DE29701077U1 - Voluminous textile composite - Google Patents
Voluminous textile compositeInfo
- Publication number
- DE29701077U1 DE29701077U1 DE29701077U DE29701077U DE29701077U1 DE 29701077 U1 DE29701077 U1 DE 29701077U1 DE 29701077 U DE29701077 U DE 29701077U DE 29701077 U DE29701077 U DE 29701077U DE 29701077 U1 DE29701077 U1 DE 29701077U1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- adhesive
- fleece
- voluminous
- fiber
- textile composite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001634 Copolyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/028—Net structure, e.g. spaced apart filaments bonded at the crossing points
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/52—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by applying or inserting filamentary binding elements
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
- D04H1/593—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives to layered webs
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2601/00—Upholstery
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Description
• ··
Voluminöser textiler Verbundstoff -,.- .;. ··Voluminous textile composite material -,.- .;. ··
Die Erfindung betrifft einen voluminösen textiien Verbundstoff für die direkte flächige Verklebung mit textiien oder nichttextiien Ober-, Dekorstoffen, bestehend aus einer klebefähigen Schicht und einer voluminösen Schicht, die an ihren Berührungsflächen lokal durch Fadenmaschen verbunden sind. Damit sind produktiv und kostengünstig qualitativ hochwertige weiche Verklebungen mit Ober-, Dekorstoffen, wie Samt, Velourgestrick, Leder u. a. möglich. Der Einsatz derartiger Klebverbunde von Oberstoff und Vliesstoff erfolgt vorzugsweise als Polster- oder Abdeckstoff zur Innenausstattung von Kraftfahrzeugen, als Schuhstoff sowie Bezugsstoff für Polstermöbel. The invention relates to a voluminous textile composite material for direct surface bonding with textile or non-textile outer and decorative materials, consisting of an adhesive layer and a voluminous layer, which are locally connected at their contact surfaces by thread meshes. This enables productive and cost-effective, high-quality soft bonding with outer and decorative materials such as velvet, velour knit, leather, etc. The use of such adhesive composites of outer fabric and nonwoven fabric is preferably as upholstery or covering material for the interior fittings of motor vehicles, as shoe material and as covering material for upholstered furniture.
Es ist bekannt, zwei oder auch mehrere textile Flächengebiide mit gleichem oder unterschiedlichem Aussehen, Gebrauchs- oder Funktionseigenschaften miteinander flächig durch Nähen oder Kleben zu verbinden. Nachteilig dabei ist beim Nähen das Erscheinen von Nähten auf beiden Oberflächenseiten des Verbundes, die geometrische Längsverteilung der Verbindungssteilen sowie der zusätzliche Aufwand beim Nähen und Kleben an Naht- und Klebematerial. Außerdem kann der Einsatz von Klebemittel ökologische Probleme beim Klebeprozess ergeben und eine effektive Entsorgung der Verbundfiäche erschweren. Weiterhin beeinträchtigt das aufgebrachte Klebstoffmittel den im Gebrauch erforderlichen Durchlass von Luft, Wasser, Wasserdampf und dgl. negativ.It is known to connect two or more textile surface structures with the same or different appearance, usage or functional properties to one another by sewing or gluing. The disadvantages of sewing are the appearance of seams on both sides of the surface of the composite, the geometric longitudinal distribution of the connecting parts and the additional effort involved in sewing and gluing the seam and adhesive material. In addition, the use of adhesives can cause ecological problems during the gluing process and make it difficult to dispose of the composite surface effectively. Furthermore, the applied adhesive negatively affects the passage of air, water, water vapor and the like required during use.
Verfahrenstechnisch gibt es Lösungen, unverfestigte Faser- oder Filamentviiese mit einem textiien Flächengebilde als Trägerbahn durch Nadeln oder Nähwirken mechanisch zu verbinden, wobei Elemente dieser Vliese durch die Trägerbahn hindurchgezogen oder gestossen und auf der Rückseite als flächige Auflage angeordnet werden. Für bestimmte Verwendungszwecke ist hierbei die optische Veränderung der rückseitigen Oberfläche der Trägerbahn von Nachteil.In terms of process technology, there are solutions for mechanically connecting unbonded fiber or filament fleeces to a textile fabric as a carrier web by needling or stitching, whereby elements of these fleeces are pulled or pushed through the carrier web and arranged on the back as a flat layer. For certain applications, the optical change to the back surface of the carrier web is a disadvantage.
Weiterhin sind Lösungen bekannt, bei denen das flächige Verbinden von textiien Flächengebilden durch lokales Verkleben mittels Ultraschall, Laserstrahlen o. ä. er-Furthermore, solutions are known in which the surface connection of textile fabrics is achieved by local bonding using ultrasound, laser beams or similar.
erfolgt, wobei an diesen Klebstellen thermoplastische· raserstoffänteile# aü*s einer oder beiden Verbindungskomponenten zum Schmelzen gebracht werden. Nachteilig bei diesen Verfahren sind eine gewisse Versteifung des Verbundmateriais an diesen Schmelzstellen und der erforderliche Energieaufwand.The disadvantage of this method is that the composite material stiffens to a certain extent at these melting points and that energy is required.
In Produktion sind Lösungen, bei denen 3 Einzeikomponenten, nämiich Oberstoff, Klebvlies und Vliesstoff einzeln einer Anlage zugeführt werden und bei Einwirken von Hitze und Druck das Klebvlies aufschmilzt und Oberstoff und Vliesstoff ganzflächig miteinander verbindet. Problematisch ist dabei bei hohen Produktionsgeschwindigkeiten und leichten Klebvliesen unter 20 g/m2 Gewicht eine falten- und verzugsfreie Zufuhr des mittig einzulegenden Klebvlieses.Solutions are currently being produced in which three individual components, namely the outer fabric, the adhesive fleece and the nonwoven fabric, are fed individually into a system and when heat and pressure are applied, the adhesive fleece melts and bonds the outer fabric and the nonwoven fabric together over the entire surface. The problem with this is that at high production speeds and with light adhesive fleeces weighing less than 20 g/m 2, it is difficult to feed the adhesive fleece, which is inserted in the middle, without creases or distortions.
Weiter wird ein entsprechender voluminöser Verbund dadurch erzeugt, daß eine der beiden Verbundkomponenten mit einem thermoplastischen Kleber beschichtet ist, wie z. B. Punktbeschichtung, flächige Beschichtung. Danach ist der Verbund durch Zuführung beider Bahnen in eine beheizte Zone und Zusammendrücken der Bahnen zu verbinden.Furthermore, a corresponding voluminous composite is created by coating one of the two composite components with a thermoplastic adhesive, such as spot coating or surface coating. The composite is then connected by feeding both webs into a heated zone and pressing the webs together.
Der Nachteil dieser Verbundherstellung ist ein zweimaliger thermischer Prozeß mit entsprechendem Aufwand und die Gefahr des Eindringens des Klebers in die voluminöse Schicht mit der Folge einer Verhärtung beim Kaschierprozess.The disadvantage of this composite production is a two-stage thermal process with corresponding effort and the risk of the adhesive penetrating the voluminous layer, resulting in hardening during the laminating process.
Speziell beim Kaschieren von Zuschnitteiien, wie Leder, mit einer voluminösen Schicht mit dazwischengelegtem Klebviies, Klebfolie oder aufgesprühtem flüssigem Klebstoff gibt es entweder zusätzliche Aufwendungen der Klebstoffaufträge, des Klebmitteizuschnittes und dem Handhaben von 3 Teilen zur Verklebungssteüe.Especially when laminating cut pieces, such as leather, with a voluminous layer with an adhesive fleece, adhesive film or sprayed liquid adhesive in between, there are either additional costs for applying the adhesive, cutting the adhesive and handling 3 parts to the bonding station.
Der Erfindung liegt deshalb das Problem zugrunde, das Klebvlies direkt bei der Herstellung des mit dem Ober- oder Dekorstoff zu verklebenden Vliesstoffes mit diesen mechanisch zu einem textlien Verbundstoff zu verbinden.The invention is therefore based on the problem of mechanically bonding the adhesive fleece to the outer or decorative fabric to form a textile composite material directly during the production of the fleece fabric.
Das Problem der Erfindung wird dadurch gelöst, daß in einem Arbeitsgang ein Querfaserviies zum Vliesstoff verfestigt und lokal mit einem vorverfestigten Klebviies verbunden wird. Dieser Verfestigungs- und Verbindungseffekt erfolgtThe problem of the invention is solved by consolidating a cross-fiber fleece to form a nonwoven fabric in one operation and bonding it locally to a pre-consolidated adhesive fleece. This consolidation and bonding effect occurs
durch Fadenmaschen, wobei im Sinne einer großen und ebenen Kleberfläche und einer etwas strukturierten Unterseitenoberfläche das Klebviies an der Maschenkopfoder Maschenseite des voiuminösen textlien Verbundstoffes angeordnet ist. Wird eine punktförmige Kfeboberfläche und eine glatte, ebene Unterseäenoberfläche erforderlich, ist das Klebviies auf der Maschenfuss- oder Stegseite des voiuminösen textlien Verbundes angeordnet.by thread stitches, whereby the adhesive fleece is arranged on the top or bottom side of the voluminous textile composite material in order to achieve a large and flat adhesive surface and a slightly structured underside surface. If a point-shaped adhesive surface and a smooth, flat underside surface are required, the adhesive fleece is arranged on the bottom or bottom side of the voluminous textile composite.
Der erfindungsgemässe voluminöse textile Verbundstoff zeigt eine flächige Verbindung von Kiebviies und Vliesstoff, ein gieichmässiges Verformungsverhaiten der beiden Komponenten und eine Kiebfaseroberfläche mit geringen Dickenschwankungen als wesentliche Voraussetzungen für produktive, faltenfreie flächige Verklebungen mit textlien oder nichttexiüen ober-bzw, Dekostoffen.The voluminous textile composite material according to the invention shows a surface bond between adhesive fleece and nonwoven fabric, a uniform deformation behavior of the two components and an adhesive fiber surface with small thickness variations as essential prerequisites for productive, wrinkle-free surface bonding with textile or non-textile outer or decorative materials.
AusführungsbeispielExample
Die vorliegende Erfindung wird anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles nachstehend näher beschrieben. Die dazugehörigen Zeichnungen zeigen den erfindungsgemäßen voluminösen textlien Verbundstoff im Querschnitt.The present invention is described in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment. The accompanying drawings show the voluminous textile composite material according to the invention in cross section.
Figur 1Figure 1
Bn Querfaservlies (1) aus Polyesterfasern mit einem Flächegewicht von 220 g/m2 ist mit einem 30 g/m2 Kiebfaservlies (2) aus Copolyester mit einem Schmelzpunkt von 140 0C durch Fadenmaschen (3) aus Polyesterfitementgarn zu einem voiuminösen textlien Verbundstoff verbunden. Das Ktebfaserviies (2) ist dabei auf der Maschenkopf- oder Maschenseite (4) angeordnet und bildet die ebene Kiebfläche (5).A cross-fiber fleece (1) made of polyester fibers with a surface weight of 220 g/m 2 is connected to a 30 g/m 2 adhesive fiber fleece (2) made of copolyester with a melting point of 140 0 C by thread meshes (3) made of polyester fitment yarn to form a voluminous textile composite material. The cross-fiber fleece (2) is arranged on the mesh head or mesh side (4) and forms the flat adhesive surface (5).
Figur 2Figure 2
Ein Querviies {1) aus Polyamidfasern mit einem Fiächengewicnt von 150 g/m2 ist mit einem 12 g/m2 schweren KJebvües {2} aus Copoiyamid mit einem Schmefcpunkt von 110 0C durch Fadenmaschen (3) aus Poiyarnidf iiamenigarn zu einem voiuminösen textlien Verbundstoff verbunden. Das Klebfaservües (2) ist dabei auf der Maschenfuss- oder Stegseite (6) angeordnet und bildet die punktförmige Kiebfläche (J). A transverse fleece {1) made of polyamide fibers with a surface weight of 150 g/m 2 is bonded to a 12 g/m 2 adhesive fleece {2} made of copolyamide with a melting point of 110 0 C by means of thread stitches (3) made of polyamide fiber yarn to form a voluminous textile composite material. The adhesive fiber fleece (2) is arranged on the stitch foot or web side (6) and forms the point-shaped adhesive surface (J).
Ii ., ■! .1,· fei-1JWsHIi ., ■! .1,· fei- 1 JWsH
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE29701077U DE29701077U1 (en) | 1997-01-23 | 1997-01-23 | Voluminous textile composite |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE29701077U DE29701077U1 (en) | 1997-01-23 | 1997-01-23 | Voluminous textile composite |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE29701077U1 true DE29701077U1 (en) | 1997-04-30 |
Family
ID=8034910
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE29701077U Expired - Lifetime DE29701077U1 (en) | 1997-01-23 | 1997-01-23 | Voluminous textile composite |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE29701077U1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19859782C1 (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2000-09-07 | Saechsisches Textilforsch Inst | Nonwoven fabric contains bonding strips of thermal bonding materials to form layers in the nonwoven to be broken down through the thickness by the needle bonding action for a combined mechanical and thermal bonding |
| DE20102639U1 (en) | 2001-02-15 | 2001-06-07 | Schmidt, Gunter F., 79312 Emmendingen | Isotropic nonwoven, in particular as an outer fabric for clothing |
| DE20102638U1 (en) | 2001-02-15 | 2001-06-28 | Schmidt, Gunter F., 79312 Emmendingen | Partially bond-strengthened nonwoven, in particular as an outer material for clothing |
| DE19961240A1 (en) * | 1999-12-18 | 2001-07-05 | Saechsisches Textilforsch Inst | Production of thermo-bonded fleece, comprises combining binding surface and fibrous layer, feeding to nap/fleece formation section, then treatment by carding machine, promoting fiber separation and mixing |
-
1997
- 1997-01-23 DE DE29701077U patent/DE29701077U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19859782C1 (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2000-09-07 | Saechsisches Textilforsch Inst | Nonwoven fabric contains bonding strips of thermal bonding materials to form layers in the nonwoven to be broken down through the thickness by the needle bonding action for a combined mechanical and thermal bonding |
| DE19961240A1 (en) * | 1999-12-18 | 2001-07-05 | Saechsisches Textilforsch Inst | Production of thermo-bonded fleece, comprises combining binding surface and fibrous layer, feeding to nap/fleece formation section, then treatment by carding machine, promoting fiber separation and mixing |
| DE19961240B4 (en) * | 1999-12-18 | 2005-04-21 | Sächsisches Textilforschungsinstitut e.V. | Process for the preparation of a thermally bonded nonwoven fabric |
| DE20102639U1 (en) | 2001-02-15 | 2001-06-07 | Schmidt, Gunter F., 79312 Emmendingen | Isotropic nonwoven, in particular as an outer fabric for clothing |
| DE20102638U1 (en) | 2001-02-15 | 2001-06-28 | Schmidt, Gunter F., 79312 Emmendingen | Partially bond-strengthened nonwoven, in particular as an outer material for clothing |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| R207 | Utility model specification |
Effective date: 19970612 |
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| R150 | Utility model maintained after payment of first maintenance fee after three years |
Effective date: 20001127 |
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| R157 | Lapse of ip right after 6 years |
Effective date: 20030801 |