DE29813282U1 - Filter system for dust and pollutants - Google Patents

Description

mkl2/98

Martin Kloeber. Oberrödeler Str. 14 .91180 Heideck

Hans Schmidler. Oberrödeler Str. 28, 91180 Heideck Rudolf Schmidler. Oberrödeler Str. 26. 91180 Heideck

Filter system for dust and pollutants

The invention relates to a filter system for dust and pollutants according to the preamble of claim 1. By moistening the dust in a rotating chamber and spinning off dust-containing liquid droplets into a filtering and separation from the liquid in a rotating chamber with the aid of centrifugal force, dust and pollutants are removed from the air.

DE Patent 294 685 describes a vacuum cleaner with a liquid filter in which the air passes over a water surface. The air is sprayed or the water is whirled up, but there is no intensive contact between the air and the water, and pollutant separation is not provided for.

EP 0 002 402 describes a vacuum cleaner with a double filter. Here the air passes through a spray device, but without turbulent intensive mixing, and then through a water bath. The separation of the water via baffles is not complete, the flow resistance is high, and pollutant separation is not provided.

GM 91 05 213.0 describes a vacuum cleaner in which the air first passes through a coarse filter, then a Venturi washer, which is supplied with air by the vacuum cleaner fan and water by a pump. The water is separated from the air in a cyclone separator. The droplet size is relatively large, so the dust binding efficiency is low. The water separation in the cyclone consumes a relatively large amount of the suction energy and is not complete; pollutant separation is not provided.

EP 0 768 058 A2 presents a household cleaning device in which a Venturi tube is housed in a box, which is supplied with air by a second air flow (bypass) of the vacuum cleaner fan or by a separate fan, whereby water is drawn from a tank and sprayed into a chamber, which binds the dust. The water separation consumes a lot of energy, there is a risk of the passage becoming blocked, which means that a relatively large amount of suction energy is lost, and there is no provision for the separation of pollutants.

The object of the invention is to propose a cost-effective filter system for dust and pollutants, which also removes extremely fine dust such as pollen, spores, bacteria, dust mites, mite excrement and dust, viruses, tobacco dust, toner, etc., but also liquid, vaporous and solid pollutants such as ζ β, solvents, formaldehyde and asbestos from the air. It should be adaptable to normal household vacuum cleaners.

The invention solves these problems according to the characterizing features of claim 1.

Further developments of the invention can be found in the subclaims.

The essential feature of the invention is that the filter system for dust and pollutants can be driven by the air flow of an external fan such as a conventional suction fan, so that no separate power connection is required, that pollutants can be filtered out in addition to dust and fine dust such as pollen, spores, bacteria, dust mites, mite droppings and dust, viruses, tobacco dust, toner, etc., that a triple and therefore safe wetting of the dust and solid pollutants can take place, and that the filtering and separation of the cleaned air from the contaminated liquid is supported by centrifugal force with very little energy expenditure. It is also very inexpensive to manufacture.

The separate filter system, which is decoupled from the fan, minimizes the risk of a short circuit if water accidentally leaks out.
By coupling the filter system to a suitable blower, an air filter system is created. The filter system for dust and pollutants can be adapted to existing vacuum cleaners that only have dry filters.

Especially for allergy sufferers, the effectiveness of dry filter systems is not

sufficient because even the smallest concentrations of fine dust can cause health problems.

Furthermore, the system is suitable as a filter system for gaseous liquid and solid pollutants, such as solvent vapors, formaldehyde, asbestos and other harmful dusts, which can occur again and again in private households, e.g. when painting windows, doors or household furniture, when laying carpets, when operating night storage heaters, etc.
The dust and pollutant filter system according to the invention removes dust by wetting and precipitating it with liquid, preferably with water.

Another advantage is the efficiency of separating the dirty water containing dust and pollutants from the air flow, achieved with little energy, as well as the independence from a power supply, which makes it easier to retrofit household vacuum cleaners, as the system can be driven by the air flow to be filtered. But it is also possible to drive the chamber with a conventional motor and atomize water using a compressor.

By generating turbulence and countercurrents by means of a mechanical, rapidly rotating atomizer and turbulence generator in the rotating filter chamber driven by the filter chamber, the wetting of the dust particles and solid pollutants is additionally improved.

It has proven to be advantageous if the inner rotors are fed with pre-atomized water via nozzles, because in conjunction with turbine-like rotors this results in very intensive wetting of the dust particles.

The liquid droplets enter a rotating, permeable liquid collection layer that radially surrounds the rotating filter chamber and is connected to it and has a large inner surface. Any dust particles that may not be wetted by the liquid as a result of spraying are captured and bound by the liquid in the rotating liquid collection layer at the latest. In this preferred embodiment, triple wetting of the dust is provided, which means that the wetting reliability and thus the efficiency are very high.
In this layer, the tiny dust-laden droplets merge again to form drops or a liquid stream that reaches the outer surface through centrifugal forces.

In a further filter layer, which preferably consists of activated carbon, solvent vapors and other gaseous pollutants are bound and retained. Filtering of gaseous pollutants is also possible in static operation. The filter bed for gaseous pollutants can also be integrated into the air flow before or after the dust particles have been separated. Operation with just one or several filter or liquid collection layers is also possible, whereby the arrangement of the layers can also be reversed, i.e. the pollutant-binding layer can also be arranged on the inside. The wall of the rotating chamber can also be designed as a filter and liquid collection layer. Even in dry operation, i.e.

Without introducing a liquid, the system is suitable for removing gaseous pollutants from the air, e.g. solvent vapors. Both the chamber and the inner wall of the housing can be covered with water-repellent plastic such as a fluoropolymer or a polyolefin, which allows the water to collect and drain away more quickly.

The penetration and filter resistance of the filter media is at least partially compensated by the rapid rotation of the chamber and the resulting centrifugal forces acting on the water. The dust-laden droplets are thrown off the outer surface of the filter chamber by the centrifugal force, separating them from the now dust-free air. The dust-free air leaves the filter and separation system without any significant resistance. The dust-laden droplets collect in a housing lined with water-repellent material that surrounds the filter chamber and from there flow through water-repellent material into a closed collection vessel. This can be easily emptied. However, the liquid can also be operated in a circuit. For this purpose, a filter or a settling vessel and a pump are attached to a hose or pipe between the storage vessel and the collection vessel. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the dust and solid pollutants are wetted and bound on the surface of brass balls sintered together to form a permeable cylinder. A large surface area is created by repeatedly redirecting the air flow within the sintered material. Due to the inertia of the particles, they reach the parts of the sintered body that are surrounded by liquid and are caught by the liquid. The sintered body is flushed out by a constant flow of air and liquid.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings 1 to 5. It shows:

Figure 1 shows a cross section through a filter system for dust and

Pollutants

Figure 2 shows in detail a cross section through a particularly

preferred form of an atomizing and turbulence generating rotor in a housing.
Figure 3 shows a section through a housing with a chamber and

a rotor.
Figure 4 a section through a housing with a rotor

Figure 5 shows a section through the air inlet area with a

Impeller, and the upper part of a filter system for dust and pollutants.

Figure 6 a partial section through a filter system for dust

and pollutants with a single-walled chamber.

Figure 1 shows a section through a filter system for dust and pollutants in a housing 1 which has an air inlet area 2 and several air outlet openings 3, as well as a liquid drain 4. An air flow 6 passes through the air inlet pipe 5 which opens tangentially into the housing 1 and is connected to a fan (not shown), preferably a vacuum cleaner fan, by an air-conducting connection (not shown), to the blades 8 which are attached radially to a core 7 and arranged about the axis C-C. Together with the core 7 and the air wheel wall 46, these form an impeller 9 which is set in a rotary motion by the pressure of the air flow 6. The core 7 of the air wheel contains a central through-bore 54 (Fig. 4) which accommodates the supply line 28 for the liquid 65. The conical air wheel wall 46 of the impeller 9, which has partial openings 47 all around in the lower area, which are covered with filter material 48, prevent introduced liquid 33 from remaining in the impeller due to centrifugal force, or from leaving the housing 1 unfiltered. Liquid that exits from the filter 48 is spun off and runs into the liquid collector 37 within the ribbed profile 40, which serves as a spacer for the liquid collecting layer 35. The impeller 9 is provided with a cover ring 10, which is open to the inside in the middle area 11, and in the outer area 12 the gaps 13, 39 of the walls 14, 15, 16 up to close to the housing 1.

covers, connected. On the impeller 9 there are also inclined air blades 18 which extend into the chamber 17 and rest against the inner wall 14 of the chamber 17. The walls 14, 15, 16 contain radially distributed passages 52 for air, liquid and dust. The air flow 6 passes through the free space between the blades 8 onto the inclined air blades 18 and exerts additional pressure on them, which is added to that generated by the air blades 18. This causes the chamber 17 to rotate, which is made up of the base part 19, the walls 14, 15, 16 connected to it, and the chamber core 25, which is also connected to the base part, as well as the outer rotor 20. An internal gear ring 27 is arranged in the chamber core 25, which drives the inner rotors 24 via a gear system 26, which is attached to the chamber carrier 22. The gear system 26 and the inner rotors 24 are mounted on bearings (not shown), preferably ball or needle bearings. The inner rotors 24 connected to the gear system, as well as the outer rotor 20, rotate in opposite directions, with the inner rotors rotating at one to one hundred times the speed of the outer rotor 20. The chamber 17 is supported and guided by one or more bearings 21, preferably ball bearings or needle bearings, which are connected to the chamber carrier 22, which is fastened in the housing 1.

One or more spray nozzles 23 are arranged on the housing 1 in the area of the air inlet 2, which spray liquid, preferably water, in preferably finely distributed form into the air stream 6. The dust contained in the air is moistened and thus bound. The air stream 6 with the sprayed liquid reaches the chamber 17 via the wings 8 and the air scoops 18, where it hits the inner rotors 24. Supply lines 28 lead to the inner rotors 24, by means of which water is brought into the inner rotors 24, where it is atomized by a high number of revolutions of the inner rotors 24 and the resulting centrifugal forces 31 and shear forces. This makes the wetting of all dust and pollutant particles even more reliable. The wetting of the dust and pollutant particles is further supported by the turbulence generated during the rotation of the inner rotors 24 and the outer rotor 20, which brings the liquid particles into contact with the dust and pollutant particles more quickly and reliably.
Due to the pressure of the incoming air 6 and the centrifugal forces 31 caused by the rotation of the chamber 17, air 6, dust and pollutants pass through the wall 14 into the intermediate space 13, in which

Filter and liquid collection mats 32* are arranged around the entire circumference. These absorb the liquid with the dust particles contained therein, hold back coarse dust and transfer the liquid with the fine dust and solid pollutants contained therein through the wall 15 into the intermediate space 39, which is filled with activated carbon 34 around the entire circumference.

The dust and pollutant particles are wetted in the filter and liquid collection mats 32 at the latest due to the large surface area in the material. The triple wetting security ensures an extremely high level of efficiency. The filter layer made of activated carbon 34 in the intermediate space 39 is preferably housed in an air-permeable fabric bag. As it passes through, it absorbs liquid and vaporous pollutants such as ζ β, solvents and formaldehyde and holds them back. Once the activated carbon 34 is saturated with pollutants, the bag can be removed and disposed of in a controlled manner. However, the gaseous pollutants can also be filtered in static operation. The filter bed for gaseous pollutants can also be integrated into the air flow before or after the dust particles have been separated. Other materials with a large specific surface area, as known from filter technology, are also suitable as filter material.
Fine dust such as pollen, spores, bacteria, dust mites, mite droppings and dust, viruses, tobacco dust, toner, but also asbestos, etc., which penetrates the filter layer 34, remains bound in the liquid, is thrown off with it in the form of drops by centrifugal force after penetrating the wall 16 and is absorbed by the liquid collection layer 35 attached to the housing 1, which is attached to the housing 1 at a distance from the wall of the housing 1 by a ribbed profile 40. Due to the cohesive force of the water, the pronounced adsorbing properties of the liquid collection layer 35, the water 33 is transported into the interior of the liquid collection layer 35 and, due to gravity, reaches the liquid collector 37, which is designed as a circumferential ring.

From here it flows through the liquid drain 4 into the collection vessel (not shown).

The surfaces of the walls 13, 14, 15, and the inner surface of the housing 1, as well as the rib-shaped profile 40, are coated with a water-repellent material, e.g. with a fluoropolymer or a polyolefin, in order to improve the collection of the liquid droplets.

·

The filter elements 32, 34 and the liquid collecting layer 3*5 are easily accessible for replacement by removing the cover 36 of the housing 1, removing the impeller 9 and the cover ring 10. These components are advantageously attached by means of easily detachable connections such as plug connections and bayonet locks.

Figure 2 shows a cross section through part of a housing 1 with air outlet openings 3, a liquid collector 37 and a particularly preferred rotating mechanical atomizer 100 which generates counterflow and turbulence. This is attached to the chamber core 25 in the housing 1 and is driven by the chamber 17 through the chamber core 25. It consists of an inner, turbine-like rotor 42 with inclined blades, which is connected to the gear 26, and the outer rotor 43, which has suction openings 44 distributed around the circumference.

Approximately at the level of the intake openings 44 are the ends of pipes 50 through which liquid, preferably in pre-atomized form, is sprayed to the intake openings 44. The outer rotor 43 is connected to the base part 19 by the chamber core 25. An internal gear ring 27 which is mounted in the chamber core 25 and a system of gears 26 which is arranged on the chamber support 22 drive the inner rotor 42. The chamber core 25, with the base part 19 connected to it and the chamber 17 located thereon, is supported and guided by a bearing 21 mounted in the chamber core 25 and on the chamber support 22. Due to the rapid rotation of the rotor 42, dust, air and liquid are sucked in through the intake openings 44, intensively swirled by the rotor 42 and expelled against the main air flow 6. The liquid 33 atomized by the rotor 42 in conjunction with the counterflow generated and the resulting turbulence lead to an effective humidification of the dust. Liquid is sucked in through the spray nozzles 45 directed at the rotor 43, which is further atomized by the rotor 42 and distributed in the chamber 17 (Figure 1) by the flows and turbulence generated by the rotor 42, whereby the dust particles are intensively moistened. The liquid is separated from the air in the housing 1 by the chamber 17.

Figure 3 shows a section A -A according to Fig. 1 through a preferred embodiment of a dust and pollutant filter. In a housing 1, a

Liquid collection layer 35, attached to the inner wall of the housing 1 at a distance by fastening elements 38. A mechanical atomizer 100 is installed in the center of the chamber 17. It consists of a toothed outer rotor 43 that runs with the chamber and is attached to the chamber core 25 (Fig. 1). In the outer rotor 43 there is an inner rotor 51 that rotates quickly in the opposite direction at a short distance. This is driven by the rotating chamber 17 via a gear system (not shown) on the chamber carrier 22 and an inner gear ring 27 in the chamber core 25. A fleece 57 and a cushion 56 filled with activated carbon are arranged between the chamber walls 14, 15, 16. In the center of the inner rotor 51 there is a liquid supply line 28 through which water enters the rotor 51, which is atomized by impact and shearing in the rotors 43, 51. The mist generated by the rotors 43, 51 as well as the turbulence and currents additionally moisten the dust in the chamber 17. The inflowing air and the centrifugal force bring moisture, dust, pollutants and air into the moisture collecting layer made of fleece 57, so that the dust particles are wetted here at the latest. Coarse dust particles are retained here, air, liquid and fine dust penetrate the fleece 57 and reach the activated carbon layer 56, in which liquid and vaporous pollutants are retained. After penetrating the outer wall 16, the liquid, which also contains fine dust, is thrown in droplet form into the liquid collection layer 35, by which it is absorbed and flows via the liquid collector 37 (Fig. 1) (not shown) through the liquid drain 4 (Fig. 1) into the collection vessel (not shown).

Figure 4 shows a further preferred embodiment of a dust and pollutant filter according to the invention. It shows a cross section through a housing 1 with an air inlet pipe 5 attached tangentially to the side of the housing, an indicated air path 6, the top view of an impeller with a core 7, which contains a central opening 54 for a liquid supply line (not shown), and the blades 8 attached to it. A cover ring 10, which covers the underlying chamber walls 14, 15, 16 and extends from the inner chamber wall 14 to the ends of the blades 8 close to the housing 1, and the air blades 18 attached to it, which are inclined on the inner chamber wall 14

10 *

protrude inwards into the chamber 17, as well as a housing with a ribbed profile 40 located under the cover ring 10 and leading into the liquid collector 37 (not shown).

Figure 5 shows another particularly preferred embodiment of an example according to the invention. It shows a section through the upper region of a housing 1 with an air inlet pipe 5 which is attached to the cover 63 tangentially to the cross section of the round housing 1 and which has several thin openings 45 arranged around the circumference for injecting liquid. These are arranged in such a way that the liquid is sprayed at right angles to the air flow 6 in the direction of the center of the air flow 6, is entrained by the air flow and is finely atomized. A liquid inlet pipe 58 is also provided with a liquid distributor 59 arranged around the air inlet pipe 5. An impeller 49 is connected to the chamber 17 via the blades 8, the air vanes 18 and the cover ring 10. The edge 46 running around the impeller 49 is attached to the ends of the blades 8, is conical and contains partial openings 47 in the lower area all around, which are covered with a filter 48. The filter 48 consists of a tightly braided, permeable, soft fabric hose attached around the circumference of the impeller 49, which is filled with filter material. The openings 47 covered by the filter 48 prevent liquid 33 from remaining in the impeller or from entering the housing 1 unfiltered. Liquid that exits the filter 48 is spun off and reaches the liquid collector 37 (not shown) between the ribbed profile 40 of the housing 1. The air with dust and pollutants as well as the atomized liquid 33 reach the rotating chamber 17 via the impeller 49 and the air blades 18 after the chamber 17 is accelerated. There it is generated by a mechanical atomizer 100 (Fig. 2) of the currents and turbulences and the air and dust are additionally humidified, strongly swirled, so that the humidification of the dust is supplemented again.

The air with the moistened dust and the pollutants enter the filter layer 61, which contains activated carbon, which binds the gaseous pollutants. Then the dust, air and solid pollutants enter the filter layer 62, which is made of a nonwoven fabric, where the dust is moistened again by contact with the filter material. After penetrating the layer 62, the moisture, the dust bound therein and the solid

Pollutants are separated from the purified air by being thrown off the wallM6 of the rotating*chamber 17 into the separating ribs 40 in the housing 1.

Figure 6 shows a particularly maintenance-friendly form of a filter for dust and pollutants in section. The air flow 6 to be cleaned enters the rotating chamber 17, which is driven by the air 6 via an air wheel 9 and has a single wall. The wall 67 of the chamber 17 consists of metal balls which are sintered to form a stable but permeable body. To prevent dust from settling, the surface of the sintered particles, which can also have channels in them, is smooth. Arranged centrally in the chamber 17 is a supply line 68 for liquid with three rows of nozzles 69 offset by 120 degrees, through which liquid 33 is brought to the inside of the chamber. Due to the smooth surface of the particles that make up the chamber wall 67 and the centrifugal force that is created by the rotation of the chamber 17, the liquid is distributed over the entire particle surface of the chamber wall 67. As the air 6 with the dust particles and moisture passes through the channels in and between the smooth particles of the chamber wall 67, the air flow is deflected several times on the inner surface of the chamber wall 67. Since the dust and pollutant particles are deflected from their trajectory less than air due to mass inertia, they hit the inner surface of the chamber wall 67. There they are caught by the liquid 33 that washes around the particles of the chamber wall 67, so that the dust is wetted. The channels in the chamber wall 67 are flushed out by incoming air 6 and liquid 33. The liquid 33 and the dust bound therein are thrown off the outer surface of the rotating chamber wall 67. It is collected by the slats 40 arranged in the housing 1 and runs between the slats 40 of the housing 1 into the liquid collector 37 and further into the liquid drain 4. A static filter 70 made of activated carbon for vaporous and gaseous pollutants is provided at the air outlet 3 of the housing.

Claims (37)

1. Filter system for dust and pollutants for removing dust and pollutants from air and liquid, in which a fan brings the air to be cleaned into the filter system for dust and pollutants to humidify the dust, characterized by 1. a connection ( 5 ) leading tangentially into the housing ( 1 ) for the air to be cleaned ( 6 ) 2. one or more openings ( 23 ), ( 45 ), ( 54 ), ( 55 ) in the housing ( 1 ) for the access of liquid ( 33 ) 3. a liquid which is introduced into the chamber ( 17 ), 4. a mechanical atomizer ( 100 ) in the chamber for distributing liquid and generating turbulence ( 29 ) 5. Passages ( 52 ) or channels distributed around the circumference of the chamber ( 17 ), 6. openings ( 55 ) in the axis of rotation of the chamber, 7. a surface of the chamber ( 17 ) which wets dust particles with liquid 8. an axis around which the chamber ( 17 ) rotates, 9. a medium ( 14 ), ( 15 ), ( 16 ), ( 32 ), ( 34 ), ( 54 ), ( 56 ), ( 61 ), ( 62 ) which is arranged in the permeable region of the chamber ( 17 ), 10. a medium ( 14 ), ( 15 ), ( 16 ), ( 32 ), ( 34 ), ( 54 ), ( 56 ), ( 61 ), ( 62 ) which collects and concentrates liquid, 11. a medium ( 14 ), ( 15 ), ( 16 ), ( 32 ), ( 34 ), ( 54 ), ( 56 ), ( 61 ), ( 62 ) which retains coarse dust or pollutants, 12. a medium ( 14 ), ( 15 ), ( 16 ), ( 32 ), ( 34 ), ( 54 ), ( 56 ), ( 61 ), ( 62 ) which wets dust and solid pollutants with liquid, 13. a wall ( 16 ) of the rotating chamber ( 17 ) which separates air ( 6 ) from the liquid ( 33 ) by centrifugation, 14. an inner wall of the housing ( 1 ) which collects the liquid with the dust particles bound therein, 15. a filter on the inner wall of the housing ( 1 ), which collects the liquid with the dust particles bound therein, 16. a housing ( 1 ) which surrounds the rotating chamber ( 17 ) and has at least one air inlet ( 2 ) and at least one air outlet ( 3 ). 2. Filter system for dust and pollutants according to claim 1, characterized by a rotatable chamber ( 17 ) into which dust and pollutants are introduced. 3. Filter system for dust and pollutants, according to claim 1, characterized by liquid ( 33 ) which is introduced into the chamber ( 17 ). 4. Filter system for dust and pollutants, according to claim 3, characterized by liquid ( 33 ) which is introduced into the chamber ( 17 ) in atomized or sprayed form. 5. Filter system for dust and pollutants, according to claim 1, characterized by a plurality of thin jet openings ( 45 ) arranged in the wall of the air inlet pipe ( 5 ), which are directed towards the central axis of the pipe and introduce liquid ( 33 ) perpendicular to the flow direction into the air stream ( 6 ), which liquid is atomized by the air stream ( 6 ). 6. Filter system for dust and pollutants, according to claim 1, characterized by one or more nozzles ( 23 ) ( 45 ) arranged on the housing ( 1 ) in the region of the air inlet ( 2 ), through which liquid ( 33 ) is introduced. 7. Filter system for dust and pollutants, according to claim 1, characterized by one or more nozzles ( 69 ) which apply liquid ( 33 ) to the inside of the chamber wall. 8. Filter system for dust and pollutants according to claim 1, characterized by one or more mechanical atomizers ( 100 ) arranged in the chamber ( 17 ), which consist of one or more rotor-stator systems, or a system of counter-rotating or differently rotating rotors, propellers, turbines, air wheels or tubular bodies made of porous material. 9. Filter system for dust and pollutants according to claim 8, characterized by gear rings ( 27 ), gear wheels ( 26 ), V-belts, toothed belts or planetary gears which drive the mechanical atomizer ( 100 ) through the rotating chamber ( 17 ). 10. Filter system for dust and pollutants according to claim 1, characterized by turbines, wings ( 8 ), air blades ( 18 ), air wheels ( 9 , 49 , 64 ), paddle wheels, air guiding devices or propellers, which cause the chamber ( 17 ) to rotate by means of an air flow ( 6 ). 11. Filter system for dust and pollutants according to claim 1, characterized by a motor which causes the chamber ( 17 ) to rotate. 12. Filter system for dust and pollutants according to claim 9, characterized by a chamber ( 17 ) which is set in rotation by the air flow ( 6 ) to be filtered. 13. Filter system for dust and pollutants according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate spaces ( 13 ), ( 39 ), of the chamber ( 17 ) are closed by a cover ring ( 10 ) connected to it. 14. Filter system for dust and pollutants according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that an impeller ( 9 ), ( 49 ), ( 64 ) is non-positively connected to the chamber ( 17 ), 15. Filter system for dust and pollutants according to claim 1, characterized in that air blades ( 18 ) connected to the impeller ( 9 ), ( 49 ), ( 64 ) project obliquely into the chamber ( 17 ). 16. Filter system for dust and pollutants according to claim 14, characterized in that the impeller ( 9 ), ( 49 ) has a wall ( 46 ) extending around the circumference. 17. Filter system for dust and pollutants according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotating chamber ( 17 ) is designed with a single wall. 18. Filter system for dust and pollutants according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotating chamber ( 17 ) is designed with multiple walls. 19. Filter system for dust and pollutants according to claim 1, characterized in that the walls ( 14 ), ( 15 ), ( 16 ), ( 67 ) of the rotating chamber ( 17 ) are made of particles which are glued, pressed or sintered together. 20. Filter system for dust and pollutants according to claim 1, characterized in that the walls ( 14 ), ( 15 ), ( 16 ), ( 67 ) of the rotating chamber ( 17 ) consist of plastic, glass, ceramic, composite material or metal. 21. Filter system for dust and pollutants according to claim 1, characterized in that the walls ( 14 ), ( 15 ), ( 16 ), ( 67 ) of the rotating chamber ( 17 ) are at least partially permeable to dust, pollutants, air and water. 22. Filter system for dust and pollutants according to claim 1, characterized in that a medium ( 32 ), ( 34 ), ( 56 ), ( 57 ), ( 61 ), ( 62 ) for receiving, concentrating and filtering the liquid and for wetting the not yet moistened dust is arranged between the walls ( 14 ), ( 15 ), ( 16 ). 23. Filter system for dust and pollutants according to claim 1, characterized in that the walls ( 14 ), ( 15 ), ( 16 ), ( 67 ) are designed as a medium ( 32 ), ( 34 ), ( 56 ), ( 57 ), ( 61 ), ( 62 ) for concentrating and filtering the liquid and for wetting the dust which has not yet been moistened. 24. Filter system for dust and pollutants according to claims 22 and 23, characterized in that the medium ( 32 ), ( 34 ), ( 56 ), ( 57 ), ( 61 ), ( 62 ) has a fibrous, granular, porous or sintered structure. 25. Filter system for dust and pollutants according to claim 22, characterized in that the medium ( 32 ), ( 57 ), ( 62 ) has a fleece, cotton wool or textile-like structure. 26. Filter system for dust and pollutants according to claim 1, characterized in that a medium ( 34 ), ( 56 ), ( 61 ) for retaining pollutants is arranged between the walls ( 14 ), ( 15 ), ( 16 ) of the rotating chamber. 27. Filter system for dust and pollutants according to claim 1, characterized in that a medium ( 34 ), ( 56 ), ( 61 ) for retaining pollutants in the air path is arranged before the air inlet ( 2 ) and after the air outlet ( 3 ). 28. Filter system for dust and pollutants according to claim 27, characterized in that the medium ( 34 ), ( 56 ), ( 61 ) consists of material known from filter technology. 29. Filter system for dust and pollutants according to claim 27, characterized in that the medium ( 34 ), ( 56 ), ( 61 ) consists of carbon, aluminum oxide or silicon dioxide with a specific surface area which is larger than 1 m ² /g. 30. Filter system for dust and pollutants according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotating chamber ( 17 ) and the housing ( 1 ) are coated with water-repellent material. 31. Filter system for dust and pollutants according to claim 30, characterized in that the water-repellent material is a plastic. 32. Filter system for dust and pollutants according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing ( 1 ) is provided on the inside with water drainage grooves or slats ( 40 ). 33. Filter system for dust and pollutants according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner wall of the housing ( 1 ) is lined with material which absorbs liquid. 34. Filter system for dust and pollutants according to claim 33, characterized in that the lining of the inner wall consists of compacted fibrous material such as wire mesh, steel wool, felt, fleece, or plastic fibers. 35. Filter system for dust and pollutants according to claim 33, characterized in that the lining is attached to the inner wall of the housing ( 1 ) at a distance from the latter. 36. Filter system for dust and pollutants according to claim 1, characterized in that a storage vessel and a collecting vessel for liquid ( 33 ) are connected to the housing ( 1 ). 37. Filter system for dust and pollutants according to claim 36, characterized in that the storage vessel and the collecting vessel are connected via a line into which a filter and a pump are integrated.