DE29917651U1 - Transmitter and process control system - Google Patents
Transmitter and process control systemInfo
- Publication number
- DE29917651U1 DE29917651U1 DE29917651U DE29917651U DE29917651U1 DE 29917651 U1 DE29917651 U1 DE 29917651U1 DE 29917651 U DE29917651 U DE 29917651U DE 29917651 U DE29917651 U DE 29917651U DE 29917651 U1 DE29917651 U1 DE 29917651U1
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- current signal
- measured value
- measuring transducer
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- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004092 self-diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011269 treatment regimen Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C19/00—Electric signal transmission systems
- G08C19/02—Electric signal transmission systems in which the signal transmitted is magnitude of current or voltage
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D3/00—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups
- G01D3/08—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups with provision for safeguarding the apparatus, e.g. against abnormal operation, against breakdown
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
Description
Meßumformer und ProzeßleitsystemTransmitter and process control system
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Meßumformer, der zur Versorgung mit der zum Betrieb erforderlichen Energie und zur Übertragung eines einen Meßwert darstellenden Stromsignals an zumindest eine Zweidrahtleitung anschließbar ist, sowie ein dazu korrespondierendes Prozeßleitsystem.The invention relates to a measuring transducer which can be connected to at least one two-wire line for supplying the energy required for operation and for transmitting a current signal representing a measured value, as well as to a corresponding process control system.
In der NAMUR-Empfehlung NE 43 vom 18.01.1994 wird vorgeschlagen, zusätzlich zu den eigentlichen Meßwerten auch eine Ausfallinformation über eine analoge 4-20 mA-Schnittstelle eines Meßumformers zu übertragen. Zusätzliche Informationen außerhalb der eigentlichen Meßinformation, z.B. zum Gerätestatus, sind durch den Einsatz von Mikroprozessoren bei Feldgeräten schon weit verbreitet. Bei den Mindestinformationsinhalten von Sensorsystemen in der prozeßnahen Technik wurde die Geräteausfallinformation als unverzichtbarer Bestandteil der Statussignale eines Sensorsystems definiert. Die Verwendung der Ausfallinformation von digitalen Meßumformern mit analogem Ausgangssignal liefert für die Prozeßleittechnik einen wesentlichen Vorteil: Fehler im Meßsystem werden durch die Ausfallinformation frühzeitig signalisiert, so daß in weiterverarbeitenden Systemen die Auswirkungen mittels Ausfallstrategien begrenzt werden können. Die Ausfallinformation kann somit einen erheblichen Beitrag zur Fehlervermeidung liefern. Eine Ausfallinformation wird dann erzeugt, wenn die Meßinformation ungültig oder nicht mehr vorhanden ist. Sie wird bei einer 4-20 mA-Schnittstelle als ein Stromsignal realisiert, das außerhalb des 4-20 mA-Bereichs liegt, der für die Darstellung der Meßwerte vorbehalten ist. Für Justierzwecke, beispielsweise um den Meßbereichsüberlauf sicher zu erkennen, und zur Übertragbarkeit der Dynamik des Meßsignals wird der für Meßwerte zur Verfügung stehende Strombereich auf einen Bereich zwischen 3,8 mA und 20,5 mA erweitert. Ausgangsströme von MeßumformernIn the NAMUR recommendation NE 43 of January 18, 1994, it is proposed that, in addition to the actual measured values, failure information should also be transmitted via an analog 4-20 mA interface of a measuring transducer. Additional information outside of the actual measurement information, e.g. on the device status, is already widespread through the use of microprocessors in field devices. In the minimum information content of sensor systems in process-related technology, device failure information was defined as an indispensable component of the status signals of a sensor system. The use of failure information from digital measuring transducers with an analog output signal provides a significant advantage for process control technology: Errors in the measuring system are signaled early by the failure information, so that the effects in further processing systems can be limited using failure strategies. The failure information can therefore make a significant contribution to error prevention. Failure information is generated when the measurement information is invalid or no longer available. It is implemented with a 4-20 mA interface as a current signal that lies outside the 4-20 mA range reserved for the display of the measured values. For calibration purposes, for example to reliably detect the measuring range overflow, and to transfer the dynamics of the measuring signal, the current range available for measured values is extended to a range between 3.8 mA and 20.5 mA. Output currents of measuring transducers
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außerhalb dieser Grenzen dürfen nicht mehr als Meßwerte interpretiert werden. Damit verbleiben freie Strombereiche, die der Ausfallinformation zugewiesen werden können. Ein nicht oder nicht mehr vorhandenes Feldgerät, ein Leitungsbruch oder ein Wegfall der Hilfsenergie ergibt immer ein Stromsignal von 0 mA, das folglich in einem Prozeßleitsystem als Ausfallinformation zu interpretieren ist. Da Signale immer fehlerbehaftet sind, wurde ein Signalabstand von 0,2 mA festgelegt, so daß Stromsignale mit einer Stromstärke von weniger als 3,6 mA als Ausfallinformation bewertet werden. Zudem wurde der Bereich oberhalb von 21 mA als weiterer Strombereich für die Ausfallinformation festgelegt. Dies dient der Auswählbarkeit einer Möglichkeit in der Projektierung bzw. bei der Inbetriebnahme, um z.B. das geeignete „Fail-Safe"-Verhalten eines Regelkreises herzustellen. Auch kurzzeitige Einbrüche oder Übersteuerungen des Stromsignals über den Meßwerte darstellenden Bereich hinaus könnten fälschlicherweise als Ausfallinformation interpretiert werden. Um dies zu vermeiden wurde festgelegt, daß in einem Prozeßleitsystem, an welches der Meßumformer angeschlossen ist, die Ausfallinformation erst dann als solche erkannt werden soll, wenn sie mindestens 4 Sekunden und mindestens 2 Signalabtastzyklen angestanden ist. Der Geräteentwickler hat nun bei Vorliegen interner Fehler, z.B. „Sensorbruch", durch steuernde Mittel im Feldgerät dafür zu sorgen, daß der Stromausgang auf einen dieser den Ausfall indizierenden Stromwerte gesteuert wird.outside these limits may no longer be interpreted as measured values. This leaves free current ranges that can be assigned to the failure information. A field device that is not or no longer present, a cable break or a loss of auxiliary power always results in a current signal of 0 mA, which must therefore be interpreted as failure information in a process control system. Since signals are always subject to errors, a signal spacing of 0.2 mA was specified, so that current signals with a current of less than 3.6 mA are evaluated as failure information. In addition, the range above 21 mA was specified as a further current range for the failure information. This is used to select an option in the project planning or during commissioning, for example to establish the appropriate "fail-safe" behavior of a control loop. Even short-term drops or overloads of the current signal beyond the range representing the measured values could be incorrectly interpreted as failure information. To avoid this, it was specified that in a process control system to which the measuring transducer is connected, the failure information should only be recognized as such if it has been present for at least 4 seconds and at least 2 signal sampling cycles. In the event of internal errors, e.g. "sensor breakage", the device developer must ensure, by means of control in the field device, that the current output is controlled to one of these current values indicating the failure.
In dem NAMUR-Arbeitsblatt NA 64 vom 17.06.1996 wird die Übertragung weiterer Statusinformationen über zusätzliche Binärausgänge und Übertragung auf getrennten Adern empfohlen. Von Feldgeräten werden neben dem Meßwert drei weitere Informationen benötigt, die Aussagen über ihren Zustand liefern und geeignete Strategien von Anlagenfahrer, Prozeßleitsystem oder Instandhaltung einleiten können: „Ausfall", „Wartungsbedarf" und „Funktionskontrolle". Das „Ausfall-Signal" wird sowohl über die Steuerung des Analogstromes auf eine derIn the NAMUR worksheet NA 64 dated 17.06.1996, the transmission of further status information via additional binary outputs and transmission on separate wires is recommended. In addition to the measured value, field devices require three further pieces of information that provide information about their status and can initiate suitable strategies by the plant operator, process control system or maintenance: "Failure", "Maintenance required" and "Functional check". The "failure signal" is transmitted via the control of the analog current to one of the
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Ausfallwertdarstellungen übertragen, als auch als Binärsignal. Während das Analogsignal zur Verwendung in leittechnischen Anlagen beispielsweise zu einem Einzelregler oder an eine Ein- und Ausgabe-Schnittstelle eines Automatisierungssubsystems verdrahtet wird, werden die Binärsignale zu den Auswerteeinrichtungen zur Unterstützung des Servicetechnikers in der Instandhaltung geführt.Failure value representations are transmitted as well as a binary signal. While the analog signal is wired for use in control systems, for example to an individual controller or to an input and output interface of an automation subsystem, the binary signals are fed to the evaluation devices to support the service technician in maintenance.
Die Information „Ausfall" hat die Bedeutung, daß aufgrund einer Funktionsstörung in einem Feldgerät oder an seiner Peripherie das Meßsignal ungültig ist. Als Beispiele werden ein Fühlerbruch bei einem Temperaturmeßumformer, kein Echo für einen Radarabstandsmeßumformer, eine defekte Lampe in einem Photometer und ein Gasanalysator, der kein Meßgas bekommt, genannt. Als Strategie zur Behandlung eines Ausfalls kann ein Anlagenfahrer den betroffenen Regelkreis auf Hand nehmen, Handanalysen veranlassen, das Prozeßleitsystem die Anlage abfahren oder die Instandhaltung wird vom Anlagenfahrer oder durch eine automatische Signalisierung verständigt. The information "failure" means that the measurement signal is invalid due to a malfunction in a field device or its peripherals. Examples include a sensor break in a temperature transmitter, no echo for a radar distance transmitter, a defective lamp in a photometer and a gas analyzer that is not receiving any measuring gas. As a strategy for dealing with a failure, a plant operator can take over the affected control loop, arrange manual analyses, the process control system can shut down the plant or maintenance can be notified by the plant operator or by an automatic signal.
Die Information „Wartungsbedarf" bedeutet: Das Meßsignal ist zwar noch gültig, aber der sogenannte Abnutzungsvorrat wird demnächst erschöpft sein. Die in dem NAMUR-Arbeitsbiatt 64 angeführten Beispiele sind ein schwaches Echo bei einem Radarabstandsmeßumformer, eine geringe Lampenintensität im Photometer und ein zur Neige gehendes Hilfsreagenz eines Analysators. Als Behandlungsstrategie wird die Instandhaltung vom Anlagenfahrer oder über eine automatische Signalisierung an die Instandhaltungszentrale verständigt.The information "maintenance required" means that the measurement signal is still valid, but the so-called wear reserve will soon be exhausted. The examples given in NAMUR Working Paper 64 are a weak echo in a radar distance measuring transducer, a low lamp intensity in the photometer and a running low auxiliary reagent in an analyzer. As a treatment strategy, maintenance is notified by the plant operator or via an automatic signal to the maintenance center.
Für die Information „Funktionskontrolle" ist als Bedeutung angegeben, daß am Feldgerät gearbeitet wird, das Meßsignal daher vorübergehend ungültig ist. Ein Auslesen von Parametern aus einem digitalen Feldgerät, ein Behälterabgleich bei einem Radarabstandsmeßumformer, eine Kalibrierung eines Gasanalysators und eine Elektrodenreinigung an einem pH-Meßgerät sindThe meaning of the information "Functional check" is that work is being carried out on the field device, and the measurement signal is therefore temporarily invalid. Reading out parameters from a digital field device, adjusting a container on a radar distance measuring transducer, calibrating a gas analyzer and cleaning electrodes on a pH measuring device are
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als Beispiele dafür genannt. Als Strategie zur Fehlerbehandlung kann der Anlagenfahrer den betroffenen Regelkreis auf Hand nehmen, Handanalysen veranlassen oder das Prozeßleitsystem hält die Stellgröße für eine begrenzte Zeit konstant.are given as examples. As a strategy for error handling, the plant operator can take the affected control loop into his hands, initiate manual analyses or the process control system can keep the manipulated variable constant for a limited time.
Mit Ausnahme einer Übertragung der Ausfallinformation über das 0/4-20 mA-Signal gemäß NAMUR-Empfehlung 43 existiert für die Informationen „Ausfall", „Wartungsbedarf" und „Funktionskontrolle" je ein zusätzlicher Signalübertragungsweg zwischen Meßumformer und Prozeßleitsystem. Für die Übertragung dieser Informationen sind somit ein zusätzlicher Verkabelungsaufwand und weitere Schnittstellen im Prozeßleitsystem erforderlich.With the exception of the transmission of failure information via the 0/4-20 mA signal in accordance with NAMUR Recommendation 43, there is an additional signal transmission path between the transmitter and the process control system for the information "failure", "maintenance required" and "function check". The transmission of this information therefore requires additional cabling and additional interfaces in the process control system.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Meßumformer sowie ein dazu korrespondierendes Prozeßleitsystem zu schaffen, die es ermöglichen, über die eigentliche Meßwertübertragung hinausgehende, den Zustand des Meßumformers betreffende Informationen mit geringem Verdrahtungs- und Kommunikationsaufwand zu übertragen.The invention is based on the object of creating a measuring transducer and a corresponding process control system which make it possible to transmit information concerning the state of the measuring transducer with little wiring and communication effort, in addition to the actual transmission of measured values.
Die Erfindung hat den Vorteil, daß für die Übertragung der Informationen „Ausfall" und „Wartungsbedarf" keinerlei zusätzliche Signalleitungen sowie Binärausgänge und Binäreingänge auf der Seite des Meßumformers bzw. des Prozeßleitsystems erforderlich sind. Damit wird sowohl der Verdrahtungsaufwand als auch der Hardware-Aufwand bei den beteiligten Geräten reduziert. Bezüglich der im NAMUR-Arbeitsblatt 64 erwähnten Information „Funktionskontrolle" darf angenommen werden, daß eine Übertragung dieser Information prinzipiell nicht erforderlich ist, da ein Anlagenfahrer vor einer beabsichtigten Funktionskontrolle eines Feldgerätes durch den beteiligten Servicetechniker informiert werden muß und eine Funktionskontrolle nur vorgenommen wird, wenn die Herausnahme des Feldgerätes aus der Anlage zuvor vom Anlagenfahrer gestattet wurde. Der Anlagenfahrer benötigt also keine derartige Information vom Meßumformer, da er bereits ohnehin vom Servicetechniker informiert sein muß. EsThe invention has the advantage that no additional signal lines or binary outputs or binary inputs are required on the side of the measuring transducer or the process control system for transmitting the information "failure" and "maintenance required". This reduces both the wiring effort and the hardware effort for the devices involved. With regard to the information "functional check" mentioned in NAMUR Worksheet 64, it can be assumed that a transmission of this information is not required in principle, since a plant operator must be informed by the service technician involved before an intended functional check of a field device and a functional check is only carried out if the plant operator has previously permitted the field device to be removed from the plant. The plant operator therefore does not need any such information from the measuring transducer, since he must already have been informed by the service technician.
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ist daher völlig ausreichend, wenn ein Meßumformer im Falle einer Funktionskontrolle ein der Information „Ausfall" entsprechendes Stromsignal ausgibt.It is therefore completely sufficient if a measuring transducer outputs a current signal corresponding to the information "failure" in the event of a functional check.
In vorteilhafter Weise kann bei Wartungsbedarf ein Stromsignal ausgegeben werden, das periodisch zwischen einem von einem Meßwert unterscheidbaren und einem einen Meßwert darstellenden Stromsignal wechselt. Aufgrund der periodischen Wiederholung des von einem Meßwert unterscheidbaren Stromsignals ist die Information „Wartungsbedarf" von Störungen auf der Übertragungsleitung unterscheidbar und somit sicher detektierbar. Zudem steht der Meßwert weiterhin mit lediglich kurzen Unterbrechungen zur Verfügung.Advantageously, when maintenance is required, a current signal can be output that periodically changes between a current signal that can be distinguished from a measured value and a current signal that represents a measured value. Due to the periodic repetition of the current signal that can be distinguished from a measured value, the information "maintenance required" can be distinguished from faults on the transmission line and can therefore be reliably detected. In addition, the measured value continues to be available with only short interruptions.
Der bestehende 4-20 mA-Standard für analoge Meßumformerschnittstellen kann in einfacher Weise um eine Übertragung zusätzlicher Diagnoseinformationen erweitert werden, indem ein von einem Meßwert unterscheidbares Stromsignal durch ein Stromsignal von weniger als 3,6 mA oder mehr als 21 mA dargestellt wird, das bei Ausfall langer als 4 Sekunden und bei Wartungsbedarf kürzer als 2 Sekunden ausgegeben wird. Bei „Ausfall" bleibt das Stromsignal auf dem Ausfallpegel. Bei „Wartungsbedarf" kehrt es nach z.B. 2 Sekunden wieder auf den Meßwert zurück und wiederholt nach einer zweckmäßig festzulegenden Zeit diesen Vorgang.The existing 4-20 mA standard for analogue transmitter interfaces can be easily extended to include the transmission of additional diagnostic information by representing a current signal that can be distinguished from a measured value by a current signal of less than 3.6 mA or more than 21 mA, which is output for more than 4 seconds in the event of a failure and for less than 2 seconds in the event of a maintenance requirement. In the event of a "failure", the current signal remains at the failure level. In the event of a "maintenance requirement", it returns to the measured value after e.g. 2 seconds and repeats this process after a time that can be conveniently determined.
Die Erfindung ist sowohl bei Meßumformern mit analogem 4-20 mA-Ausgang als auch bei Meßumformern mit einer Schnittstelle nach dem HART-Protokoll anwendbar. Auch andere Analogausgänge könnten zweckmäßig definiert, werden, für welche die Erfindung geeignet ist.The invention is applicable to measuring transducers with an analog 4-20 mA output as well as to measuring transducers with an interface according to the HART protocol. Other analog outputs for which the invention is suitable could also be appropriately defined.
Anhand der Zeichnung, in der ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt ist, werden im folgenden die Erfindung sowie Ausgestaltungen und Vorteile näher erläutert.The invention as well as its embodiments and advantages are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, in which an embodiment of the invention is shown.
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Ein Meßumformer 1 ist über eine Zweidrahtleitung 2 mit einem Prozeßleitsystem 3 verbunden. Zur Versorgung des Meßumformers 1 mit der zum Betrieb erforderlichen Energie ist im Prozeßleitsystem 3 eine Konstantspannungsquelle 4 vorgesehen, welche eine Spannung U erzeugt. In Reihe zur Konstantspannungsquelle 4 ist ein Widerstand Rv geschaltet, an welchem von einer Auswerteeinheit 5 eine Spannung abgegriffen wird, die aufgrund eines in der Zweidrahtleitung 2 fließenden Schleifenstroms I abfällt. Anhand der Größe dieser Spannung kann die Auswerteeinheit 5 unterscheiden, ob es sich bei dem durch den Meßumformer 1 ausgegebenen Strom um ein Stromsignal handelt, das einen Meßwert darstellt oder nicht. Mit Signalen 6 zeigt die Auswerteeinheit 5 das Ergebnis der Auswertungen an, in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel den durch das Stromsignal dargestellten Meßwert, die Information „Ausfall" oder die Information „Wartungsbedarf". Weitere Schaltungsteile, die beispielsweise zur Einleitung einer Fehlerbehandlungsstrategie, zur Kommunikation oder für eine weitere Verarbeitung der Meßumformersignale im Prozeßleitsystem 3 angeordnet sind, 0 wurden der Übersichtlichkeit wegen nicht dargestellt.A measuring transducer 1 is connected to a process control system 3 via a two-wire line 2. To supply the measuring transducer 1 with the energy required for operation, a constant voltage source 4 is provided in the process control system 3, which generates a voltage U. A resistor Rv is connected in series with the constant voltage source 4, at which a voltage is tapped by an evaluation unit 5, which drops due to a loop current I flowing in the two-wire line 2. Based on the size of this voltage, the evaluation unit 5 can distinguish whether the current output by the measuring transducer 1 is a current signal that represents a measured value or not. The evaluation unit 5 uses signals 6 to display the result of the evaluations, in this embodiment the measured value represented by the current signal, the information "failure" or the information "maintenance required". For the sake of clarity, further circuit components which are arranged, for example, for initiating an error handling strategy, for communication or for further processing of the measuring transducer signals in the process control system 3, 0 have not been shown.
Im Meßumformer 1 wird der Strom I über einen Transistor T, eine Schaltung 8 zur Generierung der Versorgungsspannung des Meßumformers 1 und einen Meßwiderstand Rs geführt. Durch Abgriff einer Spannung Ui am Meßwiderstand Rs wird der Strom I in der Zweidrahtleitung 2 erfaßt und als Istwert an eine Schaltung 9 zur Stromregelung gegeben. Die Schaltung 9 dient zur Einstellung des Stroms I auf einen Sollwert Is, der von einem Mikroprozessor 10 vorgegeben wird. Ein Ausgangssignal 11 der Schaltung 9 ist zur Stromeinstellung auf den Basisanschluß des Transistors T geführt.In the measuring transducer 1, the current I is passed through a transistor T, a circuit 8 for generating the supply voltage of the measuring transducer 1 and a measuring resistor Rs. By tapping a voltage Ui at the measuring resistor Rs, the current I in the two-wire line 2 is detected and passed as an actual value to a circuit 9 for current control. The circuit 9 is used to set the current I to a setpoint Is, which is specified by a microprocessor 10. An output signal 11 of the circuit 9 is passed to the base connection of the transistor T for current adjustment.
Ein Sensor 15 dient zur Wandlung einer durch den Meßumformer 1 zu erfassenden physikalischen Größe 14, beispielsweise eines Drucks, in ein elektrisches Spannungssignal, das über einen durch den Mikroprozessor 10 gesteuerten Multiplexer auf einen A/D-Wandler 13 zur Digitalisierung des MeßwertsA sensor 15 is used to convert a physical quantity 14 to be detected by the measuring transducer 1, for example a pressure, into an electrical voltage signal, which is transmitted via a multiplexer controlled by the microprocessor 10 to an A/D converter 13 for digitizing the measured value.
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geleitet werden kann. Im „Gut"-Zustand stellt der Mikroprozessor 10 mit einem Analogausgang den Sollwert Is für die Schaltung 9 derart ein, daß der Strom I in der Zweidrahtleitung 2 dem mit dem Sensor 15 erfaßten Wert der physikalischen Größe 14 entspricht. Zur Darstellung des Meßwerts wird der 4-20 mA-Standard verwendet. Mit einem Temperaturfühler 20, der ebenfalls auf einen Eingang des Multiplexers 12 geführt ist, wird die Temperatur des Meßumformers 1 erfaßt. Der Mikroprozessor 10 überwacht zur Selbstdiagnose die Temperatur auf Einhalten einer zulässigen Betriebstemperatur. Wird diese überschritten, so kann der Meßumformer 1 den Meßwert der physikalischen Größe 14 nicht mehr mit ausreichender Genauigkeit ermitteln und fällt somit aus. Durch statisches Ausgeben eines von einem Meßwert unterscheidbaren Stromsignals, hier durch das statische Ausgeben eines Stroms I von 22 mA, wird die Information „Ausfall" an das Prozeßleitsystem 3 übertragen. Nach Absinken der Temperatur in den zulässigen Bereich werden erneut Stromsignale ausgegeben, welche den aktuell erfaßten Meßwert darstellen.can be conducted. In the "good" state, the microprocessor 10 uses an analog output to set the setpoint Is for the circuit 9 in such a way that the current I in the two-wire line 2 corresponds to the value of the physical quantity 14 recorded by the sensor 15. The 4-20 mA standard is used to display the measured value. The temperature of the measuring transducer 1 is recorded using a temperature sensor 20, which is also connected to an input of the multiplexer 12. For self-diagnosis, the microprocessor 10 monitors the temperature to ensure that a permissible operating temperature is maintained. If this is exceeded, the measuring transducer 1 can no longer determine the measured value of the physical quantity 14 with sufficient accuracy and thus fails. By statically outputting a current signal that can be distinguished from a measured value, here by statically outputting a current I of 22 mA, the information "failure" is transmitted to the process control system 3. Once the temperature has dropped to the permissible range, current signals are again output, representing the currently recorded measured value.
Hatte die Temperatur dagegen den zulässigen Bereich in erheblichem Maße überschritten, so daß mit bleibenden Schäden des Meßumformers 1 gerechnet werden muß, wird eine Wartung des Meßumformers 1 erforderlich. Die Information „Wartungsbedarf"" wird vom Meßumformer 1 an das Prozeßleitsystem 3 über die Zweidrahtleitung 2 übertragen, indem der Meßumformer 1 ein Stromsignal I einstellt, das periodisch zwischen der Stromstärke 22 mA und einem dem aktuellen Meßwert der physikalischen Größe 14 entsprechenden Stromsignal wechselt. Dabei wird jeweils für eine Zeitdauer von einer Sekunde der Wert 22 mA und für eine Zeitdauer von 59 Sekunden der aktuelle Meßwert als Stromsignal ausgegeben. Die Periodendauer beträgt somit 60 Sekunden.If, however, the temperature has exceeded the permissible range to a considerable extent, so that permanent damage to the measuring transducer 1 must be expected, maintenance of the measuring transducer 1 is required. The information "maintenance required" is transmitted from the measuring transducer 1 to the process control system 3 via the two-wire line 2 by the measuring transducer 1 setting a current signal I that periodically changes between the current strength 22 mA and a current signal corresponding to the current measured value of the physical quantity 14. The value 22 mA is output as a current signal for a period of one second and the current measured value is output as a current signal for a period of 59 seconds. The period is therefore 60 seconds.
Prinzipiell könnte durch Vorgabe verschiedener Zeitdauern für die Ausgabe des 22 mA-Signals und durch entsprechende Detektion mit der Auswerteeinheit 5 in dem Prozeßleitsystem 3 zusätzlich beispielsweise die Information „Funktions-In principle, by specifying different time periods for the output of the 22 mA signal and by corresponding detection with the evaluation unit 5 in the process control system 3, the information "functional
GR 99 G 4435 DEGR 99 G 4435 DE
kontrolle" erzeugt und über dieselbe Zweidrahtleitung 2 übertragen werden. Wie bereits oben erläutert, ist eine Übertragung der Information „Funktionskontrolle" jedoch nicht zwingend erforderlich. Es sind jedoch weitere Geräte- und Meßwert/Kennwert-Zustandsmeldungen vorstellbar, beispielsweise „Ausfall-Vorwarnung", die zweckmäßigerweise übertragen werden könnten.control" and transmitted via the same two-wire line 2. As already explained above, transmission of the "functional control" information is not absolutely necessary. However, other device and measured value/characteristic value status messages are conceivable, for example "failure pre-warning", which could expediently be transmitted.
Die Abtastraten üblicherweise verwendeter Auswerteeinheiten betragen etwa 0,05 bis 0,2 Sekunden, so daß mehrere Abtastungen des Stromsignals während einer Zeitdauer von einer Sekunde erfolgen und somit eine Detektion des 22 mA-Stromsignals für die Übertragung der Information „Wartungsbedarf" sichergestellt ist.
15The sampling rates of commonly used evaluation units are approximately 0.05 to 0.2 seconds, so that several samples of the current signal are taken during a period of one second, thus ensuring detection of the 22 mA current signal for the transmission of the "maintenance required" information.
15
Nach erfolgter Durchführung der Wartungsarbeiten durch einen Servicetechniker kann das Programm des Mikroprozessors 10 wieder rückgesetzt werden, so daß der Meßumformer 1 bei Einhalten der zulässigen Betriebstemperatur erneut ein den aktuellen Meßwert darstellendes Stromsignal I ausgibt.After the maintenance work has been carried out by a service technician, the program of the microprocessor 10 can be reset so that the measuring transducer 1 again outputs a current signal I representing the current measured value when the permissible operating temperature is maintained.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE29917651U DE29917651U1 (en) | 1999-10-07 | 1999-10-07 | Transmitter and process control system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE29917651U DE29917651U1 (en) | 1999-10-07 | 1999-10-07 | Transmitter and process control system |
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|---|---|
| DE29917651U1 true DE29917651U1 (en) | 2000-11-09 |
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| DE29917651U Expired - Lifetime DE29917651U1 (en) | 1999-10-07 | 1999-10-07 | Transmitter and process control system |
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