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DE2901231A1 - Ultrasonic non-destructive testing head - has composite piezo electric converter decoupled for independent variation reducing side lobes - Google Patents

Ultrasonic non-destructive testing head - has composite piezo electric converter decoupled for independent variation reducing side lobes

Info

Publication number
DE2901231A1
DE2901231A1 DE19792901231 DE2901231A DE2901231A1 DE 2901231 A1 DE2901231 A1 DE 2901231A1 DE 19792901231 DE19792901231 DE 19792901231 DE 2901231 A DE2901231 A DE 2901231A DE 2901231 A1 DE2901231 A1 DE 2901231A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
test head
transducer
decoupled
transducers
converter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
DE19792901231
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Frank Bonitz
Wolfgang Dipl Phys Dr Gebhardt
Helmut Ing Grad Woll
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority to DE19792901231 priority Critical patent/DE2901231A1/en
Publication of DE2901231A1 publication Critical patent/DE2901231A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/24—Probes
    • G01N29/2437—Piezoelectric probes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/26—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor
    • G01N29/262—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor by electronic orientation or focusing, e.g. with phased arrays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
    • G10K11/26—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning
    • G10K11/34—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning using electrical steering of transducer arrays, e.g. beam steering
    • G10K11/341—Circuits therefor
    • G10K11/348—Circuits therefor using amplitude variation

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

A test head uses ultrasonic signals, transmitted via a piezoelectric transducer, which is fitted with attenuators, into the tested material. The transducer consists of several decoupled transducer elements, in order to reduce the level of the side lobes. The amplitudes of the decoupled transducers can be varied independently. The amplitude excitation is such that the acoustic signal is at a maximum at the centre of the transducer arrangement. Each transducer may be excited in a different phase, so as to control the main lobe. The transmitting and receiving section of the transducer may be separated by diodes. The receiver arrangement may provide central amplification, or peripheral attenuation, of the signals.

Description

Prüfkopftyp zur zerstörungsfreien WerkstoffprüfungProbe type for non-destructive material testing

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Prüfkopf gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a test head according to the preamble of the claim 1.

Die heute in der Werkstoffprüfung üblichen Normal und Winkelprtifköpfe besitzen relativ hohe Nebenkeulen: die theoretische Grenze für einen Kolbenschwinger liegt bei etwa 1 x, 5 dB bzw. 27 dB im Puls-Echo-Betrieb, eine Grenze, die in der Praxis - insbesondere bei Winkelprüfköpfen - oft bei weitem nicht erreicht wird Dieses Nebenkeulenniveau ist jedoch für viele Anwendungen in der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung viel zu hoch: Formechos können von Fehlerechos häufig nur schwer oder sogar überhaupt nicht unterschieden werden.The normal and angled probes commonly used in materials testing today have relatively high side lobes: the theoretical limit for a piston oscillator is around 1 x.5 dB or 27 dB in pulse-echo mode, a limit that is in the Practice - especially with angle probes - is often far from being achieved However, this sidelobe level is essential for many non-destructive applications Check much too high: Form echoes can often be difficult or even difficult to get from false echoes cannot be distinguished at all.

Im folgenden soll ein neuer Prüfkopftyp für die Werkstoffprüfung beschrieben werden, der sich durch eine verminderte Nebenkeulenhöhe auszeichnet und darüber hinaus an jedes kommerzielle Ultraschallprüfgerät angeschlossen werden kann, Der erfindungsgemäße Prüfkopf ist durch die in Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 6 angegebenen Merkmale gekennzeichnet. Vorteilhafte TTeiterbildungen sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.A new type of probe for materials testing is described below which is characterized by a reduced side lobe height and above can also be connected to any commercial ultrasonic testing device that The test head according to the invention is indicated by that specified in claim 1 or claim 6 Features marked. Advantageous further developments are in the subclaims specified.

Der Prüfkopf besteht aus einer mehr oder weniger großen Anzahl von in bestimmter räumlicher Konfiguration angeordneten Schwingern. Durch eine geeignete phasen- bzw. amplitudenmäßige Ansteuerung der Einzelstrahler kann die Richtcharakteristik der Gesamtanordnung weitreichend beeinflußt werden: die rirc:ensteuerung bestimmt die räumliche Orientierung der Strahlungskeulen, während die in diesem Zusammenhang interessantere Amplitudensteuerung (die einzelnen Elemente werden unterschiedlich stark angeregt) eine Beeinflussung der Nebenkeulenhöhe und der Peilschärfe erlaubt.The probe consists of a more or less large number of transducers arranged in a certain spatial configuration. Through a suitable The directional characteristic can be controlled in terms of phase or amplitude of the individual radiators the overall arrangement can be influenced to a large extent: the rirc: en control determines the spatial orientation of the radiation lobes, while those in this context more interesting Amplitude control (the individual elements are stimulated to different degrees) an influence on the side lobe height and the bearing sharpness permitted.

Eine Prinzipskizze des Prüfkopfkonzepts zeigt Abb. 1. Der Prüfkopf besteht aus zwei Teilen: einem piezoelektrischen Gruppenschwinger samt Dämpfungskörper und einem Widerstands-und Diodennetzwerk, sowie Steckanschluß zum Senden und EmFfangen des Ultraschallprüfgerätes, das sich ebenso gut außerhalb des Prüfkopfgehäuses befinden kann. Als Arrayanordnung kommen dabei lineare, flächenhafte oder auch Ring-Arrays in Frage (Abb. 2).A schematic diagram of the probe concept is shown in Fig. 1. The probe consists of two parts: a piezoelectric group oscillator with a damping body and a resistor and diode network, as well as a plug connection for sending and receiving of the ultrasonic testing device, which is also located outside the probe housing can. Linear, planar or ring arrays are used as the array arrangement in question (Fig. 2).

Die Anzahl der Einzelelemente richtet sich nach Prüfkopfgröße, Erregerfrequenz und dem geforderten Maß der Nebenkeulenbeeinflussung. Durch Vorsatz von keil- oder linsenförmigen Vorlauf strecken können sowohl Winkel- als auch Fokusprüfköpfe realisiert werden. Schließlich läßt das Prinzip auch den Bau getrennter Sende- und Empfängerköpfe zu.The number of individual elements depends on the size of the probe and the frequency of the excitation and the required degree of sidelobe influence. By intent of wedge or Lenticular lead stretch can be realized with both angle and focus probes will. Finally, the principle also allows the construction of separate transmitter and receiver heads to.

Eine mögliche Ausführung des Widerstands- und Diodennetzwerks zeigt Abb. 3.A possible implementation of the resistor and diode network is shown Fig. 3.

Die Amplitudenbelegung für den Sendefall wird mit den festen Widerständen R5 grob und mit den Potentiometern P5 fein eingestellt. Die Empfangsschwächung geschieht über die Potentiometer Pe; die Festwiderstände Re und die Dioden D dienen zur Entkopplung der Sende- und Empfängerbelegung des jeweiligen Wandlers. Statt einer Schwächung der Empfangssignale kann auch eine Verstärkung der Signale vorgesehen sein.The amplitude assignment for the transmission case is determined by the fixed resistances R5 coarse and finely adjusted with potentiometers P5. The reception is weakened via the potentiometer Pe; the fixed resistors Re and the diodes D are used for decoupling the sender and receiver assignment of the respective converter. Instead of a weakening The received signals can also be amplified.

Abb. 4 zeigt eine Prinzipskizze zu einem Prüfkopf gemaß Anspruch 6.Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a test head according to claim 6.

Bei Ansteuerung einer Untergruppe miteinander gekoppelter winzelwandler stellt sich auf der schallabstrahlenden Fläche (gemeinsame Elektrode) über jedem Einzelrandler eine Teilchenverschiebung auf einer Teilfläche ein, die größer als die Grundfläche des Einzelwandlers ist.When activating a subgroup of coupled transducers is positioned on the sound-emitting surface (common electrode) above each one Single Randler a particle displacement on a partial area that is greater than is the footprint of the single converter.

Diese Teilchenverschiebung entspricht in ihrem Amplitudenverlauf über der Teilfläche einer Anregung wie unter Anspruch 2 geschildert.This particle shift corresponds in its amplitude curve to the partial area of an excitation as described in claim 2.

Claims (6)

Patentansprüche 1. Prüfkopf zur zerstörungsfreien .TerkstofSprüfung mittels Ultraschall, wobei der Ultraschall über einen piezoelektrischen ~Wandler, der mit Dämpfungsmitteln versehen ist, in das zu untersuchende Material eingebracht wird, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß zur Absenkung des Nebenkeulenniveaus der Wandler aus mehreren voneinander entkoppelten Wandlern besteht, die unabhängig voneinander in der Amplitude veränderbar derart angeregt werden, daß in der Mitte der Anordnung der Xf2ndler das Schallsignal am größten ist. Claims 1. Test head for non-destructive testing of materials by means of ultrasound, whereby the ultrasound is transmitted via a piezoelectric transducer, which is provided with damping means, introduced into the material to be examined it is not stated that to lower the sidelobe level the converter consists of several converters that are decoupled from one another and that are independent mutually variable in amplitude are excited in such a way that in the middle the arrangement of the Xf2ndler the sound signal is greatest. 9. Prüfkopf nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß d.ie Wandler in der Mitte etwa 3 - 10 mal stärker als die am Rand der Pnordnung angeregt werden. 9. Test head according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the transducers in the middle are about 3 - 10 times stronger than those at the edge of the Porder can be stimulated. 3. Prüfkopf nach Anspruch 1 d a dur c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e daß die Wandler phasenmäßig so angeregt werden, daß die Hauptkeule aus der Normalen verschwenkbar und/oder fokussierbar ist. 3. Test head according to claim 1 d a dur c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e that the transducers are excited in phase so that the main lobe is out of the normal is pivotable and / or focusable. 4. Prüfkopf nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n nz e i c h n e t, daß das Netzwerk für die Ansteuerung der Wandler so ausgebildet ist, daß die Sende-Belegung von der Empfängerbelegung z.B. durch Dioden getrennt ist. 4. Test head according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n nz e i c h n e t that the network for the control of the converter is designed so that the Send assignment is separated from the receiver assignment e.g. by diodes. 5. Prüfkopf nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 4, d a du r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß der Empfängerteil des Netzwerkes so ausgebildet ist, daß die Empfängersignale in der Mitte verstärkt oder/und die Empfängersignale am Rand der Wandleranordnung geschwächt werden.5. Test head according to claim 1 or claim 4, d a du r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the receiver part of the network is designed so that the receiver signals are amplified in the middle and / or the receiver signals at the edge the transducer arrangement are weakened. 6. Prüfkopf zur zerstörungsfreien Werkstoffprüfung mittels Ultraschall, wobei der Ultraschall über einen piezoelektrischen Wandler, der mit Dämpfungsmitteln versehen ist, in das zu untersuchende Material eingebracht wird, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß zur Absenkung der Nebenkeulenniveaus der Wandler an der Rück- oder Vorderseite in Einzelwandler aufgetrennt ist, die über den Rest des Wandlers miteinander gekoppelt sind und daß von den Einzelwandlern nur eine Gruppe in der Mitte, z.B. 1/3 der Wandler, angeregt werden, so daß das Schallsignal in der Mitte der Anordnung am größten ist.6. Test head for non-destructive material testing using ultrasound, the ultrasound via a piezoelectric transducer with damping means is provided, is introduced into the material to be examined, d a d u r c h g I do not know that the converter is used to lower the sidelobe level is separated into single transducers at the rear or front, which over the rest of the converter are coupled to one another and that of the individual converters only one Group in the middle, e.g. 1/3 of the transducers, are excited so that the sound signal is greatest in the center of the array.
DE19792901231 1979-01-13 1979-01-13 Ultrasonic non-destructive testing head - has composite piezo electric converter decoupled for independent variation reducing side lobes Ceased DE2901231A1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2508324A1 (en) * 1981-06-26 1982-12-31 Thomson Csf Ultrasonic heating appts. for treatment of deep biological tissue - has piezoelectric plate divided into annular radiation zones of equal width divided by grooves
DE3122036A1 (en) * 1981-05-29 1983-01-05 Mannesmann AG, 4000 Düsseldorf TEST HEAD MOUNT FOR SINGLE AND MULTIPLE TEST HEADS
EP0068961A3 (en) * 1981-06-26 1983-02-02 Thomson-Csf Apparatus for the local heating of biological tissue
DE3149732A1 (en) * 1981-12-15 1983-07-21 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Ultrasonic transducer arrangement
FR2523451A2 (en) * 1982-03-19 1983-09-23 Thomson Csf Ultrasonic heating appts. for treatment of deep biological tissue - has piezoelectric plate divided into annular radiation zones of equal width divided by grooves
FR2670898A1 (en) * 1990-12-21 1992-06-26 Framatome Sa DEVICE FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE ULTRASONIC TESTING OF ELONGATE ELEMENTS WITH SUBSTANTIALLY CONSTANT SECTION.
WO2008119748A1 (en) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-09 Ge Inspection Technologies Gmbh Method for controlling an array test head of a device for the ultrasonic testing of an animate or inanimate test object and device for carrying out said method
DE102016115260B3 (en) * 2016-08-17 2018-02-08 Infineon Technologies Ag SOUND WAVE SENSOR

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3122036A1 (en) * 1981-05-29 1983-01-05 Mannesmann AG, 4000 Düsseldorf TEST HEAD MOUNT FOR SINGLE AND MULTIPLE TEST HEADS
FR2508324A1 (en) * 1981-06-26 1982-12-31 Thomson Csf Ultrasonic heating appts. for treatment of deep biological tissue - has piezoelectric plate divided into annular radiation zones of equal width divided by grooves
EP0068961A3 (en) * 1981-06-26 1983-02-02 Thomson-Csf Apparatus for the local heating of biological tissue
DE3149732A1 (en) * 1981-12-15 1983-07-21 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Ultrasonic transducer arrangement
FR2523451A2 (en) * 1982-03-19 1983-09-23 Thomson Csf Ultrasonic heating appts. for treatment of deep biological tissue - has piezoelectric plate divided into annular radiation zones of equal width divided by grooves
FR2670898A1 (en) * 1990-12-21 1992-06-26 Framatome Sa DEVICE FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE ULTRASONIC TESTING OF ELONGATE ELEMENTS WITH SUBSTANTIALLY CONSTANT SECTION.
US5454267A (en) * 1990-12-21 1995-10-03 Framatome Multi-element ultrasonic probe for electronic scanning
WO2008119748A1 (en) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-09 Ge Inspection Technologies Gmbh Method for controlling an array test head of a device for the ultrasonic testing of an animate or inanimate test object and device for carrying out said method
DE102016115260B3 (en) * 2016-08-17 2018-02-08 Infineon Technologies Ag SOUND WAVE SENSOR
US10684163B2 (en) 2016-08-17 2020-06-16 Infineon Technologies Ag Acoustic wave sensor

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