DE2923370A1 - Reinforced concrete vault structure - has shell on prefab arched pieces prestressed in bend line direction - Google Patents

Abstract

A base, sidewalls, and a vault shell incorporating a series of curved reinforced-concrete prefabricated sections set close together, make up a vaulted structure, esp. for conduits dome containers, hangar-type buildings, or similar. The curved concrete sections are in the form of arched prefabricated pieces (10), which are prestressed in the direction of the bend line. The concrete sections carry a reinforced superimposed concrete shell (16). They are pref. centrally prestressed, andcan have slack reinforcement with joint bars (20) distributed over their edges and extending into the shell, esp. in the form of triangular stirrup pieces.

Description

Vault construction made of reinforced concrete and method for erecting

device of the same The invention relates to a vault construction from Reinforced concrete, especially for passages, dome tanks, halls or the like. With a Foundation, if necessary with side walls and with a large number of according to the Arching line comprising precast reinforced concrete elements arranged next to one another Vaulted bowl. The invention also relates to a method for establishing a Reinforced concrete vault construction.

Usually, vault structures are made using a elaborate armor and formwork made of in-situ concrete. The creation of the armor and formwork makes up a significant portion of the total cost of the vault construction the end. Attempts have therefore been made to reduce the cost of construction by using To lower prefabricated parts in assembly construction.

There are already different vault constructions made of prefabricated parts known. It is known barrel vaults made of a variety of slack reinforced Manufacture bent beams which are parallel using a scaffold are arranged to each other in the longitudinal direction of the barrel vault. The joints will be then poured out, whereupon the vault obtained can be covered with earth. A scaffold is also disadvantageously required in this construction.

You can get by without any armor or formwork when you go to the erection Sector-shaped, slackly reinforced by domed roofs in their final curved shape concrete precast elements used. The manufacture of such curved prefabricated parts however, it is costly. In addition, they are hardly open because of the curved shape Transportable by truck.

After all, such dome structures are not suitable for dome containers, because the water filling of the container creates ring forces, which are caused by a complex ring reinforcement must be absorbed. If the vault construction is to be covered with earth and other heavy loads are to be carried, so must the finished parts are extremely difficult to carry out.

It is already known from DE-OS 26 49 936, the roof of a cylindrical Train the container as a hanging bowl. This will just be concreted in the direction pre-stressed pre-stressed concrete elements used in the bending line, which are used during assembly sag under their own weight and as formwork for attaching the concrete shell works. As soon as the concrete has solidified, the entire suspended roof construction is effective as a monolithic shell. The pre-stressed precast elements that have just been concreted can be used can only be bent to a relatively small curvature without cracking. If the deflection is greater, visible cracks appear on the underside and in these cracks can become damp, especially when the container is filled with water occur, which can penetrate up to the reinforcement by capillary forces and corrosive acts on this. The risk of cracking when bending is in the case of such Suspended roofs insofar less than the prefabricated parts that are essentially subjected to tensile stress can have a very small thickness. In vault structures are essential larger curvatures required, which even with strong pre-tensioning are not without the development of visible cracks can be achieved. The problem of cracking is reinforced by the fact that the prefabricated parts at the Assembly Must have a certain rigidity, and thus have a greater thickness have to. In general, the serviceability of reinforced concrete structures is determined by Visible cracks in the concrete are considerably reduced.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a usable Reinforced concrete vault construction, which in inexpensive assembly method can be built and to a large extent, e.g. B. be burdened by earth coverings can, as well as a method for erecting such a vault structure.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a vault construction solved the type mentioned, which is characterized in that the curved Precast reinforced concrete parts as curved pre-stressed pre-stressed concrete parts in the direction of the bending line are trained and carry a reinforced concrete shell.

When assembling the prestressed concrete elements, they have to be strongly curved so that on the top a large number of visible, relatively deep and wide Cracks appear. However, it has surprisingly been found that by applying of the reinforced concrete shell, these cracks have a negative impact on serviceability of the structure is prevented, even when used as a water tank.

Furthermore, it has surprisingly been found that the occurrence of these cracks the stability of the assembled prefabricated parts that have not yet been provided with concrete not significantly impaired. The underside of the curved prefabricated parts is free of defects.

The vault construction according to the invention offers considerable advantages, because the cost of formwork and armor can be saved. All prestressed concrete parts can have the same shape and in a simple way in the factory concreted will. After the assembly, which can be carried out easily, the curved precast concrete elements are used as formwork for the concrete to be applied. This creates a permanent connection between the reinforced concrete and the prestressed precast concrete parts and you get one Vault construction, which has the advantages of the previous monolithic construction. The vaults according to the invention are even with a considerable load, in particular also when covered with earth, extremely stable and because of their absolute impermeability and largely seamless, also suitable for the construction of dome tanks.

Further preferred features of the vault construction according to the invention and the method according to the invention for erecting such a vault structure emerge from the claims.

The vault construction according to the invention is suitable for erection of passages in road embankments or the like., As well as for underground halls, in particular Airplane hangars, road constructions, avalanche galleries, underground garages or the like. As well as especially for dome tanks.

In the following the invention is explained in more detail with reference to drawings.

The figures show: FIG. 1 a plan view of a port designed as a passage Embodiment of the vault construction according to the invention, wherein the soil backfill is omitted and with partial areas broken out; Fig. 2 is a section along line 2-2 of FIG. 1; Fig. 3 is a section along the line 3-3 of Fig. 1; FIG. 4 shows a section through a tensioning bed for the production of the precast prestressed concrete parts; FIG. Fig. 5 shows a schematic representation of a method for bending the prestressed precast concrete parts; Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of a modified method for bending the Precast precast concrete parts and FIG. 7 shows a section through a spherical container Embodiment of the vault construction according to the invention.

In the following, reference is first made to FIGS. 1 to 3. The vault construction, generally designated 1, serves as a passage for one Brook 2. It carries a soil fill 3, which is part of a road 4 carrying Road embankment forms.

A reinforced concrete foundation 6 is provided on both sides of the stream 2, which has a slot-shaped quiver 8.

Curved prestressed precast concrete parts 10 are in the quiver 8 of the foundations 6 and extend as two-joint girders from foundation to foundation. The prestressed concrete prefabricated parts 10 are shown in FIG. 1 only in the case of a prestressed concrete prefabricated part Tensioning strands 12 shown are pretensioned centrally in the direction of the bending line. Further is a (not shown in Fig. 1) slack reinforcement of the prestressed precast concrete elements provided which extends in the longitudinal direction of the passage.

A concrete shell 16 is provided above the pre-stressed concrete parts, which has a slack reinforcement 18.

The vault consisting of the pre-stressed concrete parts and the concrete top acts as a monolithic shell. The concrete topping is with the pre-stressed concrete parts firmly connected. The connection between pre-stressed concrete parts 10 and concrete 16 is mediated by connecting iron 20, 22. The connecting iron 20 are part of the slack Reinforcement 14 of the prestressed concrete elements 10. They are in the area of folds 21 along the longitudinal edges of the prestressed concrete prefabricated parts 10 led out and bent. The connecting iron 20 adjacent prestressed concrete prefabricated parts 10 are to increase the stability in the assembled state together welded. Furthermore, there are additional connecting irons 22 over the surface of the prestressed precast concrete 10 arranged distributed. In the embodiment shown, these are in the form of Triangle brackets formed. However, they can also be any other shape have, in particular the shape of rectangular brackets, round brackets or the like .. Also several connecting irons can be brought together spatially.

The connecting iron 22 mediate the connection between prestressed precast concrete parts 10 and concrete 16 and they also have the function of stiffening the prestressed concrete parts in the assembled state, so that a kink bend of the same when applying the concrete is prevented. This stiffening effect can still can be increased by welding on reinforcing iron 24, which extends in the longitudinal direction the prestressed concrete prefabricated parts 10 extend from connecting iron 22 to connecting iron 22 or by additional reinforcement bars 26, which the connecting iron 22 adjacent Connect pre-stressed concrete parts 10 with one another. Of course, they can also be arranged at an angle additional reinforcement bars can be provided.

Connecting irons 28 also protrude from the foundations 6 into the concrete. In a preferred embodiment, these connecting irons 28 of the foundations 6 with selected connecting iron 22 of the prestressed concrete prefabricated parts 10 welded, whereby an additional stiffening is achieved in the assembled state.

In Fig. 2 is a barrel vault with an arcuate vault line shown. However, the vault can also have a different vault line, e.g. B. a parabolic, elliptical, hyperbolic curve or the like. The realization the curvature line desired in each case is explained in the context of the explanation of the assembly process described in more detail. The prestressed concrete elements can have a thickness of at least 6 cm exhibit. The thickness can be uniform or longitudinal vary. Because of the strong curvature and the considerable thickness of the prestressed concrete elements Visible cracks form on the convex surface when it is bent. These can reach up to the reinforcement. However, because of the concrete, they are perfect harmless.

The following explains the manufacture of the vault construction will. According to FIG. 4, the prestressed precast concrete parts are concreted in a clamping bed 30. The tensioning strands 12 are between an abutment 31 and a tensioning device 32 excited. They can be about 1 cm in diameter. There will be about 4 up to 20 tension wires per 10 MP provided. The pre-stressed concrete part 10 is with the help a formwork 34 concreted. Despite the strong curvature in the assembled state, the precast elements are just being concreted.

This significantly reduces the manufacturing costs.

After the concrete has hardened, the anchorage is released, whereby the Prestressing on the concrete through a force-fit connection between the concrete and is applied to the tendons.

The hardened pre-stressed concrete elements can now be used without any further Post-treatment can be used for the erection of the vault. However, it is too possible, the prestressed concrete parts in the still fresh, soft state before assembly to be stored in a curved shape. For this purpose, support elements can be predetermined Height can be arranged at predetermined intervals. Experienced during this storage the fresh concrete undergoes plastic deformation. Preserved the precast concrete elements thereby a curvature due to plastic shortening with creeping in the pressure zone. After storage, the hardened prestressed concrete parts have a permanent curved shape Shape. The curvature is less than in the assembled state. The curved ones Prestressed precast concrete parts are, however, still pliable, so that they can be recovered during transport can be stored flat.

During assembly, the pre-stressed concrete elements are made according to the desired curve curve. You either start with flat pre-stressed concrete parts from or from already partially through the post-treatment described above into one curved shape brought prestressed concrete parts. The bending of the prestressed concrete parts can be done according to different procedures. The bending under its own weight is enough generally not from, so that given by the respective vault construction Curvature must be forced. A distinction can be made between two processes: namely the possibility of a free bending line and bending according to a forced one Bending line.

When bending according to a free bending line, one end of the Precast prestressed concrete part hanging from a crane in a foundation and then the prefabricated part is free as long as a tensioning cable engages at the other end Bend until the stitch required for the potting into the other abutment is reached. Alternatively, you can use a tensioning rope at both ends of the pre-stressed concrete part to attack and then tighten as a tendon and after achieving the required Stitch the prefabricated part into the two foundations. In this procedure a free bending line is obtained, which is determined by the distribution of the dimensions (width, Thickness) in the longitudinal direction and the distribution of the dead weight is given. Want if you change this bending line, this can be done by changing the thickness of the pre-stressed concrete part designed differently over its length or locally Attaches ribs, possibly also through local changes in the reinforcement or like ..

If the free bending line that can be achieved does not match the desired curve corresponds, you have to force the course of the bending line by other measures. You can z. B. the pre-stressed concrete part arranged on the floor as a spacer acting auxiliary supports bend. Furthermore, according to FIG. 5, between the as a tendon tensioned rope and the curved precast prestressed concrete part at least one spacer 36 provide. These spacers 36 can have a triangular shape, the Tension cord 38 runs through an apex of the triangle, while the base of the triangle on the finished part 10 is applied.

In another bending method, as shown in FIG. 6, a crane traverse can be used Use 40, which has a plurality of spacers 42 on its underside, their height and distribution over the length of the traverse of the desired bending line correspond. Furthermore, tension members 44 are provided, which at several points of the Attack to be bent pre-stressed concrete part 10 and this up against the traverse pull so that the pre-stressed concrete part comes to rest against all spacers 42. Then the bent pre-stressed concrete part is digested into the foundations. the Tension members 44 can attack the pre-stressed concrete part 10 in various ways, z. B. as a suction lifter, by attacking the connecting iron protruding from the prefabricated part, by attacking the passages provided in the prefabricated part or simply by a um the precast rope lying around. Incidentally, you can also use a crane traverse with Use the bending of the prestressed concrete element with the aid of a rope stretched as a tendon.

Take the cached and bent prestressed precast concrete elements, provided that they are free of organs that cause a forced curvature (ropes, spacers or the like) are a free bending line. If you can with the help of spacers Forced precast prestressed concrete parts cotch, so also take them after the Remove the ropes and spacers a free bending line. Do you want this prevent, you can leave the tension cords and spacers or the like the concrete has hardened. Alternatively, the precast concrete elements can be bent during the bending process spacers used in a desired bending shape that deviates from the free bending shape and ropes or the like. After boiling the Prestressed precast concrete parts Replace with other cable elements, which on the one hand at different points attack the pre-stressed concrete parts and on the other hand on the ground or on the foundation.

The arched pre-stressed precast concrete elements show a certain Instability and there is a risk of kinking, in particular while the concrete is being applied. To reduce or eliminate the risk special stiffening measures are required for kinked bends. In particular you can protrude from the foundations longer connecting iron 28 with a Weld the connecting pieces protruding from the surface of the pre-stressed concrete part. If the welding point is chosen correctly, this can also result in a considerable Bracing can be achieved. Further stiffening is provided by the rebar 24, 26 achieved, which protruding from the prestressed precast concrete bracket-shaped Connection iron of one pre-stressed concrete part or several adjacent pre-stressed concrete parts connect with each other. A particularly effective stiffening of the curved, cured ones Pre-fabricated prestressed concrete elements in the assembled state are achieved using tensioning cables.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, assembly tensioning cables 50 are indicated by dashed lines Lines shown, which attack the inner surfaces of the prestressed concrete elements and are anchored to the foundation.

Further assembly tensioning cables 52 are also shown, which are on the outside attack the pre-stressed concrete elements.

The assembly tension cables 50, 52 have an excellent stiffening function. On the other hand, as already explained above, they can also be used to induce or maintaining one of the desired lines deviating from the free bending line Curvature line of the corresponding bending state of the prestressed concrete elements are also used These tensioning ropes are ideally suited to the pre-fabricated prestressed concrete parts to be adjusted so that the prestressed concrete elements mounted next to each other are all over their entire length align with each other.

After bending, potting, bracing and adjusting the pre-stressed concrete parts these are connected to each other.

For this purpose, the connecting ends protruding in the edge areas are used 20 of the slack reinforcement 14 welded together. In addition, they can already mentioned reinforcement.

iron 26 with connecting iron of several neighboring pre-stressed concrete elements be welded. Steel plates can also be used for connection.

Reinforced concrete is then applied. You can do this with larger Incline the vault construction in sections and create an outer formwork use or alternatively apply expanded metal. The topping is made in one thickness applied, which corresponds to the desired load-bearing capacity of the vault. He will armed in the usual way, slack.

After the concrete has hardened, the assembly tensioning cables 50 are removed. The soil is then filled in the usual way.

The following is another embodiment of the invention Vault construction explained on the basis of FIG. 7, which shows a section of a dome container shows. The dome container, generally designated 60, comprises a bottom plate 62 and a cone piece 64, which are concreted onto the ground in in-situ concrete. Then a scaffolding tower 66 is set up in the center of the base plate 62, which at the top End of a mounting ring 68 carries. It is held on the sides by tensioning strands 70. In contrast to the previously described embodiment, prestressed concrete have precast elements 72 not a rectangular shape, but in the flat state, in which they are concreted, a shape corresponding to the development of a dome sector. The tendon strands extend themselves roughly radial. The pre-stressed concrete elements are in an im Cone piece 64 trained quiver quivered and at the other end with the mounting ring 68 welded. Otherwise, the same method of production is used the finished parts, as well as for bending, stiffening and adjusting the same. Before applying of the concrete top 74, any internal joints that may be present can be shuttered.

In the area of the mounting ring 68, an opening is left through which After the concrete shell has hardened, the dismantled scaffolding tower can be removed. Then this opening is also closed with concrete. Doors and other openings can be subsequently cut into the concrete shell. When applying the concrete you can already provide formwork at the appropriate points. Any joints between the quiver and pre-stressed concrete elements as well as other joints can be cast The concrete shell can be a reinforcement prestressed in the direction of the ring and / or a have slack reinforcement. Finally, the soil can be backfilled.

The construction described above with reference to a dome container with auxiliary support, in which the prestressed concrete elements extend from the foundation to the top of the vault extend, can also in other vault shapes, in particular in the case of the figures 1 and 2 can be applied.

A mounting beam (rib) is placed in the apex area of the vault. or a mounting plate is used.

A barrel-like vault and a dome vaulted above described. However, any other can be used with the construction according to the invention Types of vaults are erected, in particular combinations of barrel-like Areas and domed areas by appropriate combination of rectangular Prestressed precast concrete parts and segment-shaped prestressed precast concrete parts.

Claims (22)

P A T E N T A N S P R U C H E 1. D Vault construction made of reinforced concrete, in particular passages, dome tanks, halls or the like. With a foundation, if necessary with side walls and with a vaulted shell, which a variety of accordingly the arching line comprises curved, juxtaposed precast reinforced concrete elements, characterized by the fact that the curved precast reinforced concrete parts are curved, formed prestressed precast concrete parts (10, 72) in the direction of the bending line and carry a reinforced concrete shell (16, 74). 2. Vault construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the pre-stressed concrete parts (1.0, 72) are pretensioned approximately centrically. 3. Vault construction according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized characterized in that the prestressed concrete parts (10, 72) have slack reinforcement (14) have, the connecting iron (20) on the edges of the pre-stressed concrete parts (10,72) or distributed over their surface, especially in the form of triangular ones Bracket (22) extend into the concrete shell (16,74). 4. Vault construction according to claim 3, characterized in that the connecting iron (20) at the edges of adjacent prestressed precast concrete parts (10, 72) are welded together. 5. Vault construction according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized characterized in that several bow-shaped connecting irons (22) each of a pre-stressed concrete part (10.72) and / or neighboring pre-stressed concrete parts (10, 72) welded reinforcement bars (24, 26) are connected to one another. 6. Vault construction according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that the pre-stressed concrete parts (10.72) in the foundation (6.64) or optionally the side walls trained quivers (8,72) are used. 7. Vault construction according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that that connecting iron (28) extend from the foundation (6,64) into the concrete shell (16,74) and, if necessary, with the connecting iron (22) of the pre-stressed concrete parts (10, 72) are welded. 8. Vault construction according to one of claims t to 7, characterized in that that the bent pre-stressed concrete parts (10, 72) on the outer surface of the concrete shell (16.74) have covered visible cracks. 9. Vault construction according to one of claims t to 8, characterized in that that it is designed as a dome, in particular as a dome container (60), and is sector-shaped Pre-stressed concrete parts (72), which in the apex area via a mounting ring (68) are connected, preferably by welding. 10. Vault construction according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized characterized in that it is designed as a barrel-like vault (1) and rectangular Pre-stressed concrete parts (10), which extend either from foundation (6) to foundation 6. Extend or join together at the apex line over a beam or plate are connected. 11. Vault construction according to the response 9 and tO, characterized in that that domed vault areas and barrel-like vault areas combined with one another are. 12. Vault construction according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized by means of a curved line in the form of a free or forced bending line of the prestressed precast concrete elements (10,72), which is preferably an arc of a circle, a parabola or the like. At least is approximated. 13. Vault construction according to claim 12, characterized in that that the prestressed concrete parts (10, 72) have the desired bending line over their length influencing thickness distribution or ribs influencing the desired bending line exhibit. c 14. Procedure for erecting a reinforced concrete vault structure according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that there is a plurality of prefabricated, preferably evenly concreted, prestressed in the direction of the bending line Prestressed precast concrete parts with the shape of a development of a respective vault section Bends and assembles to the desired arching line and then the reinforced concrete In-situ concrete is applied to the precast prestressed concrete elements used as formwork. 15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the Prestressed precast concrete elements after hardening in the precast plant under plastic deformation, preferably under its own weight, brings it into a curved shape and optionally after hardening transported to the construction site in a level storage. 16. The method according to any one of claims 14 or 15, characterized in that that the prestressed concrete parts with the help of a tensioning cable, which either at both ends of the pre-stressed concrete element or at one end of one at the other Attacking the end of the cached pre-stressed concrete part, in a free bend or through at least one spacer forced bending into the desired curve line bends. 17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that the Bending line by choosing the thickness distribution, by reinforcing ribs or by affects the reinforcement. 18. The method according to any one of claims 14 or 15, characterized in that that one bends the prestressed concrete parts over auxiliary supports. 19. The method according to any one of claims 14 or 15, characterized in that that you can get the prestressed concrete by tightening against one on the underside with Mounting crane traverse provided with spacers with the help of at several points of attack attacking height-adjustable tension elements bends. 20. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 19, characterized in that that one adjusts the prestressed concrete with the help of assembly ropes and against Secures buckling bends and then adjacent prestressed precast concrete elements with each other, preferably by welding. 21. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 20, characterized in that that you have a mounting support that acts on the apex or on the apex line used. 22. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 21, characterized in that that the pre-assembled prestressed concrete parts are braced with assembly ropes Welding of bow-shaped protruding on the surface of the prestressed concrete parts Connection iron of a prestressed precast concrete element or of adjacent prestressed precast concrete elements with preferably continuous reinforcement iron and / or by welding connecting iron protruding from the foundation to be embedded in the concrete the surface of the prestressed concrete elements protruding from the connecting iron against kinking be secured when applying the concrete.