DE29621184U1 - Shovel loader with large loading height - Google Patents

Description

Karl Schaeff GmbH & Co. Maschinenfabrik Sch 7266

74595 Langenburg

Shovel loader with high loading height

The invention relates to a shovel loader, preferably an articulated loader, in which the loader frame is arranged on the front carriage, the drive motor on the rear carriage and the articulated axle is generally arranged centrally between the wheel axles.

As part of the disposal of waste materials, bulk materials such as garbage, hazardous waste, plastic waste, bark chips, shredded wood, light scrap, etc. are increasingly being transported by truck for reprocessing and/or to landfills/incineration plants. In order to keep the number of transport journeys to a minimum, trucks with loading superstructures or containers with a large loading capacity are used, where the upper edge height of the side or tail lift walls is up to 4.2 m, fully utilizing the permissible total vehicle height. In order to be able to load such vehicles with a conventional shovel loader, ramps have previously been used or the vehicles have been lowered. According to another loading method, swap containers are removed from the vehicle for loading and then mounted on after loading. Telescopic forklifts equipped with shovels are also known, the telescopic arm of which is extended to achieve the large loading height. However, this solution is dangerous, as the centre of gravity of the load picked up with the shovel changes and thus the stability of the loading vehicle

with the telescopic arm extended. Conventional shovel loaders available for the work described above have a bucket capacity of between approx. 1.5 and 2.5 m ³ and a loading height with the bucket tipped out of between approx. 2.8 and 3.0 m. For use under the difficult conditions mentioned, the existing loading height must therefore be increased by approx. 1.2 to 1.4 m.

The object of the invention is to provide a fully functional shovel loader, preferably with articulated steering, which can penetrate into piles of material, carry out steering corrections during pushing work and, if necessary, has high breakout forces, as well as being able to quickly raise the load without additional aids using the loading arm alone to such a height that the shovel can be emptied beyond a high tail lift and then driven back without resetting.

This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1. - Since in the proposed design the pivot point of the loading arm, which in conventional articulated loaders is located in front of the cabin and usually in front of the articulated joint axis, is moved both backwards to well behind the articulated joint axis and upwards to approximately the height of the cabin roof, a relatively long loading arm is created. Due to this length, the circular arc segment through which the front end (bucket pivot point) of this loading arm travels until a certain loading height is reached is reduced by a certain angle, in contrast to conventional loaders with a short loading arm. This reduced swivel angle of a longer loading arm to reach the certain height has the advantage that a favorable swivel path can be achieved along the swivel path of the loading arm via the swivel cylinder(s).

or more evenly distributed lifting moment curve. In addition, the aforementioned reduced swivel angle of the loading arm means that the distance of the bucket from the vehicle's center of gravity, which is important for the stability and driving characteristics of the shovel loader, does not change or only changes insignificantly. This feature is also important in that the driver already knows the distance from the front wheels when filling the bucket on the ground, which is also what the raised bucket takes up when tipping over and beyond the tail lift of a container, so that he can easily bring the vehicle to the correct distance from the container.

To ensure that no component protrudes beyond the envelope curve described by their outer edges when the front and rear carriages are steered, the loader frame and the loading arm are arranged so far off-center in the rear area that a driver's cabin of standard dimensions (970 mm wide) can be accommodated on the front carriage. Since the cabin is located on the front carriage approximately above the front axle to the side of the loader frame, the driver has an unobstructed view of the movements of the bucket and its working engagement with the load stored on the ground.

In order to give the driver the additional opportunity to view the filling space of a truck or container via a high tail lift and to observe its filling level as well as the movements of the raised or emptying loading shovel, upper and lower parallel links can be attached to the supporting floor of the driver's cab. These are supported directly or indirectly on the extended connecting section of the loader frame, mounted and can be swiveled to adjust the height of the driver's cab.

The height adjustment of the driver's cab is achieved in a space-saving and cost-effective manner by mounting the parallel links on lateral extensions of the swivel axes of the loading arm and a bucket parallel guide rod extending from the loader frame.

The loader frame preferably consists of side walls that start from the base of the front carriage, are laterally stiffened against each other and extend vertically on both sides of the loading arm upwards and backwards to over the rear carriage, which are connected at their rear ends and/or undersides by stiffening plates. On the rear carriage, a front free space can be provided that is adapted to the lateral swivel path of the loader frame and is limited to the rear at the height of the superstructure of the rear carriage by a combustion and cooling air inlet.

Since when working with light material, the loading shovel and also the wheels stir up bits of paper, Styrofoam or fabric and dust, which usually fill up the air intake grilles arranged on the side of the hood, according to the invention the air intake grille forms part of the boundary of the front free space of the rear carriage, because the air there is least exposed to dust and stirred up light material, especially since the free space there is largely covered at the top by a stiffening plate connecting the underside of the side walls of the loader frame. The heated exhaust air is blown out upwards at the back of the rear carriage, so that the formation of a so-called air short circuit is physically avoided.

To improve the rigidity of the height adjustment device for the driver's cab, at least the lower parallel link can be a widened hollow

in which the electrical and hydraulic control cables leading out of the driver's cab are laid in a protected manner and whose width is approximately the same as or close to the width of the cab.

Since the parallel link(s) belonging to the front of the vehicle are arranged on one side next to the loader frame and extend far beyond the rear of the vehicle and it cannot be avoided that the rear side area of the parallel link protrudes beyond the envelope curve when the vehicle is turned, in order to avoid this lateral overhang, the widened parallel link is tapered from front to rear in adaptation to the envelope curve.

According to a variant of the shovel loader according to the invention, the loading arm mounted between the side walls of the loader frame is moved by a telescopic arm with an approximately rectangular cross-section, which has a sleeve part, a hydraulically adjustable extension part guided therein, and a nose attached to the front of the extension part with connections for the loading shovel. As long as the extension part is retracted into the sleeve part, the same working movements are carried out with the loading shovel connected to the nose as with a loading arm, but, for example, with the telescopic arm raised, the range, in particular the discharge height of the loading shovel, can be increased considerably if necessary by extending the extension part. The stability of the vehicle is also guaranteed in this case due to the loader frame being guided well above the rear of the vehicle.

Preferably, the loading shovel or the telescopic arm is provided in the area of the front end with a symmetrical to the vehicle longitudinal center axis.

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widened section for connecting the loading shovel, so that commercially available loading shovel arms can be used and the thrust generated by the vehicle wheels is evenly transferred to the loading shovel via the swing arm or telescopic arm.

Further features and advantages of the shovel loader according to the invention will become apparent from the following description of embodiments based on the drawings. These show schematically

Fig. 1 a side view of a shovel loader in front of a large-capacity truck indicated in outline, with the loading arm in an upper end position, the loading shovel in its dumping position and the driver's cab in a raised position,

Fig. 2 is a plan view of a loading machine according to Fig. 1 in the steered state, in which the driver's cab and its parallel steering arm are positioned within the narrowest envelope curve and are at a safe distance from the envelope curve described by the lowered loading shovel,

Fig. 3 a side view of a shovel loader similar to Fig. 1, but from the opposite side and with the driver's cabin permanently mounted on the front of the vehicle and with the lowered loading arm partially cut away, and

Fig. 4 is a side view similar to Fig. 3, where the loading arm is replaced by a telescopic arm.

A loader frame 5 and a driver's cabin 20 are arranged on the front carriage 1 of an articulated loader. The front carriage 1 is connected to a rear carriage 2 by means of a vertical articulated axle 17. The vehicle comprises a front axle 3 and a rear axle 4, each with tires. Fig. 2 shows the vehicle state steered at the maximum articulated steering angle.

A loader frame 5 is attached to the front carriage 1, the base of which extends essentially over its entire length. This base is continued with a rear connection section 5a that slopes backwards and upwards to well behind the articulated joint axis 17 and to approximately the height of the roof of a driver's cabin 20 that is fixed to the front carriage as shown in Fig. 3. The loader frame 5 consists over its length of two side walls 5b (Fig. 2) that extend in vertical planes on both sides of a loading arm 6 upwards and backwards to over the rear carriage, which can be connected to one another, for example, along the upwardly inclined lower edge and on the back of the connection section 5a by struts or stiffening plates 5c in order to form a channel that is closed at the bottom as shown in Fig. 3. Dirt and small parts of the loaded goods slide down through this channel to the ground in front of the front axle 4.

At the end of the connecting section 5a of the loader frame, preferably at its greatest height, the rear end of the loading arm 6 is mounted on a swivel axis 14. A rear section 18 of the loading arm 6 is designed as a stiffened hollow box or rectangular frame, from whose front cross tube 18a two lateral swing arms 6a extend as a cross-stiffened frame between the cheeks 5b of the loader frame.

are guided forwards. According to Fig. 3, the loading arm 6 ends through the one cranked arm 6a in a transversely stiffened front section 19 which is widened so that both arms 6a are available there with articulation points for the loading shovel 8 arranged symmetrically to the vehicle's longitudinal center axis. One or two lifting cylinders 7 engage the cross tube 18a of the loading arm 6 for its pivot adjustment, which are supported in an articulated manner at 16 on the connecting section 5a of the loader frame 5 according to Fig. 3.

The tilting kinematics of the loading shovel 8 include a tilting cylinder 9, the rear end of which is connected to a deflection lever 12 mounted between the swing arms as shown in Fig. 2, 3. The front end of the tilting cylinder 9 engages a tilting lever 10 mounted on the swing arm 6, the upper end of which is connected to the loading shovel 8 via a link 11. The lower end of the deflection lever 12 is connected in an articulated manner to a deflection rod 13, which has a swivel axis 15 below the swivel axis 14 on the connecting section 5a of the loader frame 5 and serves to guide the shovel position set by the tilting cylinder 9 in parallel during swivel movements of the loading swing arm. - In order to place the swivel axis 14 of the loading swing arm 6 as high as possible, the bearing axis 15 of the deflection rod 13 is not arranged above but below the swivel axis 14 as usual. Since the parallel guide rod needs an intermediate link anyway due to the great length of the loading arm in order to avoid buckling, the intermediate link in the example is designed as a reversing lever 12. The bucket parallel guide shown can be replaced by other lever systems, e.g. by a so-called Z-kinematics or by known hydraulically or electronically controlled systems.

The fixed driver's cabin 20 on the front of the vehicle 1 in Fig. 3 is located close to the very front edge of the vehicle and enables the best visibility, which is not restricted from the side, since the top of the loader frame 5, which runs past the cabin, only reaches up to seat height. If the view from a fixed cabin is not sufficient, a height-adjustable cabin can be implemented with little additional effort due to the space available.

According to Fig. 1, at least one lower and one upper link 22 and 23 are hinged to two rear connections of the cabin floor 21, one above the other, which run parallel to one another and are mounted on lateral extensions of the pivot axes 14 and 15. To pivot the parallel links 22, 23 and thus to adjust the height of the driver's cabin 20, a cabin cylinder 24 is hinged to the connection section 5a of the loader frame, the end of the piston rod of which engages a counter bearing 25 of the parallel link 22. The raised position of the driver's cabin 20 shown in solid lines in Fig. 1 ensures the driver a wide overview in order to observe the tipping process of the bucket well and to avoid overloading the truck 30.

In order to allow unhindered lateral pivoting of the connection section of the loader frame 5, which extends far to the rear, a free space is provided on the front part of the rear carriage 2 in front of its superstructure. Since this free space forms the area that remains largely free of swirling dust and light material, an air inlet grille 26 is arranged in the front wall of the engine cover, which is slanted towards the free space. The air heated by the engine is blown out of the engine cover by a fan through an upper rear air outlet grille 27.

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Fig. 2 shows the extreme steering position between the front and rear carriages with the resulting narrowest envelope curve 28, to which lateral tapers at the end of the driver's cabin 20 and the lower parallel link 22 are adapted in the direction of its connecting end on the laterally extended swivel axis 15. The lower parallel link 22 is a box girder capable of keeping the driver's cabin 20 stable in all height positions, so that a single slim upper link 23 near the loader frame 5 is sufficient for parallel guidance.

Fig. 4 shows an articulated loader similar to Fig. 3, but in which the rear end of a telescopic arm 31 is mounted on the upper pivot axis 14 of the loader frame 5 instead of a loading arm 6. The telescopic arm 31 has a square or rectangular cross-section and consists of a sleeve part 32 which is pivoted by one or two lifting cylinders 7 between the lower and upper end positions shown, similar to the adjustment angle of the loading arm 6. An extension part 33 is slidably guided in the sleeve part 32, which is driven by an inner telescopic cylinder 34 supported in the sleeve part 32 and can be extended over a stroke x.

A nose frame 35 is attached to the front end of the extension part 33, which has a cross-section adapted to the sleeve part 32. This nose frame 35, like the front area of the loading arm according to Fig. 2, is widened symmetrically to the vehicle’s longitudinal center axis and to which the loading shovel 8 is connected. The side parts of the nose frame 35 can be stiffened against each other by a cross tube 38 as before, on which levers of a tilting kinematics 10, 11 for pivoting the loading shovel 8 are mounted.

When the tilting kinematics is activated, the piston rod end of a tilting cylinder 9 engages the tilting lever 10, which is mounted between two web plates 36 attached to the nose frame 35.

To guide the loading shovel 8 parallel during a swivel adjustment of the telescopic arm 31, a displacement cylinder 37 can be provided, which is mounted on the swivel axis 16 and engages with its piston rod end on the sleeve part 32 near the swivel axis 14. The displacement cylinder 37 is hydraulically connected to the tilting cylinder 36 in a known manner so that it pushes a corresponding amount of oil into the tilting cylinder 9 during the upward or downward swiveling of the telescopic arm 31 in order to keep the loading shovel 8 or other tools parallel in the initially set position regardless of the lifting height or the angular position of the telescopic arm 31. The retracted telescopic arm 31 including the front nose frame 35 together preferably have the same length as the loading arm 6 and can be permanently or interchangeably attached to the same loader frame 5.

Most of the essential features described above are not only applicable to articulated loaders, but also, with the same or other advantages, to wheel loaders with axle or all-wheel steering, whereby in this case the position of the articulated joint axis corresponds approximately to the longitudinal center of the distance between the two wheel axles.

Claims (10)

Karl Schaeff GmbH & Co. Maschinenfabrik Sch 7266 Claims 1. Shovel loader, in particular articulated loader, in which the loader frame is on the front carriage, the drive motor on the rear carriage and the articulated axle is generally arranged centrally between the wheel axles, characterised in that that the pivot axis (14) of the loading arm (6) is arranged on a connecting section (5a) of the loader frame (5) that extends well behind the articulated joint axis (17) and at most to approximately the height of a driver's cab roof, that and at least one rear area of the loading arm (6) are offset to one side with respect to the vehicle's longitudinal center axis so that the driver's cab (20) can be accommodated on the opposite side of the front vehicle (1) without protruding beyond the envelope curve (28) described by the contour of the steered vehicle. 2. Shovel loader according to claim 1, characterized in that upper and lower parallel links (22, 23) engage the floor (21) of the driver's cab (20), which are indirectly supported and mounted on the extended connecting section (5a) of the loader frame (5) and can be pivoted to adjust the height of the driver's cab. 3. Shovel loader according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the parallel links (22, 23) are mounted on lateral extensions of the swivel axes (14, 15) of the loading arm (6) and a deflection rod (13) (for parallel guidance of the loading shovel during lifting movements of the loading arm) extending from the loader frame (5). 4. Shovel loader according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the loader frame (5) has side walls (5b) attached to the base of the front carriage, which are stiffened against each other up to the rear connection section (5a) and continue in vertical planes on both sides of the loading arm (6) upwards and backwards up to partially over the rear carriage (2) and are connected to each other at their rear edges and lower edges by stiffening plates (5c) and form a channel extending up to the front axle. 5. Shovel loader according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a front free space adapted to the pivoting path of the loader frame (5) is provided on the rear carriage (2), which is delimited at the height of the superstructure by a combustion and cooling air inlet (26), while the air outlet (27) is located at the top rear of the rear carriage. 6. Shovel loader according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that at least the lower parallel link (22) is designed as a stiffened hollow box the width of which corresponds approximately to the cabin width or is approximately 7. Shovel loader according to claim 6, characterized in that the widened parallel link (22) is tapered from front to rear in adaptation to the enveloping circle (28) described by the steered vehicle. 8. Shovel loader according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the loading arm (6) is designed as a stiffened box frame at least over a rear longitudinal section (18). -Ü4 9. Shovel loader according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the loading arm can be replaced by a telescopic arm (31) with a rectangular cross-section, which has a sleeve part (32), a hydraulically operated extension part (33) and a nose (35) attached to the extension part with connections for the loading shovel (8). 10. Shovel loader according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the loading arm (6) or the telescopic arm (31) has a section (19) widened symmetrically to the longitudinal center axis of the vehicle at the front end, to which the loading shovel (8) is connected.