DE29621340U1 - Screw for fastening components to a substructure made of wood or wooden materials or for use in conjunction with a plastic dowel - Google Patents
Screw for fastening components to a substructure made of wood or wooden materials or for use in conjunction with a plastic dowelInfo
- Publication number
- DE29621340U1 DE29621340U1 DE29621340U DE29621340U DE29621340U1 DE 29621340 U1 DE29621340 U1 DE 29621340U1 DE 29621340 U DE29621340 U DE 29621340U DE 29621340 U DE29621340 U DE 29621340U DE 29621340 U1 DE29621340 U1 DE 29621340U1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- thread
- screw
- section
- wood
- shaft
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B35/00—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
- F16B35/04—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws with specially-shaped head or shaft in order to fix the bolt on or in an object
- F16B35/041—Specially-shaped shafts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B25/00—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws
- F16B25/10—Screws performing an additional function to thread-forming, e.g. drill screws or self-piercing screws
- F16B25/103—Screws performing an additional function to thread-forming, e.g. drill screws or self-piercing screws by means of a drilling screw-point, i.e. with a cutting and material removing action
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
- Dowels (AREA)
- Furniture Connections (AREA)
Description
*..* ,.* .:..:.. ..'*..' P0212DE-GM Beschreibung Seite 1*..* ,.* .:..:.. ..'*..' P0212DE-GM Description Page 1
Gegenstand : Schraube zum Befestigen von Bauteilen an einem Unterbau aus Holz oder Holzwerkstoffen oder zum Einsatz im Zusammenwirken mit einem KunststoffdübelObject: Screw for fastening components to a substructure made of wood or wood-based materials or for use in conjunction with a plastic dowel
Die Neuerung betrifft eine Schraube zum Befestigen von Bauteilen an einem Unterbau aus Holz oder Holzwerkstoffen oder zum Einsatz im Zusammenwirken mit einem Kunststoffdübel, bestehend aus einem Schraubenkopf mit einem Angriffsabschnitt, einem Schaft und einer Eindringspitze, wobei ein Gewinde von der Eindringspitze ausgehend über wenigstens einen Teil der Länge des Schaftes geführt ist.The innovation relates to a screw for fastening components to a substructure made of wood or wood-based materials or for use in conjunction with a plastic dowel, consisting of a screw head with an attack section, a shaft and a penetration tip, with a thread running from the penetration tip over at least part of the length of the shaft.
Es gibt eine Vielzahl von Ausführungsvarianten bei Holzschrauben bzw. Schrauben, die in Kunststoffdübel eingesetzt werden, wobei auch schon die verschiedensten Ausbildungen von Gewinden am Schaft vorgeschlagen wurden. Bei solchen Schrauben ist es wesentlich, daß sie sich nach kurzem Andrücken selbst in den Unterbau bzw. den Kunststoffdübel hineinziehen, und daß dieses Setzen in relativ kurzer Zeit vor sich gehen kann, wobei diese Vorteile gerade bei Schrauben mit einem Holzgewinde und somit einer entsprechend großen Steigung erzielt werden können.There are a number of different versions of wood screws or screws that are used in plastic dowels, and a wide variety of thread designs on the shaft have already been proposed. With such screws, it is important that they pull themselves into the base or the plastic dowel after a short press, and that this setting can take place in a relatively short time, whereby these advantages can be achieved particularly with screws with a wood thread and thus a correspondingly large pitch.
Die vorliegende Neuerung hat sich nun zur Aufgabe gestellt, eine Schraube der eingangs genannten Art wesentlich zu verbessern, indem die Rückdrehsicherheit erhöht und die Ausreißwerte verbessert werden.The aim of this innovation is to significantly improve a screw of the type mentioned above by increasing the resistance to reverse rotation and improving the tear-out values.
Neuerungsgemäß gelingt dies dadurch, daß am Schaft wenigstens zwei Gewindeabschnitte ausgebildet sind, welche unmittelbar ineinander übergehen und durchgehend eine gleiche Gewindesteigung und einen gleichen Gewindeaußendurchmesser aufweisen, wobei der erste, von der Eindringspitze ausgehende Gewindeabschnitt einen Gewindegang mit schneidenartiger äußerer Begrenzung und der Gewindegang des zweiten Gewindeabschnittes eine abgeflachte bzw. stumpfe äußere Begrenzung aufweist, und daß die Gewindegänge beider Gewindeabschnitte den gleichen Flankenwinkel haben.According to the innovation, this is achieved by the fact that at least two thread sections are formed on the shaft, which merge directly into one another and have the same thread pitch and the same external thread diameter throughout, whereby the first thread section, starting from the penetration tip, has a thread with a cutting edge-like outer boundary and the thread of the second thread section has a flattened or blunt outer boundary, and that the threads of both thread sections have the same flank angle.
Durch diese neuerungsgemäßen Maßnahmen wird erreicht, daß die Schraube rasch und wie bei einem Holzschraubengewinde üblich, optimal in den Untergrund eingedreht werden kann, wobei jedoch an den ersten Gewindeabschnitt ein zweiter Gewindeabschnitt anschließt, der die Gewindegänge nicht noch tiefer einschneidet, sondern im Unterbau bzw. im Kunststoffdübel eine Verdichtung des Materials bewirkt, indem der Gewindegang im zweiten Gewindeabschnitt im Querschnitt insgesamt größer geworden ist. Wenn nämlich bei einem Gewindegang der Gewindeaußendurchmesser, der Kerndurchmesser und der Flankenwinkel gleich bleiben und noch zusätzlich die äußerste Begrenzung eines Gewindeganges abgeflacht bzw. stumpf ausgeführt wird, dann ist auch der Fuß dieses Gewindeganges breiter geworden, so daß sich der Querschnitt des Gewindeganges vergrößert hat. Die Ge-These innovative measures ensure that the screw can be screwed into the substrate quickly and optimally, as is usual with a wood screw thread, whereby the first thread section is followed by a second thread section, which does not cut the threads any deeper, but causes the material in the substructure or plastic dowel to be compacted by making the thread in the second thread section larger overall in cross-section. If the outer diameter of a thread, the core diameter and the flank angle remain the same and the outermost boundary of a thread is flattened or blunt, then the base of this thread has also become wider, so that the cross-section of the thread has increased. The
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windeflanken des Gewindeganges des zweiten Gewindeabschnittes drücken daher mit entsprechend großer Kraft an die bereits vom Gewindegang des ersten Gewindeabschnittes hergestellten Begrenzungen der Gewindegänge im Untergrund bzw. im Kunststoffdübel, so daß durch diese größere Anpreßkraft nicht nur die Rückdrehsicherheit verbessert, sondern insgesamt eine wesentliche Verbesserung der Haltekraft und somit der Ausreißwerte erzielt wird. Es wird also nach dem Einschneiden des Gewindes im ersten Gewindeabschnitt eine weitere Verfestigung bzw. ein weiteres Zusammendrükken im Bereich der Gewindeflanken erzielt, so daß es zu einem wesentlich höheren Kraftschluß zwischen der Schraube und dem Unterbau aus Holz oder Holzwerkstoffen bzw. dem Kunststoffdübel kommt.The thread flanks of the second thread section therefore press with a correspondingly high force against the thread boundaries in the substrate or in the plastic dowel that have already been created by the thread of the first thread section, so that this greater contact force not only improves the security against reverse rotation, but also achieves a significant improvement in the holding force and thus the tear-out values. After the thread has been cut in the first thread section, further hardening or further compression is achieved in the area of the thread flanks, so that a significantly higher force connection is achieved between the screw and the substructure made of wood or wood materials or the plastic dowel.
Um weiters die Möglichkeit eines raschen Setzens einer solchen Schraube noch zu verbessern, wird vorgeschlagen, daß in beiden Gewindeabschnitten ein zweigängiges Gewinde vorgesehen ist. Dadurch erhöht sich die Gewindesteigung um ein wesentliches Maß, so daß eine solche Schraube mit nur wenigen Umdrehungen gesetzt werden kann. Gerade bei einer relativ großen Gewindesteigung ist die Ausbildung mit dem zweiten Gewindeabschnitt und der besonderen Ausgestaltung des Gewindeganges sehr vorteilhaft, da bei einem zweigängigen Gewinde die Verbesserung der Rückdrehsicherheit, die bessere Haltekraft und die Erhöhung der Ausreißwerte von wesentlicher Bedeutung sind.In order to further improve the possibility of quickly setting such a screw, it is suggested that a two-start thread be provided in both thread sections. This increases the thread pitch by a significant amount, so that such a screw can be set with just a few turns. Especially with a relatively large thread pitch, the design with the second thread section and the special design of the thread is very advantageous, since with a two-start thread, the improvement in the resistance to reverse rotation, the better holding power and the increase in the tear-out values are of essential importance.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung sieht vor, daß der Flankenwinkel der Gewindegänge beider Gewindeabschnitte zumindest annähernd 70° beträgt. Daraus ergibt sich sozusagen ein stumpfer Gewindegang, was sich insbesondere im zweiten Gewindeabschnitt sehr positiv auswirkt. Es erfolgt kein Schneiden, sondern ein Drücken, was sich speziell bei einem Einsatz in einem Kunststoffdübel, aber auch bei einer Spanplatte vorteilhaft auswirkt.A further advantageous design provides that the flank angle of the threads of both thread sections is at least approximately 70°. This results in a blunt thread, so to speak, which has a very positive effect, especially in the second thread section. There is no cutting, but rather pressing, which is particularly advantageous when used in a plastic dowel, but also in a chipboard.
Damit ein optimales Ansetzen der Schraube erfolgen kann und ein rasches Eindringen bewirkt wird, wird vorgeschlagen, daß die Eindringspitze einen Winkel von zumindest annähernd 40° aufweist.In order to ensure optimal positioning of the screw and rapid penetration, it is suggested that the penetration tip has an angle of at least approximately 40°.
Im ersten Gewindeabschnitt soll ja der Gewindegang von der Eindringspitze ausgehend mit einer schneidenartigen äußeren Begrenzung versehen sein. Dabei hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, daß die Breite der äußeren Begrenzung des Gewindeganges im Bereich des ersten Gewindeabschnittes in Achsrichtung des Schaftes gemessen maximal 0,15 mm beträgt. Aus fertigungstechnischen Gründen ist in der Regel eine exakte, auf Null auslaufende Schneide kaum herstellbar. Zur Erzielung einer optimalen Wirkung soll eben die Breite der äußeren Begrenzung des Gewindeganges nicht über einen entsprechenden Maximalwert hinausgehen.In the first thread section, the thread should be provided with a cutting edge-like outer boundary starting from the penetration tip. It has proven to be advantageous that the width of the outer boundary of the thread in the area of the first thread section measured in the axial direction of the shaft is a maximum of 0.15 mm. For manufacturing reasons, it is usually almost impossible to produce an exact cutting edge that tapers to zero. To achieve an optimal effect, the width of the outer boundary of the thread should not exceed a corresponding maximum value.
Beim zweiten Gewindeabschnitt genügt bereits eine geringfügig erhöhte Breite, um die optimale Wirkung zu erzielen. Deshalb ist vorgesehen, daß die Breite der äußeren Begrenzung des Gewindeganges im Bereich des zweiten Gewindeabschnittes in Achsrichtung des Schaftes gemessen wenigstens an-In the second thread section, a slightly increased width is sufficient to achieve the optimal effect. Therefore, it is intended that the width of the outer boundary of the thread in the area of the second thread section measured in the axial direction of the shaft is at least
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nähernd 0,3 mm beträgt. Es ergibt sich dadurch bereits eine wesentliche Verbreiterung des Gewindeganges und somit ein weiteres Eindrücken dieses Gewindeganges in der bereits durch den ersten Gewindeabschnitt hergestellten Gewindeöffnung.is approximately 0.3 mm. This results in a significant widening of the thread and thus a further depression of this thread in the thread opening already created by the first thread section.
Weitere neuerungsgemäße Merkmale und besondere Vorteile werden in der nachstehenden Beschreibung anhand der Zeichnung noch näher erläutert. Es zeigen:Further innovative features and special advantages are explained in more detail in the following description based on the drawing. They show:
Fig. 1 eine Schraube, bei welcher das Gewinde über den ganzen Schaft geführt ist;Fig. 1 a screw in which the thread runs along the entire shaft;
Fig. 2 eine Schraube, bei der das Gewinde über einen Teilabschnitt der Länge des Schaftes geführt ist.Fig. 2 a screw in which the thread runs along a portion of the length of the shaft.
Die in der nachstehenden Beschreibung erläuterte Schraube 1 dient zur Befestigung von irgendwelchen Bauteilen an einem Unterbau aus Holz oder aus Holzwerkstoffen oder aber zum Einsatz im Zusammenwirken mit einem Kunststoff dübel. Es geht also um eine Schraube, bei der das Gewinde im wesentlichen nach Art eines Holzschraubengewindes ausgeführt ist, wobei sich die Schraube das Loch in einem Unterbau aus Holz oder Holzwerkstoffen selbst formt, das Gewinde schneidet und sich selbst in einen Kunststoffdübel hineinzieht bzw. selbst das Gewinde formt.The screw 1 explained in the following description is used to fasten any kind of component to a substructure made of wood or wood-based materials or to be used in conjunction with a plastic dowel. It is therefore a screw in which the thread is essentially designed in the manner of a wood screw thread, whereby the screw forms the hole itself in a substructure made of wood or wood-based materials, cuts the thread and pulls itself into a plastic dowel or forms the thread itself.
Die beiden dargestellten Ausführungsformen nach den Fig. 1 und 2 sind im wesentlichen exakt gleich gestaltet, wobei jedoch bei der zweiten Ausführung zusätzlich ein gewindefreier Abschnitt des Schaftes vorgesehen ist. Dies wird insbesondere bei längeren Schrauben, aber auch bei Schrauben, welche entsprechend dickere Bauteile zu befestigen haben, der Fall sein.The two embodiments shown in Fig. 1 and 2 are essentially exactly the same, although the second embodiment also has a thread-free section of the shaft. This will be the case in particular with longer screws, but also with screws that have to fasten correspondingly thicker components.
Die Schraube 1 besteht aus einem Schraubenkopf 2 mit einem Angriffsabschnitt 3, einem Schaft 4 und einer Eindringspitze 5. Am Schaft 4 sind zwei Gewindeabschnitte A und B ausgebildet, welche unmittelbar ineinander übergehen und durchgehend eine gleiche Gewindesteigung S, einen gleichen Gewindeaußendurchmesser D und gegebenenfalls einen gleichen Kerndurchmesser K aufweisen. Der erste, von der Eindringspitze 5 ausgehende Gewindeabschnitt A weist einen Gewindegang 6 mit schneidenartiger äußerer Begrenzung 7 auf. Der Gewindegang 8 des zweiten Gewindeabschnittes B weist eine abgeflachte bzw. stumpfe äußere Begrenzung 9 auf. Die Gewindegänge 6 und 8 beider Gewindeabschnitte A und B haben den gleichen Flankenwinkel &bgr; von annähernd 70°. Der Kerndurchmesser K kann im Bereich des Gewindeabschnittes B fertigungsbedingt auch geringfügig größer sein als im Gewindeabschnitt A.The screw 1 consists of a screw head 2 with an attack section 3, a shaft 4 and a penetration tip 5. Two thread sections A and B are formed on the shaft 4, which merge directly into one another and have the same thread pitch S, the same thread outer diameter D and, if necessary, the same core diameter K throughout. The first thread section A, which starts from the penetration tip 5, has a thread pitch 6 with a cutting edge-like outer boundary 7. The thread pitch 8 of the second thread section B has a flattened or blunt outer boundary 9. The thread pitches 6 and 8 of both thread sections A and B have the same flank angle β of approximately 70°. The core diameter K can also be slightly larger in the area of the thread section B than in the thread section A due to manufacturing reasons.
In beiden Gewindeabschnitten A und B ist ein zweigängiges Gewinde vorgesehen. In Richtung zur Eindringspitze 5 hin nimmt die Höhe des Gewindeganges - wie bei Holzschrauben üblich - ab und der Schlußabschnitt des Gewindeganges 6 ist bis unmittelbar zur Eindringspitze 5 geführt, so daß ein rasches Erfassen beim Eindrehen stattfinden kann.A double-start thread is provided in both thread sections A and B. In the direction of the penetration tip 5, the height of the thread decreases - as is usual with wood screws - and the final section of the thread 6 is led directly to the penetration tip 5, so that a rapid grip can take place when screwing in.
P0212DE-GM Seite 4P0212EN-GM Page 4
Infolge der besonderen Ausbildung der äußeren Begrenzungen 7 bzw. 9 der Gewindegänge 6 bzw. 8 ergeben sich im Bereich des Kerndurchmessers gemessen auch unterschiedliche Breiten des Fußes der Gewindegänge. Die Breite C1 im Bereich des Gewindeabschnittes A ist dabei kleiner als die Breite C2 im Gewindeabschnitt B.Due to the special design of the outer boundaries 7 and 9 of the threads 6 and 8, there are also different widths of the base of the threads measured in the area of the core diameter. The width C1 in the area of the thread section A is smaller than the width C2 in the thread section B.
Obwohl die äußere Begrenzung 7 des Gewindeganges 6 als schneidenartig ausgebildet bezeichnet wird, kann es aus Fertigungsgründen vorkommen, daß diese doch eine bestimmte Breite aufweist. Für eine optimale Wirkung sollte die Breite B1 jedoch maximal 0,15 mm betragen, wobei dies auf eine Schraube mit einem Gewindeaußendurchmesser D von etwa 4,0 mm bezogen ist. Natürlich hängt die Breite B1 von der besonderen Gewindeform, von der Dicke der Schraube und von ganz speziellen Kriterien, welche die Schraube für einen besonderen Unterbau aufbringen muß, ab.Although the outer boundary 7 of the thread 6 is described as being designed like a cutting edge, it can happen for manufacturing reasons that it has a certain width. For optimum effect, the width B1 should be a maximum of 0.15 mm, whereby this is based on a screw with an outer thread diameter D of approximately 4.0 mm. Of course, the width B1 depends on the particular thread shape, the thickness of the screw and very specific criteria that the screw must meet for a particular substructure.
Bei einer Schraube dieser Größe, d.h. bei einer Schraube mit einem Außendurchmesser von etwa 4,0 mm, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Breite B2 der äußeren Begrenzung 9 des Gewindeganges 8 im zweiten Gewindeabschnitt B wenigstens annähernd 0,3 mm beträgt.For a screw of this size, i.e. for a screw with an outer diameter of approximately 4.0 mm, it is advantageous if the width B2 of the outer boundary 9 of the thread 8 in the second thread section B is at least approximately 0.3 mm.
Die Eindringspitze 5 weist vorteilhaft einen Winkel &agr; von zumindest annähernd 40° auf, wobei sich dies nicht nur beim Eindrehen in Holz oder Holzwerkstoffe positiv auswirkt, sondern auch beim Eindrehen in einen Kunststoffdübel.The penetration tip 5 advantageously has an angle α of at least approximately 40°, whereby this has a positive effect not only when screwing into wood or wood materials, but also when screwing into a plastic dowel.
In der vorstehenden Beschreibung ist von einem Kunststoffdübel die Rede. Selbstverständlich kann jede Art von Kunststoffen oder beispielsweise auch Nylon eingesetzt werden. Denkbar ist es auch, anstelle eines Kunststoffdübels einen entsprechenden Leichtmetalldübel einzusetzen, wobei die neuerungsgemäße Schraube in einem solchen Falle ebenfalls vorteilhaft verwendet werden kann. Zudem kann die Schraube durch spezielle Oberflächenbehandlung allen notwendigen Einsatzzwecken angepaßt werden, und vor allem ist es auch möglich, durch spezielle Oberflächenbehandlung das Eindrehverhalten oder aber die Rückdrehsicherheit noch zu erhöhen.The above description refers to a plastic dowel. Of course, any type of plastic or nylon, for example, can be used. It is also conceivable to use a corresponding light metal dowel instead of a plastic dowel, whereby the new screw can also be used advantageously in such a case. In addition, the screw can be adapted to all necessary purposes through special surface treatment, and above all it is also possible to increase the screwing behavior or the reverse rotation security through special surface treatment.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE29621340U DE29621340U1 (en) | 1996-12-09 | 1996-12-09 | Screw for fastening components to a substructure made of wood or wooden materials or for use in conjunction with a plastic dowel |
| AT76097U AT2549U1 (en) | 1996-12-09 | 1997-12-05 | SCREW FOR FASTENING COMPONENTS ON A BASE IN WOOD OR WOOD MATERIALS OR FOR USE IN INTERACTION WITH A PLASTIC DOWEL |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE29621340U DE29621340U1 (en) | 1996-12-09 | 1996-12-09 | Screw for fastening components to a substructure made of wood or wooden materials or for use in conjunction with a plastic dowel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE29621340U1 true DE29621340U1 (en) | 1998-04-09 |
Family
ID=8033026
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE29621340U Expired - Lifetime DE29621340U1 (en) | 1996-12-09 | 1996-12-09 | Screw for fastening components to a substructure made of wood or wooden materials or for use in conjunction with a plastic dowel |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT2549U1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE29621340U1 (en) |
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| EP1093774A1 (en) * | 1999-10-21 | 2001-04-25 | Karl Storz GmbH & Co. KG | Interference screw |
| DE20211445U1 (en) | 2002-07-12 | 2002-10-10 | Duve Umformtechnik GmbH, 58809 Neuenrade | Wood construction screw |
| EP1233194A3 (en) * | 2001-02-19 | 2002-11-06 | HILTI Aktiengesellschaft | Screw for concrete |
| DE102004051082A1 (en) * | 2004-10-19 | 2006-05-11 | Friedrich Battenfeld | Connecting element with external thread, in particular chipboard screw |
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| US8303604B2 (en) | 2004-11-05 | 2012-11-06 | Biomet Sports Medicine, Llc | Soft tissue repair device and method |
| US8317825B2 (en) | 2004-11-09 | 2012-11-27 | Biomet Sports Medicine, Llc | Soft tissue conduit device and method |
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|---|---|
| AT2549U1 (en) | 1998-12-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| R163 | Identified publications notified | ||
| R207 | Utility model specification |
Effective date: 19980520 |
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| R150 | Utility model maintained after payment of first maintenance fee after three years |
Effective date: 20000111 |
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| R157 | Lapse of ip right after 6 years |
Effective date: 20030701 |