DE29724012U1 - Plant for processing residual waste, bulky waste, commercial waste and the like. - Google Patents

Description

PATENT ATTORNEY .... * _# ·· _# ···· ,··..*'

EUROPEAN PATENT ATTORNEY *'. \ I I'"· . *..&iacgr;*·«

DiPL.-PHYs DR. WALTHER JUNIUS Hannover?· "··*···* ··* ·

WOLFSTRASSE 24 TEL. (O511) 834530

30S19 HANOVER FAX. (OSIl) 842124

27 May 1999 My file: 1380

Dr.Ing. Werner Neu Eichenweg 1, 89281 Altenstedt-I1lereichen

and

City of Münster Waste Management Company Rösnerstrzfhe 10, 48127 Münster

Facility for processing residual waste, bulky waste, commercial waste, etc.

The invention relates to a plant for processing residual waste from household waste, bulky waste, commercial waste similar to household waste and similar waste mixtures that are difficult to process.

By introducing separate collection of waste such as glass, paper, packaging, etc., a significant percentage of recyclable materials is already being recycled, but today a high proportion of recyclable materials remains in residual waste and is lost from the economic cycle.

The composition of residual waste from household waste is extremely heterogeneous. The recyclable materials contained in it are partly mixed with and contaminated with plant and animal remains that are in the process of decay. They are therefore very odorous. This has so far prevented the processing of residual waste. However, since landfill space is scarce, attempts are being made to reduce the amount of waste and the

27 May 1999 My file: 1380

The volume of waste can be reduced by incineration. However, this is expensive and harmful to the environment and runs counter to the need to conserve raw materials.

Residual waste, bulky waste and commercial waste similar to household waste also have an extremely heterogeneous material composition in terms of the types of material, weight and size fluctuations of the individual components and material composites (wood-metal, stone-metal, plastic-glass, textiles-plastic, textiles-rubber, etc.), although plant and animal remains are largely missing here. Therefore, this residual waste is also largely deposited in landfills or burned in waste incineration plants.

Another obstacle to the recycling of residual waste is the required purity of the recyclable fractions. This purity cannot be achieved without expensive washing and drying processes. The disposal of the washed-out residues and the difficulties of carrying out washing and drying processes on such heterogeneous material were further reasons for abandoning the recyclable materials contained in residual waste from household waste, bulky waste and household-like commercial waste1 and choosing the easy route of disposal in landfills.

The invention avoids the disadvantages of the prior art. It is the object of the invention to create a process-technically simple plant with process technologies that are as well known as possible, which can be used in

27 May 1999 My file: 1380

It can be built up from the machines and plant components available on the market in order to process residual waste, despite its inhomogeneity, into recyclable materials that meet the high requirements for recyclable material quality.

The invention consists in the fact that in this system a coarse crushing machine (coarse shredder), a screening system in which soft organic and ₍ mineral) fine material is sorted out and then passed through a magnetic separator and then discharged, a fine crushing device (fine shredder) with another downstream screening system for separating organic and mineral fine material, a cascade sifter for separating light and heavy material are connected in series, with a paper-plastics-textile waste separator being arranged in the further path of the light material, while in the further path of the heavy material a magnetic FE metal separator, a non-ferrous metal separator, and then another fine crushing machine (fine shredder) are arranged, the output of which is connected via a conveyor belt to separators for the glass-stone, wood-rubber-leather and paper-plastics-textile waste fractions.

In this plant, the material to be processed is roughly crushed in a first stage and then plant and food residues are sieved out of the coarse parts of the mixture together with other organic components and inorganic fines, in a second stage the sieve fraction of the coarse parts is finely crushed at high speed and then sieved, then the undersize is separated from the finely crushed material

27 May 1999 My file: 1380

with the fine material obtained after coarse comminution and the iron portion is separated off magnetically, that the upper grain of the finely comminuted material is then divided into a specifically light and a specifically heavy fraction, that iron is magnetically removed from the heavy fraction and then non-ferrous metals are separated from the rest of the heavy fraction by eddy current separation, that in the further course of this separation process glass and stones on the one hand and wood, rubber and leather on the other hand are separated, whereby textile pellets and thick-walled plastic parts are obtained as the residual fraction and these are fed together with the light fraction to a washing and a further separation process, at the end of which the valuable materials are separated into paper pulp, plastics with a specific gravity greater than 1 and less than 1 and textile flakes.

The process according to the invention carried out with this plant creates valuable materials at the various outputs of the plant with relatively low energy and fresh water consumption, which have the prescribed recyclable material qualities sufficient for further material processing. The metal fractions, which are already separated into iron and non-iron fractions, can be fed to the smelting plant without further processing. The glass and stone fractions have a grain size and cleanliness that allow them to be used as building materials. The pulp obtained can be used in paper production. The resulting plastics are agglomerated like granules for

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It is used to manufacture products that are usually made from recycled plastics. Even textile waste and paper can be used as reinforcements, provided they are not used for other purposes.

The resulting waste of plant and animal origin is fermented and then treated using wet oxidation.

This waste of plant and animal origin is only present in small proportions in the residual waste from bulky waste and commercial waste similar to household waste. The fine material discharged from the sieve of the coarse shredding device consists of sand, glass and stone chips, wood splinters and metal parts that are separated during shredding. This fraction is conveniently added to the fine material from the sieve behind the fine shredding device and processed together with it. :

Only the relatively small fraction of rubber-cork-leather-wood is difficult to reuse and is therefore thermally processed, e.g. by pyrolysis or gasification.

To carry out this method according to the invention, it is expedient to subject the delivered goods to be processed to a visual material inspection in the entrance area and to sort out visually recognizable disruptive and hazardous materials such as packaging or thick-walled monostructures (wooden beams, iron girders) using a mobile excavator.

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The method according to the invention is further perfected by separating liquid adhering to the material in the fine grinding device in the centrifugal field of this device. The residual moisture in the material can be reduced by up to 20% in this way.

In order to be able to separate plastics of different types, it is advisable to divide the plastic parts accumulating in the separator in a floating/sinking section into a floating fraction with a specific gravity of less than 1 and a sinking fraction.

The paper fraction is best obtained in the process according to the invention in the wet state, because only in the wet state, namely as pulp, can the resulting paper fraction be sufficiently cleaned, freed of short fibers and further processed. It is therefore expedient in the process according to the invention if wet paper and paper composites are shredded in a wet cutting mill after the washing section, thus improving the paper pulping.

In the process according to the invention, the light fraction separated behind the fine-grinding device in the sifter is further separated together with the light material portion from the heavy fraction of the sifter into the paper, plastic and textile wool fractions. For this purpose, a paper-plastic-textile wool separation device is arranged behind the washing system. This is expediently a wet selection system.

27 May 1999 My file: 1380

In order to achieve the required recyclable material qualities, it is advisable to install a washing system behind the outlet of the light fraction and the light material portion of the heavy fraction from the sifter. In this system, the washing water is used in a circulating process, the contaminants in the washing water are extracted using filters, then dewatered and then placed in a container suitable for landfill and transport. . .

For the treatment of paper, it is advisable to install a post-cleaning stage downstream of the paper washing plant, in which the pulp is cleaned in a separate washing water circuit.

The washing systems are equipped with filters that retain the contaminants from the washing water and allow it to be reused. This significantly reduces the consumption of fresh water.

The contaminants collected in the filters are separated in a filter press. The filter cake produced can be further treated together with the fines from the individual reduction stages by fermentation and wet oxidation.

In the system according to the invention, a further fine shredder and a multi-stage screen are conveniently arranged behind the metal separation from the heavy fraction. This has the advantage that these fractions, which are difficult to separate from one another, are brought to the same particle size and can then be more easily separated.

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due to their differences in specific weight in the separation table cascade. This shredder has a long tool life because it no longer has to process metals.

It is not possible to recycle the plastic films in their current form because they are produced in small pieces and are therefore uneconomical to handle due to their low bulk density. In the plant according to the invention, further processing is simplified by arranging an agglomeration device behind the plastic film outlet. In this device, the film particles are sphericalized by melting on the surface and are thus transportable and processable. They can be processed on all machines that process granules.

In this system, behind the exit of the compact plastic fraction, there are also shreds of cables, because these have a plastic coating. At this point, a separating device for cables is arranged in the system according to the invention. This is expediently a device for shredding and grinding the cables, and this device is expediently followed by a sifter for separating metal and plastic. . .

An essential component of the plant according to the invention is the separating device for the fractions paper, plastic, textile wool Ie arranged behind the wet cutting mill, which consists of a housing in which a central axis with beaters or blades

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and a substantially cylindrical sieve surrounding it, and which has an outlet nozzle connected to the interior of the sieve, which consists of an upper tubular part, to which a discharge pipe for the film residues is connected in the axial direction and a sack-shaped part at the bottom, into which the textile fibre mass falls and at the bottom of which a discharge conveyor screw is arranged.

This wet cutting mill is conveniently fitted with washing nozzles to prevent the screen drum shell from becoming clogged.

The essence of the invention is explained in more detail below using an embodiment shown schematically in the drawing. The drawing shows the system on three pages in block diagram form, namely:

Fig.1 the plant section "crushing and pre-sorting", .

Fig.2 the plant section "Recyclable material separation and sorting" ,

Fig.3 the plant section "recycling of recyclable materials".

Fig.4 then shows a schematic side view (partly in section) of the selection device with which the separation of paper, plastic oil and textile vaults is carried out, and

Fig.5 a section through the selection device.

The first three figures are each followed by a

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Fig. to the next one on the right.

The plant is housed in a hall with walls 1. The waste to be processed is delivered by garbage trucks through Gate I. These vehicles empty their load onto the hall floor in the delivery area 2, where an incoming material inspection is carried out. The residual waste delivered here by the garbage trucks is spread out on the floor of the hall and visually inspected using a sorting grab 3, which can be an excavator, for example. In this process, disruptive and hazardous materials such as refrigerators, asbestos-clad heaters, thick-walled metal parts, liquid-filled packaging, etc. are picked up by the sorting grab 3 and deposited in one or more containers 4 provided for this purpose and further processed outside the plant.

The waste to be processed, which has been pre-screened and re-stacked in the delivery area, is transported by the sorting gripper 3 into the feed hopper 5. The feed hopper 5 has a conveyor belt 6 in the base area with adjustable belt speed for adjusting the feed quantity. The conveyor belt 6 of the feed hopper 5 conveys the fed-in waste into the coarse shredder 7.

The coarse shredding device 7 is designed as a single-roller shredder with a rotating screen basket 8 (e.g. hole diameter 150 mm) and a hydraulically driven hold-down device as well as with a flipper (counter knife traverse pre-tensioned by pneumatic springs

19*9*9 * My file: 1380

as a foreign body protection device). The coarse parts of the waste are held in this sieve basket 8 and subjected to shredding until they fall through the sieve holes.

The coarse shredder 7 is followed by a screening machine 9, to which the coarsely shredded material is conveyed via the conveyor belt 10. In the screening machine 9 (e.g. with a 25 mm square hole in the screening drum), adhering fine material is removed. The fine material contains a high (up to 80 %) organic content of plant and animal residues (this also includes food waste) as well as inert materials (sand and broken glass). This screening material with the high (up to 80 %) organic content of plant and animal residues is removed via the conveyor belt 11 and fed to the container 13, which takes this material for further biological/physical processing in a downstream continuous fermentation plant and a wet oxidation plant, where this mixture is further processed. The screen hole size of the screening machine 9 can be optimized by changing the screening drum and adapted to the waste to be processed.

The screenings contain not only organic components, but also fine inert materials (sand and broken glass). This screening is transported away via the conveyor belt 11. The iron contained in this fine material is removed from the flow of fine material by means of a magnetic separator 12 and conveyed via the conveyor belt 14 into the container 15, which can be driven out of the hall via gate A.

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The coarse material from the screening machine 9 is transferred via a conveyor belt 16 to a downstream fine shredder 17 in the form of a high-speed shredder and processed further. The coarse screening material, which has largely been freed of soft organics in the screening machine 9, is shredded again in the fine shredder 17 with a screen attachment (e.g. 100 mm square hole). The impact and shear forces generated by this high-speed machine separate compact and composite parts (e.g. metal-wood composites, metal 1-plastic composites, metal 1-film composites). Adhering liquid is also separated in the centrifugal field. The residual moisture in the shredder material can thus be set to less than 20 % .

The finely divided material produced in the fine shredder 17 is discharged into the screening machine 18 by means of the conveyor belt 19. The fine material produced here is guided via the conveyor belt 20 to the conveyor belt 11 for further processing together with the fine material from the screening machine 9. The screening drum of the screening machine 18 is designed with a 12 mm square hole, for example.

When leaving the screening machine 18, the remaining residual waste has passed through the "shredding and pre-sorting" work area shown in Fig.1. It now enters the "recyclable material separation and sorting" work area shown in Fig.2 via the conveyor belt 21.

The coarser material shredded in the fine shredder 17 and accruing in the screening machine 18, running over the conveyor belt 21, is fed to a cascade sifter 22, which

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designed as a double cascade for the separation of recyclable materials. This cascade sifter has two outlets, a heavy material outlet 23 and a light material outlet 24.

The design of the sifter has been largely adapted for the processing of residual waste. The shredded material falls one after the other onto 4 cascade-shaped conveyor belts, whereby the falling process is accompanied by a reorganization of the heap in the cross flow. Built-in flow channels are intended to prevent the observed risk of turbulence of the separated light material (back mixing).

The light fraction consists essentially of paper, foils and textile parts and fibres as well as composite metal foils and plastic foils, while the heavy fraction includes metals, stones, wood, glass, leather, rubber, textiles and heavy plastic parts. The cascade sifter requires very careful adjustment and optimisation of the individual parameters, which can only be verified in long-term tests, such as the belt speeds of the conveyor belts forming a cascade, the amount of circulating air, the amount of exhaust air to generate a negative pressure in the sifter, the amount of material passed through, the blowing speed, the air filter arrangement, etc.

The heavy materials transported by the conveyor belt 25 pass through a magnetic separator 26 for the separation of the iron parts, the light materials transported by the conveyor belt 27 pass through the magnetic separator 28. Both magnetic separators 26,28 throw the

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The iron collected by them is transferred to the conveyor belt 29, which conveys the iron collected in this way into the container 30, which can be driven out through gate C.

The heavy material fraction conveyed on the conveyor belt 25 contains, among other things, the valuable material non-ferrous metals after the iron has been separated in the magnetic separator 26. The non-ferrous metals are separated in the non-ferrous separator 31, e.g. an eddy current separator. The non-ferrous metals obtained here are discharged via the conveyor belt 32 into the container 33, which can be transported away through gate D.

The heavy fraction, freed of iron and non-ferrous metals, then runs on the transport bath 34 into another fine shredder 35. The fine shredder 35 is designed as a slow-running machine and is constructed in a similar way to the coarse shredder. Its task is to adjust the heavy fraction to a grain size range between 5 mm and 30 mm for further mechanical processing (sieve hole diameter is 30 mm, for example). To avoid too high a proportion of fines, the shredder must be designed as a slow-running machine.

From the fine shredder 35, the shredded material passes via the conveyor belt 36 into the multi-stage screen 37. The multi-stage screen 37 has the task of dividing the shredded material from the fine shredder 35 into two grain size groups. This serves to increase the efficiency of the downstream separation table system. The multi-stage screen divides the heavy fraction into the grain size ranges 5 - 15 mm and 15 - 30 mm. All parts,

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which are larger than 30 mm are returned to the fine shredder 35. Particles which are smaller than 5 mm (mainly inert materials) are removed from the process and further processed as fines.

The screenings divided into the two grain size ranges then run separately via the conveyor belts 44, 45 into two separating table cascades 38, 39, in which the main components of the metal-free heavy fraction are separated into further fractions, into a fraction of stones and glass, which runs via the conveyor belt 40 into the container 41, and a second fraction of wood, leather and rubber parts, which runs via the conveyor belt 42 into the container 43. The remaining light fraction, consisting of paper, foils and plastics, runs via the conveyor belts 46 together with the light fraction from the dry cutting mill 48 into the "recyclable material processing" part of the plant, which is shown in Fig.3.

The individual separation table consists of a sieve table that is slightly inclined relative to the horizontal and spring-mounted, which is excited by a vibration generator and transfers impulse forces to the material to be separated. An adjustable amount of circulating air flows through the separation table from bottom to top, the resulting loosening of the material to be separated on the vibrating sieve plate causes a separation into a further heavy and light fraction. The effectiveness of the separation table system is determined by a series of parameters, such as sieve size, flow velocity, table inclination, vibration frequency, vibration amplitude, input quantity, etc.

_1ß

May 27, 1999 My file: 1380

influenced and can only be.

optimized in long-term testing

The fraction of films, paper, textiles and other plastics that accrues in the separation table system 38, 39 leaves the separation table system via the outlets 46. It enters a heavy goods chute 47 and then via the conveyor device 48 into a washing system 49. The washing water is repeatedly cleaned in a ring circuit 50 in which the sieve 51 is located. The sieved material from the sieve 51 is fed by the conveyor 52 to the filter press 53, in which a filter cake is produced, which is fed via the conveyor belt 54 to the container 55 for removal.

The light material leaving the washing system 49 is fed via the transport device 56 to a wet cutting mill 57 and then to a separating device 77 for the paper, plastics and textile waste fractions. This separating device 77 consists of a housing 58 which is fed via the funnel 59 and in which a central shaft 60 with beaters or oars 61 and an essentially cylindrical sieve 62 surrounding them are housed (Fig. 4). The paper fibres are pressed through this sieve by the beaters 61. These leave the separating device 77 as pulp through the outlet 63 and are conveyed by a conveyor 78 into the container 79 after the fibre pulp has been largely dewatered in a disk thickener 85 and a screw press 86. Nozzles 76 inside the housing 58 clean the screen 62 and flush the paper fibers out of the screen

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₁₇ 27 May 1999

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62 surrounding collection room 80.

The residual material consisting of film parts and textile fiber vault leaves the wet selection device 77 through an outlet nozzle 65 connected to the screen interior 64, in which the separation of films and textile vault takes place. This outlet nozzle 65 consists of an upper tubular part 66, to which a discharge pipe 67 for the film residues and a downwardly directed sack-shaped part 68 are connected in the axial direction, into which the textile fiber vault falls and at the bottom of which a discharge conveyor screw 69 is arranged. This leads to a conveyor 70, which can be a conveyor belt or an exhaust fan and which conveys the textile vault into the mechanical dryer 81. The blower 82 then conveys the pre-dried textile flakes into a dry cutting mill 83, from which the blower 84 conveys the textile flakes into the container 71 so that they can be further processed in the textile and insulation material industry.

The discharge pipe 67 for the film residues leads into the floating/sinking section 87 with two outlets 88, 89. Plastic parts with a specific weight of less than 1 can be removed from one outlet 88 and plastic parts with a specific weight of greater than 1 can be removed from the outlet 89. From the outlet 88, mainly film parts are transported via the conveyor belt 72 into the agglomerator 73, in which these film residues are balled up by friction and heating. The balled plastic parts obtained are conveyed from the agglomerator 73 into the container 74.

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The heavy-duty chute 47 used in this plant consists of a slanting box-shaped chute in which the material flow is caught by a water surge and carried away. Downstream there is a shaft in which a defined amount of liquid flows up. The flow rate is adjustable so that parts with a higher density, such as metals, sink down and are thus discharged.

Claims (14)

1. Plant for the processing of residual waste from household waste, bulky waste, commercial waste similar to household waste and similar waste mixtures that are difficult to process, characterized by
the series connection of a coarse shredding machine (coarse shredder)
a screening plant ( 9 ) in which soft organic material and mineral fines are sorted out and then passed through a magnetic separator ( 12 ) and then discharged,
a fine shredding device (fine shredder) ( 17 ) with a further downstream screening system for the separation of organic and mineral fines,
a cascade sifter ( 22 ) for separating light and heavy material,
wherein a paper-plastics-textile wool separating device ( 57 ) is arranged in the further path of the light material,
while in the further path of the heavy material a magnetic FE metal separator ( 26 ), a non-ferrous metal separator ( 31 ), and then another fine crushing machine (fine shredder) ( 35 ) are arranged,
whose output is connected via a conveyor belt ( 36 ) to separating devices for the fractions glass-stones, wood-rubber-leather and paper-plastics-textile wool. 2. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the separating device ( 38 , 39 ) for the separation into a glass-stone fraction and a wood-rubber-leather fraction is a separating table cascade. 3. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that a multi-stage sieve (37) for separating parts of different sizes into size classes is arranged between the fine grinding machine ( 35 ) connected downstream of the outlet of the heavy fraction and the separating device ( 38 , 39 ) for separating the fractions wood-rubber-leather-cork, glass-stones, paper-plastics-textile wool. 4. Plant according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that at least two separating table cascades ( 38 , 39 ) are present in the plant, one for each size class of the parts to be separated from one another, in which the separation into fractions wood-rubber-leather-cork, glass-stones, paper-plastics-textile wool is carried out. 5. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that a washing plant ( 49 ) is arranged behind the outlet of the separating table cascades ( 38 , 39 ) for the paper-plastics-textile wool fraction. 6. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the washing plant ( 49 ) for the paper-plastics-textile wool fraction is followed by a defibration plant in the form of a wet cutting mill ( 57 ). 7. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the wet cutting mill ( 57 ) is followed by a plant ( 77 ) for separating the parts of the fractions paper fibers, plastics, textile wool. 8. Plant according to claim 7, characterized in
that the installation ( 77 ) for separating the parts of the fractions paper fibres, plastics, textile wool consists of a vessel ( 58 ) in which a central axis ( 59 ) with beaters or oars ( 60 ) and a substantially cylindrical sieve ( 61 ) surrounding them are housed, and
that this boiler ( 58 ) has an outlet nozzle ( 65 ) connected to the sieve interior ( 64 ), which consists of an upper tubular part ( 66 ) to which a discharge pipe ( 67 ) for the film residues is connected in the axial direction and a sack-shaped part ( 6 ) at the bottom into which the textile fiber pellets fall and at the bottom of which a discharge device is arranged, preferably in the form of a conveyor screw ( 6 ). 9. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that filters ( 51 ) are associated with the washing systems ( 49 ). 10. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that a filter press ( 53 ) is associated with the filters ( 51 ). 11. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that a heavy material chute ( 47 ) is arranged behind the outlet of the light fraction from the cascade sifter ( 22 ) and the heavy fraction freed from the glass-stone and plastic-rubber-leather fractions. 12. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that an agglomerating device is arranged behind the outlet of the plastic films. 13. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that a separating device for cables is arranged behind the outlet of the compact plastics fraction. 14. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the separating device for cables is followed by a device for shredding and grinding the cables and this device is followed by a sifter for separating metal and plastic.