DE29610368U1 - Door hinge part and door hinge made from it - Google Patents

Abstract

The hinge has a sleeve (3,30) containing the hinge bolt (35), the sleeve material having a tendency not to melt in the case of fire. The sleeve is fabricated separately from the flaps (2,31) and is joined to them by welding. At least one end-side end part of the sleeve has an injection moulded, easily fusible plastic container going through the main bearing ring (32). A spare bearing ring (33) fits into the container and is made of poorly fusible material. In the event of a fire the main bearing ring melts and the spare bearing ring supports the sleeve which consists of a separately produced body welded to the loop. The container consists of a recess in the main bearing ring left free during injection moulding. The sleeve has at least one plastic-filled slot on its end holding the main bearing ring, and has a plastic inner casing (17).

Description

EN 7037 : :

Reinfried Frhr. &ngr;. Schorlemer

Karthäuserstr. 5A 34117 Kassel Germany

Telephone (0561) 15335

(0561)780031

Fax/Telecopter (0561)780032

HEWI Heinrich Wilke GmbH, 34454 Arolsen

Door hinge part and door hinge made from it

The invention relates to a door hinge part according to the preamble of claim 1 and a door hinge made therefrom.

Door hinges and door hinge parts of this type are known (DE 24 06 706 Al ₃ DE 24 19 155 Al). They serve the purpose of ensuring that the door is properly seated in the door opening even in the event of a fire, or of preventing the door from tipping or sagging too much in the frame despite the fact that the main bearing ring made of plastic melts away if too much heat is generated. This problem could be avoided by using only materials that do not melt in the event of a fire. However, the use of meltable plastics is desirable for design reasons and also because they can be used to achieve favorable friction properties for the sliding partners that interact when a door hinge is used.

The hinge parts of such door hinges are manufactured by adding extensions to the tabs made from stamped parts and then forming these into sleeves using an additional rolling process. In a further process, at least the sleeves are then completely or partially coated with plastic in order to form the main bearing rings.

Door hinges of this type are used for fire doors as well as for normal doors

used. When used on normal doors, the plastic-coated sleeves remain unchanged. If, however, the door hinges are to be used on fire doors, the main bearing rings are provided with a recess that is larger than the diameter of the hinge pin and extends to the end of the sleeve by milling or similar, into which a reserve bearing ring made of non-melting material is inserted, which is recessed in the main bearing ring and takes over the door bearing after the main bearing ring has melted away.

The one-piece manufacture of the sleeves with the tabs and the resulting open longitudinal slots in the sleeves are undesirable for reasons of stability and with regard to the tolerances that must be maintained. It is also undesirable that the sleeves have to be manufactured with the same sheet thickness as the tabs, although thinner wall thicknesses are possible in the sleeve area than in the tab area. One consequence of this is increased sleeve diameters, which leads to increased material consumption and other problems both in the tab production and in the injection molding process. In addition, if the door hinges are to be used for fire doors, additional milling processes and subsequent manual operations to insert the reserve bearing rings are required. Both are associated with considerable effort, especially if both ends of a sleeve are to be provided with reserve bearing rings. Therefore, the manufacture of a door hinge used for fire doors is considerably more expensive than the manufacture of a hinge used for normal doors.

door hinge, although both door hinges consist of almost the same parts.

The invention is based on the object of designing the door hinge parts and door hinges of the type mentioned at the beginning in such a way that they can be manufactured more easily and inexpensively and that the manufacturing costs for the two applications mentioned differ only slightly from one another.

The characterizing features of claims 1 and 9 serve to solve this problem.

Further advantageous features of the invention emerge from the subclaims.

The invention is explained in more detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings using preferred embodiments. They show:

Fig. 1 is a front view of a door hinge part according to the invention, to be fastened to a frame, with a tab and a sleeve in the raw state, the sleeve being shown in axial section;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the door hinge part according to Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 and 4 are views corresponding to Fig. 1 and 2 of the door hinge part according to the invention after the sleeve has been coated with plastic;

Fig. 5 and 6 are views of the door hinge part according to the invention corresponding to Fig. 3 and 4 after inserting two reserve bearing rings; 15

Fig. 7 shows a complete door hinge made with the door hinge part according to Fig. 1 to 6 in a section corresponding to Fig. 1;

Fig. 8 shows a door hinge part according to the invention to be attached to a door with an inserted hinge pin; and

Fig. 9 and 10 show a detail X and Y of Fig. 8 in high magnification.

According to Fig. 1 and 2, a door hinge part according to the invention contains a tab 2, which is to be fastened to a frame, for example, and is provided with recesses 1 for fixing, and a sleeve 3, the axis 4 of which is the axis of rotation of the complete door hinge. The tab 2 is expediently made of a punched, plane-parallel plate, e.g. made of sheet steel, while the sleeve 3 is made of a hollow cylindrical hollow body, e.g. made of sheet steel by bending. The two end sections of the sleeve 3 are designed as recesses 5 arranged coaxially with the axis 4 and widening conically outwards. The conical wall sections of the sleeve 3 surrounding the recesses 5 are provided with at least one slot 6 each, in the embodiment with four slots 6 each, which preferably run parallel to the axis 4 and e.g. in

are arranged at equal angular intervals of 90° each around the circumference of the sleeve 3. The recesses 5 and the slots 6 each end at an annular base 7 of the corresponding end section of the sleeve 3, which runs transversely to the axis 4. The slots 6 are applied, for example, after the bending process by cold forming, while the conical shape of the recesses is obtained, for example, by subsequent turning.

The sleeve 3 consists of a separately manufactured body and is connected to the tab 2 by welding, as indicated in Fig. 2 by a weld seam 8, which is expediently provided in the area of the open gap obtained when the sleeve 3 is bent and runs parallel to the axis 4. It is understood that the sleeve 3 is welded to the tab 2 in such a way as is necessary for the arrangement of the sleeve 3 in the finished door hinge.

In a further operation, the sleeve 3 is at least partially covered with plastic. For this purpose, the door hinge part is placed in an injection molding tool and provided with a cylindrical core 9, indicated by dashed lines in Fig. 1, which extends coaxially through the sleeve 3 and whose outer diameter is selected according to the inner diameter that the sleeve 3 is to have after the plastic coating. To fix the sleeve 3 in the injection molding tool, two fixing elements 10 provided with conical ends are preferably used, one of which is shown schematically in Fig. 1. Each fixing element 10 has a conical end with a cross-sectional shape corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the recesses 5 and can be inserted into one of the recesses 5 to fix the sleeve 3 until its front end surface is arranged at a preselected distance from the base 7 and the sleeve 3 is firmly and coaxially fixed to the fixing element 10.

After the sleeve 3, the core 9 and the fixing elements 10 have been arranged in an injection molding tool (not shown in detail), the sprue is made, for example, in the area of one of the slots 6, as is schematically indicated in Fig. 1 by an arrow 12. The plastic mass then reaches, on the one hand, the space between the sleeve 3 and the core 9 and, on the other hand, the spaces between the bases 7 and the fixing elements 10 and from there into the remaining slots 6.

The plastic-coated sleeve 3 can be seen in Fig. 3 and 4, whereby in Fig. 3 the sleeve 3 is shown in black throughout and an applied plastic coating 14 is shown in hatched form. In the exemplary embodiment, the sleeve 3 is completely covered by the coating 14 and forms a finished door hinge part 15 with this and the tab 2. The sections of the coating 14 that protrude axially beyond the front end sections of the sleeve 3 each form a main bearing ring 16 that borders on their front end surfaces and is arranged coaxially to the axis 4, while a section that rests on the inner circumference of the sleeve 3 forms an inner casing 17 that has a passage 18 for a hinge pin (not shown), and a section that rests on the outer circumference of the sleeve 3 forms an outer casing 19. The inner casing 17 acts as a pivot bearing for the hinge pin and has an inner diameter corresponding to the outer diameter of the hinge pin.

The passage 18 opens at both ends into a receptacle 20 which passes through the associated main bearing ring 16 and is formed by a base 21 formed by the associated end face of the inner casing 17 and a peripheral wall 22 which extends coaxially from this and widens conically outwards and extends to the associated main bearing ring 16. The base 21 and the peripheral wall 22 are each separated by thin plastic layers from the associated base 7 or from the wall sections surrounding the recesses 5, so that the casing 14 can be produced as a continuous plastic layer, which is preferred for injection molding reasons. The cone angle of the peripheral wall 22 expediently corresponds to the cone angle of the wall sections surrounding the recesses 5 of the sleeve 3. The slots 6 (Fig. 1, 2) filled with plastic during injection molding serve as a rotation lock between the plastic casing 14 and the sleeve 3.

Fig. 5 and 6 show the door hinge part 15 according to Fig. 3 and 4 with a reserve bearing ring 25 coaxially inserted into the receptacles 20, which is formed, for example, from a plane-parallel disk. The reserve bearing ring 25 has a conical outer shell 26 adapted to the conical peripheral wall 22 of the receptacle 20 and in the direction of the axis 4 a height that is slightly smaller than the distance between the base 21 of the receptacle 20 and the front end surface of the associated main bearing ring 16. In addition, the arrangement is such that the reserve bearing ring 25 due to its conical outer

casing 26 with a slight sliding fit and can be inserted into the receptacle 20 in such a way that it is fixed in the conical peripheral wall 22 by pressing before it can rest with its underside on the base 21. In this position, a narrow gap 27 remains between its upper side and the front end face of the main bearing ring 16, i.e. the reserve bearing ring 25 is arranged countersunk in the main bearing ring 16. The reserve bearing ring 25 has an inner diameter that corresponds to the diameter of the passage 18 or is at most slightly larger than this, and therefore extends the passage 18 up to the front end faces of the main bearing rings 16.

_ 10 Fig. 7 shows a complete door hinge 29 made with the door hinge part 15 according to Fig. 5 and 6. This contains on both sides of the door hinge part 15 a further

Plastic-coated sleeve 30, which are attached to a tab, which is to be attached to a door, for example, at an axial distance corresponding to the sleeve 3 and coaxially to one another. The tab 31, like the tab 2, is expediently made of a plane-parallel, punched plate made of sheet steel or the like, which has means for mounting in the door that are not shown in detail. As with the door hinge part 15, the sleeves 30 consist of hollow bodies that are manufactured separately and connected to the tab 31 by welding. In contrast to the sleeve 3, the sleeves 30 are only provided with main bearing rings 32 on their mutually facing end faces and with conical receptacles that pass through them, in which reserve bearing rings 33 are arranged countersunk. ^ Furthermore, the sleeves 30 are completely covered with plastic, analogous to the sleeves 3, although the free front ends are formed by removable end caps 34.

When the door hinge 29 is assembled, the sleeve 3 is arranged coaxially between the sleeves 30 and, like them, is penetrated by a common hinge pin 35. The main bearing rings 16 (Fig. 5) and 32 (Fig. 7) shown at the top in Fig. 7 slide against one another in a manner known per se under the weight of a door (not shown) when the door is opened and closed.

In the door hinge 29 described, the tabs 2, the sleeves 3,30 and the reserve bearing rings 25,33 are made of a material that is difficult to melt in the event of a fire, e.g. steel, while the main bearing rings 16,32 and the entire casings 14 are made of a

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injection-moldable plastic such as polyamide and thus made of a material that melts easily in the event of a fire. It goes without saying that the tabs 2,31 and the sleeves 3,30 are also made of a weldable material. If the door hinges 29 are therefore used on fire doors, for example, then during normal operation the main bearing rings 16,32 on the one hand and the inner casing and the hinge pin 17,35 on the other hand act together as friction partners, so that favorable friction conditions can be created by choosing the plastic. At the same time, the outer casings 19 and the end caps 34 can be selected according to aesthetic requirements. In the event of a fire, however, the plastic casing 14 begins to melt due to the development of heat, which also applies to the thin plastic layers between the reserve bearing rings 25, 33 and the sleeves 3 and 30, which are each made of a material that does not melt even in the event of a fire, and the inner casings 17. In this case, however, the reserve bearing rings 25, 33 are arranged with only a small amount of play in the recesses 5 of the sleeves 3, 30 even after the plastic casing 14 has completely melted away, so that, depending on the respective installation or load conditions, they are pressed onto the bases 7 (Fig. 1) of the sleeve 3 by the weight of the door, i.e. they become effective by being supported on the sleeves 3. Because the door can only sink slightly in the axial direction and can only tilt slightly transversely to the axis of rotation 4 due to the inner diameter of the reserve bearing rings 25, 33 corresponding to the diameter of the hinge pin 35, the closing function of the door desired in the event of a fire is fully maintained.

A particular advantage of the door hinge 29 according to the invention is that it can also be used in its unchanged form for normal doors, i.e. doors not intended as fire doors. The door hinge 29 can be used either with or without the reserve bearing rings 25, 33 inserted, since these are normally ineffective.

A further advantage of the door hinge described arises when the receptacles 20 and the reserve bearing rings 25 are conical. This allows for easy assembly on the one hand and, on the other hand, causes automatic centering of the reserve bearing rings 25 and 33. In addition, since the sleeves 3,30 are connected to the tabs 2,31 by a simple welding process and no

complex drilling or milling process is required to produce the mounts 20, the production costs for the door hinges 29 are comparatively low regardless of whether they are to be used for fire doors or for normal doors. It can therefore be quite useful to provide all of the mounts 20 of the door hinges facing each other with inserted reserve bearing rings 25,33 even if they are to be used for normal doors, so that identical door hinges can be offered for all types of doors.

Fig. 8 to 10 show a door hinge part 37 with a tab 38 to be fastened to a door, for example, and two sleeves 39 and 40 fastened to this by welding, arranged at an axial distance and coaxially to one another, which, analogously to Fig. 3 to 6, are each provided with a plastic casing 41 and with a receptacle 42 on both end faces. Analogously to Fig. 7, the door hinge part 37 can be combined, for example, with a door hinge part 15 to be fastened to a frame, which is why a reserve bearing ring 43 or 44 is inserted into the receptacles 42 facing one another. In addition, Fig. to 10 show a hinge pin 45 protruding through the sleeves 39, 40. This is provided at its two ends, which each come to rest in one of the receptacles 42 on the end sections of the sleeves 39, 41 facing away from one another and free of a reserve bearing ring 43, 44, with a collar forming an undercut 46, onto which an end cap 47 can be clipped, which is provided with a sleeve-shaped projection 48 projecting inwards and having a corresponding undercut. The various parts are suitably dimensioned so that the end caps 47, when assembled, lie coaxially and flush along hairline butt joints on the corresponding end surfaces of the door hinge parts 37.

If it is desired to fix the hinge pin 45 in a non-rotatable manner in the door hinge part 37, an inner casing made of plastic of the casing 41 of the sleeve 39 and/or 40 is provided with a longitudinal groove 53 parallel to the axis of rotation from one of the free end surfaces as shown in Fig. 9 and 10. A projection 49 (Fig. 10) is formed on the hinge pin 45, which projects radially outwards and fits into the longitudinal groove 53 and is arranged near one of the undercuts 46 and at such a location that, for example, when the hinge pin 45 is inserted, it enters the longitudinal groove 53 of the lower sleeve 40 from the free end surface (lower in Fig. 10) of the lower sleeve 40 and thereby in the

assembled state, relative rotation between the hinge pin 45 and the sleeve 40 or the entire door hinge part can be made impossible. The sleeves 39,40 are preferably of identical construction so that the hinge pin 45 can be inserted either from the free front side of the lower sleeve 40 or the upper sleeve 39. 5

According to Fig. 9 and 10, the longitudinal groove 53 preferably extends only over a part of the axial length of the sleeves 39, 40 or their plastic casings 41. This ensures that the hinge pin 45, regardless of which side it is inserted into the door hinge part 37, cannot be inadvertently pushed further than a point that is defined by a radial shoulder 50 at the end of the longitudinal groove 53.

According to Fig. 9 and 10, the hinge pin 45 is provided with a circumferential groove on at least one, preferably on both ends and on the side of the undercut 46 facing away from the front side, which serves to accommodate a snap ring 52, which consists of a material that is difficult to melt in the event of a fire and has a larger extension in at least one direction radial to the axis of rotation (Fig. 9) than corresponds to the inner diameter of the sleeve 39 or 40. Alternatively, the circumferential groove can be missing and the snap ring 52 can simply be placed on the hinge pin 45 with a clamp fit.

The hinge pin 45 is mounted, for example, in such a way that it is first pushed from below into the lower sleeve 40 with the projection 49 arranged at the bottom in Fig. 10 and then through the other sleeves until the projection 49 hits the shoulder 50 and therefore the end of the hinge pin 45 that is farther away from the projection 49 protrudes slightly upwards in Fig. 9 from the associated receptacle 42 of the upper sleeve 39. After the snap ring 52 has been placed on this end, the hinge pin 45 is pushed downwards in the door hinge until the snap ring 52 rests on the bottom of the receptacle 42 of the sleeve 39. The projection 49 remains in a central area of the longitudinal groove 53 of the lower sleeve 40.

As shown in Fig. 8 to 10, the hinge pin 45 cannot accidentally fall out of the door hinge in the event of a fire. Even if the casing 41 of the

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If the sleeve 39 should melt away, the hinge pin 45 can sink downwards as shown in particular in Fig. 9 until the snap ring 52 rests on the upper end face of the associated reserve bearing ring 43. The door closing function is fully retained.
5

The door hinge part 37 shown in Fig. 8 to 10 can be used either on right- or left-hand doors without any modification. If the door hinge part 37 according to Fig. 8 to 10 were to be mounted in a position rotated by 180° and so that the sleeve 40 is at the top and the sleeve 39 is at the bottom, then the projection 49 could at most slide down until the projection 49 rests on the shoulder 50 during normal use. If the casing 41 of the sleeve 40, which is now located at the top, melts away in the event of a fire or similar, the hinge pin 45 could only sink downwards until the projection 49 rests on the lower end face of the associated reserve bearing ring 44 in Fig. 10, which in turn can only move axially until it is supported by the associated reserve bearing ring 25 (Fig. 7) of the middle door hinge part 15. In this case too, the door closing function is fully retained. Therefore, if the snap ring 52 is always attached to the end of the hinge pin 45 that is furthest from the projection 49, then it is automatically ensured that the hinge pin 45 will not fall out of the hinge sleeves in whole or in part, both during normal use and in the event of a fire and if all plastic coverings melt away, regardless of how the door hinge is mounted in the individual case, and thus cause the door to open accidentally. The advantage is that when manufacturing the door hinge, no attention needs to be paid to whether it is to be attached to a right-hand or left-hand door.

The invention is not limited to the described embodiments, which can be modified in many ways. For example, it is possible to manufacture the sleeves 3, 30, etc. from a material such as brass, which has favorable sliding properties and can nevertheless be welded. In this case, the inner casing 17 of the plastic casing 14 could be completely omitted and a longitudinal groove 45 could be formed in the sleeve itself. It would also be possible to omit the thin plastic layers in the area of the recesses 5 of the sleeves 3 (Fig. 1, 3), in which case the reserve bearing rings 25, etc. could also be located directly on the sleeves 3 during normal operation.

could support. The reserve bearing rings 25, 33 etc. would then remain arranged in the sleeves 3, 30 without any play when the plastic casing 14 melts away, so that sagging of the door would be impossible. Accordingly, the outer casings 19 (Fig. 3) could be missing if they are undesirable for design reasons. In addition, the slots 6 at the sleeve ends can be omitted and the recesses 6 and receptacles 20 can be made cylindrical or similar instead of conical. It is also possible to provide the sleeves 3, 30 with different ends depending on where they are used, as is indicated in Fig. 7 for the sleeves 30 attached to the tab 31. However, it is particularly advantageous if all sleeves are made identical at both ends, analogous to Figs. 8 to 10. This makes it possible to always provide identical sleeves regardless of the intended use, especially if the door hinges are only to consist of a lower hinge part to be attached to a frame and an upper hinge part to be attached to a door. Finally, it goes without saying that the various elements and features can also be used in combinations other than those described and shown.

Claims (13)

Expectations 1. Door hinge part for fire doors with a tab (2,31,38) to be attached to a door or frame and a sleeve (3,30,39,40) connected to the tab and intended to receive a hinge pin (35,45) made of a material that is difficult to melt in the event of a fire, the sleeve (3,30,39,40) being provided on at least one end section with a main bearing ring (16,32) made by injection molding and effective during normal operation from a plastic that melts easily in the event of a fire, a receptacle (20,42) passing through the main bearing ring (16,32) and a reserve bearing ring (25,33,43,44) inserted into the receptacle and ineffective during normal operation, which consists of a material that is difficult to melt in the event of a fire and, in the event of a fire, when the main bearing ring (16,32) melts, is supported on the sleeve (3,30,39,40) is effective, characterized in that the sleeve (3,30,39,40) consists of a separately manufactured body connected to the tab (2,31,38) by welding and the receptacle (20,42) consists of a recess formed in the main bearing ring (16,32) which is kept free during injection molding. 2. Door hinge part according to claim 1, characterized in that the receptacle (20, 42) is conical and the reserve bearing ring (25, 33, 43, 44) has a conical outer casing adapted thereto. 3. Door hinge part according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sleeve (3, 30, 39, 40) contains at least one slot (6) filled with plastic during injection molding of the main bearing ring (16, 32) at the end section having the main bearing ring (16, 32). 4. Door hinge part according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sleeve (3,30,39,40) is provided with a plastic inner casing (17) which has a passage (18) forming a pivot bearing for the hinge pin (35,45) and opening into the receptacle (20,42) in the region of the end section. 5. Door hinge part according to claim 4, characterized in that the receptacle (20,42) is formed in a plastic casing (14,41) that completely envelops the sleeve (3,30,39,40) and is spaced apart by a thin plastic layer from a correspondingly shaped recess (5) formed in the sleeve (3,30,39,40). 6. Door hinge part according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the sleeve (39, 40) or the plastic casing (41) is provided with an axially parallel longitudinal groove (53). 7. Door hinge part according to claim 6, characterized in that the longitudinal groove (53) extends only over a part of the axial length of the sleeve (39, 40) or plastic casing (41). 8. Door hinge part according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by its application to doors not intended for fire protection purposes, optionally with or without reserve bearing ring (25,33,43,44). 9. Door hinge with at least two door hinge parts, each of which has at least one sleeve through which a hinge bolt passes, characterized in that the door hinge parts are designed according to one or more of claims 1 to 7. 10. Door hinge according to claim 9, characterized in that the hinge pin (45) has a radial projection (49) arranged in the longitudinal groove (53). 11. Door hinge according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the hinge pin (45) is provided with a snap ring (52) pushed onto at least one end. 12. Door hinge according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that it has end caps (47) attached to the ends of the hinge pin (45). 13. Door hinge according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that reserve bearing rings (25, 33, 43, 44) are inserted into selected receptacles (20, 42).