Grubeninhalt 40 gerührt und gleichzeitig mit der angesaugten warmen Luft vermischt werden. Diese Behandlung des Grubeninhaltes 40 bringt eine ausgezeichnete Homogenisierung und Belüftung. Dabei kommt dem einsetzenden Gärprozeß in dem Grubeninhalt 40 zugute, daß die eingebrachte Luft stark erwärmt ist. Die so dem Grubeninhalt 40 zugeführte Luft fördert und beschleunigt den Gärprozeß im Gru- beninhalt 40. Ist der Schlauch 18 von dem Anschluß 17 abgekoppelt, dann kann auch ein anderes Medium, z.B. ein bestimmtes Gas, angesaugt werden, das den Gärprozeß noch mehr beschleunigt. Dabei kann dieses Gas auch nur der aus dem Stallabgesaugten, warmen Luft beigemischt werden.By pivoting the tube 32, when the electric motor 31 the pit contents 40 stirred and at the same time mixed with the sucked in warm air will. This treatment of the pit contents 40 brings about excellent homogenization and ventilation. The onset of fermentation process in the pit content 40 benefits here, that the air introduced is very warm. The so fed to the pit content 40 Air promotes and accelerates the fermentation process in the content 40. If the hose 18 is uncoupled from the connection 17, then another one can also be used Medium, e.g. a certain gas, can be sucked in, which accelerates the fermentation process even more. This gas can only be added to the warm air extracted from the stable will.
Die Grube 20 kann eine weitere öffnung 22 in der Decke aufweisen. Uber diese Öffnung 22 kann die Grube 20 mit einer an sich bekannten Biogasanlage in Verbindung stehen, der das in der Grube 20 reichlicher erzeugte Biogas zur weiteren Ausnutzung zugeführt wird.The pit 20 can have a further opening 22 in the ceiling. The pit 20 with a biogas plant known per se can be connected via this opening 22 are in connection with the more abundant biogas produced in the pit 20 for further use Utilization is fed.
Das gezeigte Ausführungsbeispiel darf nicht als Beschränkung der Erfindung gewertet werden. Die der Grube 20 zugeführte Luft kann auch durch andere natürliche Wärmequellen erwärmt werden, bevor sie mit dem Grubeninhalt 40 vermischt wird.The exemplary embodiment shown must not be taken as a limitation of the invention get ranked. The air supplied to the pit 20 can also be supplied by other natural Heat sources are heated before they are mixed with the pit contents 40.
So kann über einen Sonnenkollektor die Luft, däs Gas oder dgl. ebenso erwärmt werden. Auch die Erdwärme läßt sich über einen Wärmetauscher und eine Wärmepumpe zum Erwärmen der Luft, des Gases oder dgl. ausnützen. Diese Energieversorung -ist kostensparend und für den vorgesehenen Zweck voll ausreichend. v LeerseiteSo can the air, gas or the like via a solar collector as well be heated. The geothermal energy can also be supplied via a heat exchanger and a heat pump to heat the air, the gas or the like. Exploit. This energy supply -is cost-saving and fully sufficient for the intended purpose. v Blank page
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19803005637 DE3005637A1 (en) | 1980-02-15 | 1980-02-15 | Liq. farmyard manure treatment - using paddle-mixer and hot air produced from natural sources |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19803005637 DE3005637A1 (en) | 1980-02-15 | 1980-02-15 | Liq. farmyard manure treatment - using paddle-mixer and hot air produced from natural sources |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE3005637A1 true DE3005637A1 (en) | 1981-08-20 |
Family
ID=6094667
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19803005637 Withdrawn DE3005637A1 (en) | 1980-02-15 | 1980-02-15 | Liq. farmyard manure treatment - using paddle-mixer and hot air produced from natural sources |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE3005637A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100115786A1 (en) * | 2006-11-02 | 2010-05-13 | Docters Van Leeuwen Gysbert | Method and system for drying a water containing substance |
-
1980
- 1980-02-15 DE DE19803005637 patent/DE3005637A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100115786A1 (en) * | 2006-11-02 | 2010-05-13 | Docters Van Leeuwen Gysbert | Method and system for drying a water containing substance |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| 8139 | Disposal/non-payment of the annual fee |